被动吸烟对新生儿出生体重的影响

本文报告孕期妇女被动吸烟对新生儿出生体重的影响。经协方差分析,证实孕期被动吸烟可导致新生儿出生体重下降。这种影响具有剂量-反应关系。     

孕妇被动吸烟对新生儿身长、体重的影响

对157例孕产妇进行接触被动吸烟状况的研究及产妇对烟草对人类危害知识和态度进行了调查,并对这些产妇的新生儿进行了身长体重的测量.结果表明,孕妇孕期被动吸烟情况仍然普遍存在,且主要来源于家人、同事及公共场所不同人群的吸烟.     

孕期被动吸烟对新生儿出生体重影响的临床研究

目的 分析鄂州市孕期被动吸烟与新生儿低出生体重的关系。方法 采用1∶2病例对照研究方法, 对2008年1月1日-2011年12月1日间在鄂州市妇幼保健院分娩的1 080名20~30岁非主动吸烟的产妇孕期被动吸烟情况与新生儿低出生体重关系进行分析。结果 病例组产妇被动吸烟发生率(47.5%)明显高于对照组 (28.3%,P<0.001)。控制相关混杂因素后,孕期每周平均累积被动吸烟时间为1~3 d或超过3 d的产妇发生新生儿低出生体重的风险相比无被动吸烟的产妇增加1.54倍(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.81~3.57)和3.29倍(OR=4.29,95%CI:2.62~7.04),相应归因分值AFe分别为60.6%和76.7%。孕期产检次数增加到7次以上可以减少被动吸烟组产妇约53%(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.30~0.73) 的低出生体重儿的发生风险。 结论 孕期被动吸烟与新生儿低出生体重发生密切相关,且暴露时间与新生儿低出生体重发生风险存在很明显的剂量反应关系。     

孕妇被动吸烟对新生儿体重影响的调查

[目的]探讨孕妇被动吸烟对新生儿体重的影响.[方法]采用问卷方式调查产妇孕期被动吸烟状况,测量新生儿体重.[结果]孕期无被动吸烟组及少量(≤1h/d)被动吸烟组与大量(＞1h/d)被动吸烟组间其新生儿平均体重差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而无被动吸烟组与少量被动吸烟组间其新生儿平均体重差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]孕妇孕期大量被动吸烟会导致新生儿体重下降.     

孕期血铁水平与新生儿身长、体重的相关分析

目的:探讨新生儿血清铁水平与身长、体重等的相关关系,为新生儿体格发育评估标准提供依据。方法:采用MB5多通道原子吸收分光光度计测定新生儿脐带血中铁的含量,采用国内统一标准测量新生儿出生时身长、体重、头围、胸围。结果:269例新生儿血清铁水平呈现正态分布,新生儿血清铁水平与母亲血清铁水平不存在相关性(P>0.05),新生儿血清铁水平与其出生时身长、体重、头围、胸围呈现相关性(P<0.05),新生儿血清铁水平与母亲产前增重呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿血清铁水平与其体格发育密切相关,孕期母亲血清铁水平不能直接作为新生儿铁元素摄入的评价指标。     

孕妇被动吸烟对新生儿体重影响的调查

[目的]探讨孕妇被动吸烟对新生儿体重的影响。[方法]采用问卷方式调查产妇孕期被动吸烟状况，测量新生儿体重。[结果]孕期无被动吸烟组及少量（≤1h/d）被动吸烟组与大量（＞1h/d0被动吸烟组间其新生儿平均体重差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01），而无被动吸烟组与少量被动吸烟组间其新生儿平均体重差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。[结论]孕妇孕期大量被动吸烟会导致新生儿体重下降。     

乌鲁木齐市新生儿出生体重和身长影响因素分析

目的:探讨乌鲁木齐市新生儿出生体重和身长的影响因素。方法:回顾性收集和整理乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院2013年全年产妇及新生儿的基本资料,采用多重线性回归方法对新生儿出生体重和身长的影响因素进行分析。结果:新生儿出生体重单因素分析显示产妇年龄、民族、居住地、胎数、性别、孕周、孕次比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),产次和新生儿出生月份比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出生身长单因素分析显示,产妇年龄、民族、居住地、胎数、性别、孕周、孕次、产次比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),新生儿出生月份比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多重线性回归分析显示新生儿出生体重与产妇年龄、居住地、胎数、新生儿性别、孕周有关;出生身长与产妇年龄、居住地、胎数、新生儿性别、孕周、孕次有关。结论:多种因素共同作用于乌鲁木齐市新生儿出生体重和身长,这对进一步完善新疆地区孕前及孕期保健服务工作,促进新生儿整体健康水平有积极作用。     

