上海市盲校学生病因及视力调查分析

目的通过对上海盲校学生病因及视力调查分析,为防治儿童盲提出依据。方法对盲校224名学生进行矫正视力、裂隙灯、眼底镜、眼压等眼部检查,并对病因和视力进行分析。结果224例盲校学生中97例为盲,低视力97例,矫正视力≥0.3者30例。第1位致盲眼病是早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathyofprematurity,ROP)占32.99%;低视力病因中第1位为先天性白内障术后无晶状体占21.65%;124例患屈光不正学生中配戴矫正眼镜54例。结论上海盲校学生中ROP已成为第1位致盲性眼病,提示建立ROP筛查网络和开展综合防治的重要性。先天性白内障、青光眼的早期诊断和治疗,提高手术成功率及屈光不正儿童的早期验光配镜对于防治儿童盲是十分重要的。     

广州市盲校学生致盲及低视力原因调查

目的:调查盲校学生盲和低视力的原因,以确定潜在的可预防性和可治疗性因素。方法:采用世界卫生组织防盲计划儿童盲及低视力眼检查记录表,对2004年广州市盲校学生盲及低视力情况进行调查,并分析其原因。结果:177名4～33岁(平均13.5岁)学生,男:女为2.1︰1,视力为无光感者55人(31.1%),<0.05者96人(54.2%),<0.1者15人(8.5%),不合作或精神障碍者11人(6.2%)。致盲及低视力的原因依次为早产儿视网膜病变67人(37.9%),视神经萎缩,眼球萎缩及原因不明,视网膜变性分别为15人(8.5%),先天性青光眼9人(5.1%),先天性黄斑异常8人(4.5%),视网膜脱离和先天性白内障分别7人(3.9%),先天性小眼球和角膜病变分别为5人(2.8%),其他24人(13.6%)。其中以早产儿视网膜病变为最重要的致盲因素(占37.9%),分别占≤10岁组的57.7%,≤15岁组的33.9%,≤20岁组的28.6%,大于20岁组的14.3%;以及占无光感组52.7%,视力<0.05组31.3%,不合作或精神障碍组63.6%。可避免性盲(包括早产儿视网膜病变,屈光不正,白内障术后弱视)73人(41.2%),仍有视力提高可能的治疗价值者14人(7.9%)。结论:早产儿视网膜病变是近年来盲童主要致盲原因;加强对早产儿围产期的监测,早发现,早治疗,有助减少致盲的可能。     

长沙市盲校学生视力调查及致盲原因分析

目的探讨儿童致盲原因及早期防治的重要性,为防治儿童盲或低视力提供有效的对策。方法采用常规眼科检查方法对长沙市82名盲校学生进行全面检查,包括视力、眼前节、眼位、眼底检查,以表格问卷形式调查盲童出生史、家族及父母眼病史,既往患病史（外伤、高热及其他全身病史）。结果致盲原因中以先天性遗传性眼病为主,占74．39％,其中包括先天性白内障、先天性青光眼、先天性视神经萎缩、视网膜病变;其次为眼外伤,占16．43％;其他高热脑炎后占9．58％。视力〈0．02-无光感为35例,占42．68％;残余视力≥0．02者47例,占57．32％。结论长沙市盲校学生致盲原因中,先天性遗传性眼病占第一位,眼外伤占第二位。揭示儿童盲的防治必须从胎儿期开始,预防为主,正确及时治疗先天性眼病极为重要,同时应高度重视眼外伤的预防和治疗。     

哈尔滨市盲校学生致盲原因及视力调查

目的探讨儿童盲早期防治和康复的重要性。方法应用眼科常规方法对73名盲校学生进行全面检查。并对致盲原因及视力进行分析。结果病因以先天性和遗传性眼病为主要因素。其中第一位为先天性白内障、术后无晶体眼(24.66%);第二位为重度屈光不正(伴有或不伴有斜视),占13.70%。视力,该盲校中有可利用残余视力(视力≥0.02)者为79.46%。视力为光感与无光感者15例,占总数的20.55%。盲目者占47.94%;低视力及以上者占52.06%。结论哈尔滨市盲校学生致盲原因中,第一位为先天性白内障、术后无晶体眼,提示眼病的早期诊断和治疗的重要性。第二位为重度屈光不正,提示屈光不正患儿的早期验光配镜对于防盲是极为重要的。学生中存在大量有残余视力者,根据视力情况进行分班教学、区别教育极为重要。     

太原市盲校学生视残病因及视力分析

目的:探讨太原市盲校学生视残原因并对其视力作出相应分析,为防治儿童盲提出依据,对该盲校盲童及低视力分班教学可行性进行评估。方法:应用眼科常规检查方法对太原市盲校学生进行全面的眼科检查,全部视力检查结果均为矫正视力,对调查结果进行分析评估。结果:视残主要致病因素为先天性/遗传因素,占总例数的69.9%。前3位病因分别为先天性小角膜小眼球、先天性白内障、先天性眼球震颤。盲校中有可利用残余视力者占总例数的50.4%。结论:先天性眼球异常和遗传性疾病是导致儿童视残的主要原因,考虑是由遗传、先天或围产期的原因所致。对目前尚无法治疗的先天性眼球异常应着重预防,对可治性先天性白内障及先天性青光眼,应不断提高两种常见儿童致盲眼病的手术成功率。盲校中可利用残余视力者超过总例数的1/2,说明盲校的低视力分班教学十分必要。     

