主动脉内球囊反搏在冠心病高危患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用

目的探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在冠心病高危患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)中的应用时机。方法本文前瞻性随机研究,选择我院2007年1月至2010年1月行OPCABG的冠心病高危患者60例,均分为主动性植入IABP组(A组)和常规处理组(B组)。比较两组患者的临床资料及预后。结果 B组正性肌力药物辅助时间、IABP使用时间、机械通气时间、住ICU时间、围术期死亡率及围术期心肌梗死发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05);而术后1年生存率明显低于A组(P<0.05)。结论主动性植入IABP可改善冠心病高危患者行OPCABG的预后。     

心脏手术围术期主动脉内球囊反搏的应用

目的 探讨高危心脏病病人围手术期应用主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）的疗效.方法 分析1998年1月至2002年9月293例应用IABP的围手术期心脏病病人资料.结果 本组治愈179例,死亡114例,总病死率38.91%;其中冠心病病死率35.87%（94/262例）,非冠心病病死率64.52%（20/31例）.术前应用IABP的冠心病者病死率17.24%（5/29例）,明显低于术中和术后开始应用IABP的冠心病者病死率36.47%（62/170例）和42.86%（27/63例）.结论 IABP是一种安全、行之有效的循环辅助方式,术前应积极应用,在高危冠心病病人中可以明显提高治疗效果.     

主动脉内囊反搏治疗双瓣替换术后低心排综合征探讨

目的探讨主动脉内囊反搏(IABP)在治疗双瓣替换术后低心排综合征的作用.方法用IABP治疗9例双瓣替换术后低心排综合征的病人.结果 7例存活,2例死亡,抢救成功率为78%.结论 IABP对于抢救心脏外科术后危重病人,具有重要临床价值.     

老年危重心瓣膜病的外科治疗与围术期处理

目的总结老年危重心瓣膜病患者的手术治疗和围术期处理经验。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2010年6月中国医科大学附属第一医院37例60岁以上老年危重心瓣膜病患者手术治疗的临床资料,其中男21例,女16例;年龄60～79(67.3±6.9)岁。二尖瓣病变15例,主动脉瓣病变8例,主动脉瓣+二尖瓣病变14例;合并左心房血栓9例,三尖瓣反流11例。结果围术期死亡3例,其中死于术后肺部感染1例,多器官功能衰竭1例,脑梗死1例。术后发生并发症18例,包括呼吸道并发症、室性心律失常、低心排血量综合征和急性肾功能衰竭等,经相应的治疗治愈。随访26例,随访时间6～23个月,心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级12例,Ⅲ级1例。结论完善的术中操作、加强围术期处理,可有效降低老年危重心瓣膜病患者术后并发症的发生和病死率。     

43例心脏瓣膜疾病的外科治疗

随着心脏外科手术技术和围手术期处理水平的不断提高，越来越多的高龄心脏瓣膜病患者接受手术治疗。2002年1月至2007年6月，我们收治了43例60岁以上的心脏瓣膜疾病患者，并行外科手术治疗。现对其外科治疗及围术期处理经验进行总结。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期的应用

目的 探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围术期的应用效果. 方法 在CABG围术期,对急性心肌梗死(2例)、术中停体外循环困难(16例)、停体外循环后发生低心排血量(7例)和发生恶性心律失常、心跳骤停行心肺复苏后(3例)患者经皮股动脉穿刺置入IABP进行循环辅助. 结果 IABP辅助时间36h～7d(74.16±31.64h),住ICU时间为4～27d.围术期死亡3例,死亡率为10.7%(3/28);其余患者均存活.使用IABP后舒张压从48.7±3.1mmHg升至68.0±8.8mmHg(t=4.504 ,P＜0.01),平均动脉压从52.0±8.8 mmHg上升至73.0±9.5mmHg(t=6.060,P＜0.01),多巴胺用量由12.8±2.6mmol/L降至8.5±1.3mmol/L(t=3.490, P＜0.01).随访25例,随访时间6个月,25例患者心功能均恢复良好,无1例发生并发症. 结论 在CABG围术期使用IABP可明显改善危重患者的心功能,掌握好IABP的使用指征和时机是救治危重患者成功的关键.     