孕妇被动吸烟对新生儿体重影响的调查

为探讨被动吸烟对新生儿体重的影响，本文对750例被动吸烟的产妇和家属进行详细的问卷调查，同时认真地测量了新生儿出生时的体重，并详细的记录于病历。结果证实被动吸烟对新生儿的体重确有一定的影响。     

901例新生儿出生体重和身长的影响因素研究

目的 探讨新生儿出生体重和身长的影响因素,为孕期保健提供科学依据.方法 收集昆明社区上报全国儿童营养与健康监测数据直报系统的数据,选取901例分娩母亲的年龄、文化程度、职业、产前保健次数、孕期体重以及901例新生儿出生体重和身长等指标,通过描述性分析、单因素分析和多元线性回归分析进行统计处理.结果 新生儿平均出生体重为3 241.80±394.30g,平均身长为50.09±1.18cm.单因素分析,不同体重新生儿的母亲职业、父亲职业、分娩孕周、母亲孕期增重比较,差异均有统计学意义(,值分别为104.482、322.546、36.771;F=47.98,均P＜0.05).不同身长新生儿的母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度、母亲职业、父亲职业、分娩孕周、母亲孕期增重比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=3.021,2.895;x2值分别为140.597、526.251、19.076;F=14.69,均P＜0.05).多因素分析,父亲文化程度、分娩孕周、孕期增重均影响新生儿出生体重(偏回归系数分别为0.038、0.037、0.063,均P＜0.05),产检次数、分娩孕周、孕期增重均影响新生儿出生身长(偏回归系数分别为0.044、0.061、0.114,均P＜0.05).结论 昆明市6个社区卫生服务中心的新生儿体重受父亲文化程度、产检次数、分娩孕周、孕期增重的影响;新生儿身长受产检次数、分娩孕周、孕期增重的影响.     

启东市2006-2017年新生儿出生身长、体重变化趋势分析

目的：分析该地区新生儿出生身长、体重变化趋势，探讨其与分娩结局的关系。方法：利用启东市出生医学证明信息系统，获得70 723例新生儿出生身长、体重资料和数据，分析新生儿身长、体重变化及不同出生体重与分娩方式关系。结果：该地区新生儿出生身长平均值为（49.87 ± 1.44）cm、体重平均值为（3 450.38 ± 436.54）g；其中男婴出生身长平均值为（49.94 ± 1.43）cm、体重平均值为（3 499.47 ± 441.59）g；女婴出生身长平均值为（49.81 ± 1.43）cm、体重平均值为（3 398.56 ± 425.06）g，新生儿出生身长、体重呈逐年增加趋势，2015年最高。低出生体重儿总数745例（1.05%），巨大胎儿5 828例（8.24%）。低出生体重儿呈递减趋势、巨大儿发生率递增并趋于稳定于一水平。随出生体重增加，剖宫产率明显上升。结论：启东市新生儿出生体重呈逐年递增趋势，但于2015年后递减。应加强孕期营养指导和孕产期保健，控制巨大儿的发生，降低剖宫产率。     

The influence of maternal cigarette smoking, snuff use and passive smoking on pregnancy outcomes: the Birth To Ten Study

This article describes the patterns and effects of maternal snuff use, cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy on birthweight and gestational age, in women living in Johannesburg and Soweto in 1990. A cohort of 1593 women with singleton live births provided information about their own and household members' usage of tobacco products during pregnancy. The women completed a questionnaire while attending antenatal services. Data on gestational age and birthweight were obtained from birth records. Women who smoked cigarettes or used snuff during pregnancy accounted for 6.1% and 7.5% of the study population respectively. The mean birthweight of non-tobacco users was 3148 g [95% CI 3123, 3173] and that of the smokers 2982 g [95% CI 2875, 3090], resulting in a significantly lower mean birthweight of 165 g for babies of smoking mothers (P = 0.005). In contrast, women using snuff gave birth to infants with a mean birthweight of 3118 g [95% CI 3043, 3192], which is a non-significant (P = 0.52) decrease (29.4 g) in their infants' birthweights compared with those not using tobacco. A linear regression analysis identified short gestational age, female infant, a mother without hypertension during pregnancy, coloured (mixed racial ancestry), and Asian infants compared with black infants, lower parity, less than 12 years of education and smoking cigarettes as significant predictors of low birthweight, while the use of snuff during pregnancy was not associated with low birthweight. The snuff users, however, had a significant shorter gestational age than the other two groups of women. The birthweight reduction adjusted for possible confounders was 137 g [95% CI 26.6, 247.3 (P = 0.015)] for cigarette smokers and 17.1 g [95% CI -69.5, -102.7, P = 0.69] for snuff users respectively, compared with the birthweight of non-tobacco users. Among women who did not smoke cigarettes or use snuff, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke did not result in significant effects on the birthweight of their infants. In conclusion, infants of cigarette smokers had significantly lower birthweights than those of non-tobacco users or snuff users who are exposed to nicotine during pregnancy. Passive smoking did not affect birthweight significantly in this population.     

Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young British men

The relationship of unemployment experienced between the agesof 16 and 33 years with smoking, alcohol consumption and obesitywas examined in 2, 887 men who were members of the 1958 longitudinalBritish birth cohort study (NCDS). Cigarette smoking, alcoholconsumption, measured as units consumed in the past week andas problem drinking using the CAGE questionnaire and the bodymass index (BMI) were measured at age 33 years. Both the amountof unemployment accumulated between the ages of 16 and 33 yearsand recent unemployment experienced in the year prior to interviewat age 33 years were examined. When compared with men who hadnever been unemployed, the adjusted relative odds amongst menwith over three years of accumulated unemployment (after adjustmentfor possible confounding socioeconomic and behavioural factorsmeasured prior to unemployment) were 2.11 (95% Cl: 1.42–3.12)for smoking, 2.13 (95% Cl: 1.32–3.42) for a low BMI andnon-significant for a high BMI; 1.52 (95% Cl: 1.04–2.24)for no alcohol consumed; non-significant for high alcohol consumption,but 2.15 (95% Cl: 1.39–3.33) for problem drinking. Menwho had experienced unemployment in the year prior to the interview,compared to those who had not, after adjustment, were significantlymore likely to smoke (RO 2.92, 95% Cl: 2.13–4.01), drinkheavily (RO 1.73, 95% Cl: 1.18–2.54) and to have a drinkproblem (RO 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99–4.21). Unemployment mayplay a significant part in establishing life-long patterns ofhazardous behaviour in young men.     

Supine length,weight and head circumference at birth in central Iran

Supine length, weight and head circumferences of 10,241 neonates (5241 boys, 5000 girls, sex ratio 105) born in Arak (central Iran) in 2004 are reported. The mean ± standard deviation of boys’ and girls’ (p value for sex difference) supine length (mm), weight (g) and head circumference (mm) were estimated as 501 ± 30 and 497 ± 31 (p < 0.001), 3194 ± 586 and 3100 ± 532 (p < 0.001), and 351 ± 18 and 345 ± 18 (p < 0.001), respectively. Supine length and weight of our subjects were significantly lower than that of their American counterparts (p < 0.01), but our boys’ head circumferences were significantly higher than the NCHS reference data (p < 0.01) while no significant differences was seen among girls.     

河北省城乡居民吸烟现状比较研究

目的 了解河北省城乡居民的吸烟现状。方法 采取多级分层整群随机抽样方法，选取5998户的16640名15岁及以上常住居民为调查对象，用统一规格的调查表进行询问调查。结果 调查人群的吸烟率为26.08％，农村高于城市；不同性别、年龄组、婚姻状况和职业的人群吸烟率不同；开始吸烟的平均年龄为21．76岁；日平均吸烟量为15．26支，农村高于城市，与2年前比较有增加趋势。结论 河北省城乡居民的吸烟率低于1998年第2次国家卫生服务调查的全国水平，高于本省水平；农村居民的吸烟率和吸烟量均高于城市。     

Reference birth weight, length, chest circumference, and head circumference by gestational age in Japanese twins