术前置入主动脉内球囊反搏对高危冠状动脉旁路移植术患者预后的影响

目的比较高危冠心病患者术前预防性置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)和被动紧急置入IABP对临床预后的影响. 方法 35例接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术同时需接受IABP置入的患者,根据置入的时机不同分为两组.术前置入组 接受术前预防性置入IABP;对照组术中或术后接受紧急置入IABP.比较两组围术期死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、术后心功能不全和需要正性肌力药物辅助的程度、IABP使用的时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间和重症监护治疗病房(ICU)停留时间. 结果术前置入组围手术期死亡率和心肌梗死发生率分别为11.1%和0%,较对照组低(65.4%,50%;P＝0.007,0.013);两组呼吸机辅助通气时间、IABP使用时间、术后需正性肌力药物辅助时间以及术后平均住ICU时间差别均有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论术前预防性置入IABP能降低围术期死亡率、心肌梗死发生率,减少对正性肌力药物的需要量和缩短住ICU时间.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在高危患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的分析行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB)的高危患者术前应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intraaortic balloon pump,IABP)的治疗效果,总结IABP的应用及撤机指征。方法回顾性分析自2008年1月至2011年7月复旦大学附属中山医院102例高危冠心病患者[IABP组,男71例,女31例;年龄(63.0±8.2)岁]在OPCAB术前置入IABP治疗的临床资料,另外选择100例未于术前置入IABP的患者作为对照[对照组,男55例,女45例;年龄(64.1±9.5)岁]。监测两组患者手术后有创动脉收缩压(SABP)、有创平均动脉压(MABP)、机械辅助通气时间、住ICU时间、并发症发生情况、IABP辅助时间、围术期死亡等。术后3个月复查心脏超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果 IABP组患者术后SABP[(95.3±12.2)mm Hgvs(.80.1±11.7)mm Hg;t=8.440,P=0.000]、MABP[(78.9±13.5)mm Hg vs(.52.3±15.1)mm Hg;t=12.410,P=0.000]明显高于对照组;机械辅助通气时间、住ICU时间、正性肌力药物辅助时间较对照组短;室性心律失常、低心排血量、围术期心肌梗死和围术期肾功能不全血液透析的发生较对照组少;围术期死亡率低于对照组[5.9%(6/102)vs.17.0%(17/100),χ2=6.180,P=0.020]。IABP组随访96例,对照组随访83例,随访时间均为3个月。术后3个月时心脏超声心动图提示IABP组LVEF显著高于对照组(45.3%±12.0%vs.39.1%±8.2%,t=3.950,P=0.000)。结论对具有高危因素的OPCAB患者术前预防性置入IABP、且把握好撤机时机,可降低手术风险,明显提高手术效果,加快患者术后恢复,改善心功能,减少并发症的发生,降低围术期病死率。     

自制多媒体视频用于心脏瓣膜手术患者健康教育

目的探讨自制多媒体视频在瓣膜手术患者健康教育中的应用效果,提高心脏外科围术期健康教育质量。方法将257例心脏瓣膜病患者随机分为对照组(122例)和观察组(135例)。对照组给予心脏外科常规围术期健康教育;观察组在此基础上观看围术期多媒体视频宣教片进行健康教育。结果观察组对监护室环境、肢体锻炼方法、抗凝治疗知识的掌握情况,其满意率显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论自制多媒体视频宣教片可显著提高瓣膜手术术前健康教育效果及患者和家属对疾病与手术康复知识的掌握情况,提升患者满意度。     

合并心脏恶病质瓣膜病的外科治疗

目的：为提高合并心脏恶病质瓣膜病患者外科治疗的成功率,探讨其围术期处理的特点。方法：符合心脏恶病质综合征诊断标准的21例心瓣膜病患者接受了手术治疗。其中二尖瓣置换术14例,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣置换术7例,同时三尖瓣成形术16例,结果：发生并发症13例,分别为低心排血量综合征,室性心律失常和多器官功能衰竭等。死亡6例,主要死亡原因因为多器官功能衰竭,结论：合并心脏恶病质瓣膜病患者的外科治疗应注意围术期处理,术中应重视三尖瓣功能纠正及左、,右心房折叠：术后注意低心排血量治疗,积极防治多器官功能衰竭,加强营养支持。     

Prophylactic Use of Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pumps in Open Heart Surgery

During a 1‐year period, intra‐aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) were used in open heart surgery on 57 patients. Indications were prophylactic usage for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 52 patients, prophylactic usage for valve replacement in three patients, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) weaning during valve replacement in two patients. The 52 CABG patients comprised 94.5% of all CABG procedures during the period. Sheathless 8 Fr IABPs were used in all cases. The 57 patients using IABPs were analyzed. The mean duration of IABP use was 41.7 h. Morbidity was not associated with using IABPs. There was one case of balloon rupture. Hemostasis was performed easily after removing IABP catheters by compressing the groin for approximately 15 min. The lowest blood pressure during anastomosis or cardiac arrest was also assessed. The lowest peak pressure was 55.9 ± 17.3 mm Hg for patients with IABP still turned on, and the lowest mean pressure was 34.7 ± 6.5 mm Hg for patients with IABP temporarily turned off. Peak blood pressure after CPB was 73.8 ± 17.8 mm Hg. During open heart surgery under anesthesia with the low blood pressure presented by this series, use of IABPs enabled patients to tolerate the procedure. In conclusion, aggressive use of IABPs is easy, safe, and effective with no related morbidity.     

急性心肌梗死外科治疗的临床效果与手术时机探讨

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术（cABG）的临床效果和手术时机。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年2月青岛大学医学院附属青岛市市立医院133例AMI患者于发病30d内行CABG治疗的临床资料和结果,其中男104例,女29例;年龄46～84岁（67．12±8．90岁）;急诊／紧迫性手术39例,心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）转归正常后行cABG94例。观察AMI后手术时间、手术死亡率、移植血管数、使用主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）以及并发症发生情况等;采用免疫双抗体夹心法检测术前、术后cTnI的变化和持续时间。结果移植血管1～5支（2．72±1．06支）,AMI后手术时间4h～29d（10．56±7．05d）,围术期死亡14例,死亡原因主要为低心排血量、多器官功能衰竭和肾功能衰竭等,总死亡率10．53％（14／133）。行急诊／紧迫性手术患者的手术死亡率高于cTnI正常后手术患者（30．77％VS．2．13％,P=0．000）;使用IABP（58．97％VS．1．06％,P=0．000）、心律失常、低心排血量、多器官功能衰竭发生率、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间和住Icu时间均大于或长于cTnI正常后手术患者（P〈0．05）。随访115例,随访时间1～46个月（23．50±12．20个月）,失访4例;l例急诊／紧迫性手术患者于术后2年死于脑血管意外;cTnI正常后手术患者在随访期间无晚期死亡和心血管事件发生。结论AMI合并心源性休克、机械并发症或左主干严重病变患者应紧急手术;对血流动力学相对稳定的AMI患者cTnI正常后尽早手术,可明显提高AMI的治疗效果,cABG对AMI患者是有效和可行的治疗方法。     

A simultaneous operation on coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm during extracorporeal circulation in patient with impaired left ventricular function

A 74-year-old man had an previous antero-septal and inferior myocardial infarction and an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) 48 mm in diameter. Coronary angiography showed obstruction of the left anterior descending artery and of the right coronary artery, and 95% stenosis of the circumflex artery. The value of an ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 33%, measured by left venticulography. CABG and replacement of the aneurysm were performed simultaneously, because of the necessity of an intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) due to the impaired left ventricular function. First, CABG was performed under cardiac arrest. After declamping the ascending aorta, subsequently, replacement of AAA was performed while extracorporeal circulation (ECC) assisted heart beating. Weaning from ECC was smooth, and the operation was successful without using IABP. The patient was discharged 32 days after the operation. Consequently, cardiopulmonary bypass during AAA operation could decrease heart loads when hemodynamic states change in aortic clamping or after declamping. A simultaneous operation of CABG and AAA using ECC is safe and effective for impaired left ventricular function.     