BACKGROUND: Numerous birth weight standards for twins have been reported in western countries, whereas little is in Japan. The aim of this study is to present birth weight, birth length, chest circumference, and head circumference references, clarifying features related to these body size parameters, and to compare our birth weight references with recent report of birth weight norms of Japanese twins using the vital statistics. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 1,061 twin pairs in total, with birth years ranging from 1968 through 1990. Data was obtained from the Twins Protocol Questionnaire, which asked for information about twins' growth and development in infancy, and the "Maternal and Child Health Handbook," which was presented by Ministry of Health and Welfare. Statistical means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles by gestational age were calculated and smoothed using data that contained at least gestational age and one of the four items. RESULTS: Birth weight was significantly lighter than that of singletons when three additional parameters, especially chest and head circumference, were not measured. Gestational age was correlated with weight, length, chest circumference, and head circumference, in that order, for both sexes. Compared with singletons, birth weight difference in twins was marked and slight difference was observed as to length, whereas no difference was observed as to chest and head circumference. The present results as to birth weight were consistently similar to the birth weight norms of twins using vital statistics in Japan. CONCLUSION: Growth standards for twins, especially as to birth weight, are essential to understand and evaluate intrauterine growth of twins.     

Effect of continuing or stopping smoking during pregnancy on infant birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference, ponderal index, and brain:body weight ratio

The objective of this study was to determine whether stopping smoking between the first prenatal care visit and the 32nd week of pregnancy affects the smoking-associated changes in five infant anthropometric indices. The study population consisted of 15,185 births in the Swedish Medical Birth Register from 1991 and 1992. The associations between birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference, ponderal index, brain:body weight ratio, maternal smoking status at the first prenatal care visit and at 32 weeks' gestation, and other maternal and infant characteristics were assessed using multivariate linear regression. The infants of 946 women who stopped smoking before week 32 of pregnancy were statistically indistinguishable from the 9,802 infants of nondaily smokers in terms of birth weight, head circumference, and brain:body weight ratio, but they retained a significant deficit in crown-heel length of 0.23 cm (standard error, 0.08) and a significant elevation in ponderal index of 0.027 (standard error, 0.009). In this study, stopping smoking between the first prenatal care visit and week 32 of pregnancy prevented smoking-associated deficits in infant birth weight, head circumference, and brain:body weight ratio, but did not completely prevent deficits in crown-heel length in comparison with nonsmokers' infants of the same age, and did not prevent elevation of ponderal index in comparison with nonsmokers' infants of the same weight and age.     

低剂量γ-射线及香烟对仔鼠发育和反射行为的影响

母鼠暴露于低剂量γ－射线（照射源６０Ｃｏ,剂量为０、０．２５、０．５、１．０ＧＹ）及香烟烟雾水溶物（浓度为０、０．５、１．０、１．５、２．０支／只）,可使子代小鼠发育（开眼、张耳、生毛、出牙）及反射行为（平面翻正、空中翻正、视觉定向、听觉惊愕）出现不同程度的延迟。并且低剂量γ－射线与香烟烟雾水溶物还有极显著的协同效应。     

吸烟与糖代谢异常关系研究进展

目的 中国人群吸烟率和糖尿病患病率居高不下,近年来许多流行病学研究也表明吸烟是糖尿病发生发展的独立危险因素;在吸烟与糖代谢异常关系的机制领域,越来越多的研究表明吸烟或香烟提取物可导致胰岛素抵抗和或胰岛细胞损伤,但大多停留在动物水平,细胞分子机制的研究仍较少。为此本文从流行病学和病理生理2个领域探讨吸烟与糖代谢异常的关系,旨在为糖尿病的防治提供理论依据。     

吸烟对高血压颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的了解吸烟与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法通过多普勒超声检查高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化。观察68例轻、中度高血压患者吸烟程度与颈动脉粥样硬化的相互关系。结果吸烟持续时间及吸烟数量与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生及颈动脉粥样硬化指数相关(P<0·05)。结论吸烟的持续时间及数量与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生及粥样硬化指数相关,吸烟可能参与了动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展。     

上海市光明镇40岁以上农村居民吸烟现况调查

目的调查和分析上海市光明镇40岁以上人群吸烟现况。方法以现况研究设计,整群抽样的方法抽取社区40岁及以上人群作为调查对象,以统一的调查表格进行面询调查,调查内容包括一般情况和吸烟相关情况。计算吸烟率、被动吸烟率,描述其年龄和性别分布特征。结果男性吸烟率为86.7%,女性为0,2%,平均为36.4%,男性吸烟率显著高于女性(P<0.01);男性平均每日吸烟量为(17.97±8.53)支;男、女被动吸烟率分别为84.2%和58.4%,男性被动吸烟者中91.2%在工作或公共场所暴露,女性被动吸烟者中90.0%在家庭暴露。结论上海市农村社区40岁以上人群男性吸烟率和男女被动吸烟率均处于较高水平。