风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病的外科治疗

报告１９９１年１月至１９９５年１１月期间１５例风湿性瓣膜病合并冠心病病人瓣膜替换及冠脉桥术（ＣＡＢＧ）的体会。手术均在低温体外循环下进行。其中二尖瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例，主动脉瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ６例、双瓣替换＋ＣＡＢＧ３例，术后死亡３例，其余治愈出院，作者强调了术前明确诊断的重要性，并就冠脉搭桥、心肌保护、主动脉气囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）及药物的应用加以讨论。     

Minimally Invasive Approach for Redo Mitral Valve Surgery: A True Benefit for the Patient

ABSTRACT Objectives Redo mitral valve surgery via sternotomy is associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated a minimally invasive technique for mitral valve redo procedures. Material and Methods: Out of a series of 394 patients undergoing mitral valve repair or replacement via a right minithoracotomy, 39 patients underwent redo mitral valve surgery (59 ± 13 years, 23 female). Previous cardiac surgeries included 17 patients with mitral valve repair, 6 patients with mitral valve replacement, 3 patients with aortic valve replacement, 2 patients with atrial septal defect closure, and 11 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In all cases, femoro-femoral cannulation was performed. The port access technique was applied in patients undergoing redo valve surgery. In patients with prior CABG, the operation was performed using deep hypothermia and ventricular fibrillation. Results: In all cases, sternotomy was avoided. The mitral valve was replaced in 20 patients and repaired in 19. Time of surgery and cross-clamp time were comparable with the overall series (168 ± 73 [redo] vs 168 ± 58 min and 52 ± 21 [redo] vs 58 ± 25 min). Mortality was 5.1%. One patient had transient hemiplegia due to the migration of the endoclamp. All other patients had uneventful outcomes and normal mitral valve function at 3-month's follow-up. Conclusion: Redo mitral valve surgery can be performed safely using a minimally invasive approach in patients with a previous sternotomy. The right lateral minithoracotomy offers excellent exposure. It minimizes the need for cardiac dissection, and thus, the risk for injury. Avoiding a resternotomy increases patient comfort of redo mitral valve surgery.     

冠心病手术方式对IABP应用的影响

目的:探讨冠心病手术方式对主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)的影响。方法;冠心病手术176例,27例为非体外循环心脏跳动下的手术。在149例体外循环(cardio-pulmonary bypass,CPB)下的手术中,单纯冠状动脉搭桥(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)35例,CABG 激光心肌血管重建(Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization,TMLR)联合手术114例,其中29例加做室壁瘤切除、室间隔穿孔修补、瓣膜置换手术,9例于术中安置临时心外膜起搏器。结果:149例体外循环下的手术中共置入IABP23例,其中120例常规手术组中应用IABP15例,29例有附加手术组中应用IABP8例,而27例非体外循环下的手术中无IABP的应用。结论:(1)应用LABP数量在常规手术组与术中加做室壁瘤切除、瓣膜置换术或成型术、室间隔穿孔修补术(p<0.05),安置临时心外膜起搏器(P<0.01),组比较结果均有统计学意义;(2)激光心肌血管重建术,无论与何种冠心病手术联合应用,无论激光打孔数量多少,都没有增加IABP的应用;(3)未发现冠脉搭桥数量与IABP有关。     

Beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting for acute myocardial infarction

We consider that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [OPCAB], which results in local myocardial ischemia, is more effective for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than conventional CABG under cardiac arrest with global myocardial ischemia. Twenty-one patients (15 males, 6 females) received OPCAB for AMI, among whom surgery was performed following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) failure in 4 and PCI was performed prior to OPCAB in 2, while PCI was not performed in the remaining 15. Preoperatively, 16 patients had intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP), and 4 had IABP and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). The mean interval from onset to surgery was 11.7 (range 3 to 40) hours. In 20 cases, a complete revascularization was performed. The mean number of bypasses was 2.3 and OPCAB was carried out in 14 patients. In 2 cases, OPCAB was converted to on-pump beating CABG for complete revascularization. Fourteen patients (67%), each maintained with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), were discharged with an elective bypass. Four patients died after on-pump beating CABG, in whom EF was lower than 10%. In addition, 3 died of low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) under PCPS and 1 of ventricular fibrillation. Based on our results, we considered that complete revascularization using OPCAB was effective for cases of AMI with PCI difficulty. However, in shock cases requiring PCPS, cardiac function was not improved even after revascularization. Therefore, it is necessary to study new procedures for shock cases during the period from onset to surgery.     

Preoperative autologous blood donation with cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: Preoperative autologous blood donation is commonly used to reduce exposure to homologous blood transfusions among patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how much volume of predonated autologous blood need to avoid of homologous blood transfusion in cardiac procedure. METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight patients underwent scheduled cardiac procedure between January 1998 and December 1999. Group 1: 400 ml predonated, operation without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) [n = 33], group 2: 800 ml predonated, operation without CPB (n = 23), group 3: 800 ml predonated, operation with CPB (n = 36), group 4: 1,200 ml predonated, operation with CPB (n = 36). Surgical procedures underwent only off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in groups 1 and 2. In groups 3 and 4 included coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve replacement, CABG + valve replacement and atrial septal defect repair. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in mean body weight, mean preoperative hematocrit values or mean volume of intraoperative blood loss between groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in mean age, mean body weight, mean preoperative and postoperative day-7 hematocrit values, mean volume of intraoperative blood loss or mean CPB time between groups 3 and 4. The mean postoperative day-7 hematocrit value was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Homologous blood transfusion was avoided in 63.6% of those with predonation of group 1 versus 100% at group 2 (p < 0.05), 86.1% at group 3 versus 94.4% at group 4 (p < 0.05). In group 3, all patients who underwent redo operation or CABG + valve replacement needed homologous blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous blood transfusion is effective for reducing the homologous blood requirement. It also seems that predonation of 800 ml may be sufficient to avoid homologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery, however predonation of 1,200 ml is desirable in cases of redo operation or CABG + valve replacement.     

Minimally invasive approach for redo mitral valve surgery: a true benefit for the patient

OBJECTIVES: Redo mitral valve surgery via sternotomy is associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated a minimally invasive technique for mitral valve redo procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of a series of 394 patients undergoing mitral valve repair or replacement via a right minithoracotomy, 39 patients underwent redo mitral valve surgery (59+/-13 years, 23 female). Previous cardiac surgeries included 17 patients with mitral valve repair, 6 patients with mitral valve replacement, 3 patients with aortic valve replacement, 2 patients with atrial septal defect closure, and 11 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In all cases, femoro-femoral cannulation was performed. The port access technique was applied in patients undergoing redo valve surgery. In patients with prior CABG, the operation was performed using deep hypothermia and ventricular fibrillation. RESULTS: In all cases, sternotomy was avoided. The mitral valve was replaced in 20 patients and repaired in 19. Time of surgery and cross-clamp time were comparable with the overall series (168+/-73 [redo] vs 168+/-58 min and 52+/-21 [redo] vs 58+/-25 min). Mortality was 5.1%. One patient had transient hemiplegia due to the migration of the endoclamp. All other patients had uneventful outcomes and normal mitral valve function at 3-month's follow-up. CONCLUSION: Redo mitral valve surgery can be performed safely using a minimally invasive approach in patients with a previous sternotomy. The right lateral minithoracotomy offers excellent exposure. It minimizes the need for cardiac dissection, and thus, the risk for injury. Avoiding a resternotomy increases patient comfort of redo mitral valve surgery.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏瓣膜置换手术59例临床分析

目的 研究冠状动脉旁路移植同时行心脏瓣膜置换手术治疗非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病的疗效.方法 59例冠状动脉旁路移植同时行瓣膜置换手术,包括二尖瓣瓣膜病变40例及主动脉瓣瓣膜病变11例,联合瓣膜病变8例,共搭桥132支.根据患者年龄及病变血管情况选用乳内动脉或大隐静脉作为血管桥.结果 本组1例术后1d死亡,死亡原因是严重的低心排综合征,搭桥4根.其他病例术后随访2个月至7年,均没有明显心绞痛复发并且心功能得到改善.结论 非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者一般无典型心绞痛病史,有冠心病高危因素的患者术前应该常规行冠状动脉造影检查明确是否合并冠心病.采取术前改善心功能状态,缩短手术及心肌缺血时间等措施,同时行冠状动脉旁路移植手术及心脏瓣膜手术是有效可行的治疗手段.