上海市盲童学校学生视力状况及致盲原因调查分析

目的 调查上海市盲童学校（以下简称盲校）儿童视力状况及致盲原因,为防治儿童盲提 供依据.方法 横断面研究.根据世界卫生组织防盲计划（WHO/PBL）儿童盲与低视力检查记录表和工作手册自制调查表,于2010年4月对上海市盲校163名学生进行调查,采用标准对数视力表检查裸眼远视力和最佳矫正远视力,部分儿童辅以电脑验光和主觉验光;采用裂隙灯和眼底镜进行眼前段和眼底检查.数据录入后,按WHO/PBL标准定义进行视力损害分级,并分析盲和严重视力损害的原因.对数据进行分类计数,求百分比.结果 163名盲校儿童中,盲89人（54.6％）,严重视力损害者32人（19.6％）,一般视力损害者35人（21.5％）,视力无损害者7人（4.3％）.盲及严重视力损害儿童致盲主要原因为先天性和遗传性因素（37.2％）,致盲首要解剖部位为视网膜（41.3％）,首要病因是早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）（18.2％）.可避免性盲64例（52.9％）,其中可预防盲29例（24.0％）,可治疗性盲35例（28.9％）.导致一般视力损害的主要病因是先天性白内障（15例,42.9％）.结论 上海市盲校儿童盲和严重视力损害儿童致盲原因构成已与其他发达国家和地区相似,ROP是主要致盲原因,建议加快建立健全ROP筛查与诊治网络,并大力推进低视力康复工作.     

宁波市盲校学生视残情况调查

目的通过调查宁波盲校在校学生视力情况并分析其原因,说明早期预防和康复对儿童视残的重要性。方法采用眼科常规检查方法对41名盲校学生进行眼科检查,并对致病原因、残存视力以及儿童视残特点进行分析。结果先天性和遗传性眼病是致盲的主要因素,其中第一位为先天性眼球震颤、小眼球小角膜等,占总例数的34.15%,第二位为先天性白内障、青光眼等眼病,占总例数的26.83%。有视力残存者即低视力及以上者(视力>0.02)28人占62.29%,视力为光感至指数之间者9人占21.95%,无光感者4人占9.75%,盲目者共计31.7%。结论宁波市盲校学生眼病致盲原因中,主要是先天性遗传性眼病,提示儿童眼病及早发现并治疗的迫切性。     

1989及2000年北京盲校病因及视力调查对比分析

目的：探讨北京盲校相隔11年盲因及残余视力的变化，为防治儿童盲提出依据，并对我国盲校盲童及低视力分斑教学可行的性进行评估。方法：应用眼科常规检查方法对北京盲校学生进行全面的眼科检查，全部视力检查结果均为矫正视力，并对1989年及2000年两次调查结果进行比较与评估。结果：在病因方法，1989年与本次2000年调查结果显示，先天性／遗传因素均为主要致病因素。分别占总例数的75．19％及73．91％，但主要致病因素在1989年为先天性白内障，到2000年降至第三位，可治盲由1989年的27．91％降至2000年的0．87％，可利用残余视力，1989年占总例数的61．24％，2000年占53．91％，2000年调查中，全部先无性青光眼均为术后病例，视力为光感及无光感者占76．47％，全部白内障术后无晶体中，视力为光感及无光感者占23．08％。结论：1989年第一位致无天性白内障变为2000年的第三位病因先天性白内障／无晶体，说明近年来白内障手术较前更为普及，可治盲由1989年的27．91％下降到2000年的0．87％，说明近年对患儿的眼科服务明显优于以往，但先天性青光术后及白内障术后无晶体无有用视力者，分别为76．47％及23．08％，说明提高以上两种常见儿童致盲眼的手术成功率，尤其是先天性青光眼，对防治儿童盲是十分重要的，两次调查结果显示，可利用残余视力患者均超过总例数的1／2，说明盲校的低视力分班教学仍是十分必要的。     

上海市原闸北区2010-2017年视力残疾分析

目的：调查上海市原闸北区视力残疾的分布特点,为精准化的视力残疾人群康复服务指导提供依据。方法：基于医院的观察研究。根据WHO标准,收集2010年8月至2017年3月在上海市静安区市北医院接受视力残疾评定的人群,残疾评定由经培训的眼科专科医师完成,以确定残疾的等级和主要致残原因。采用卡方检验进行数据分析。结果：本研究最终纳入1 682例,导致盲和低视力的视力残疾的前5位疾病分别是：高度近视性视网膜病变36.38%（盲90例、低视力522例）,黄斑病变13.56%（盲38例、低视力190例）,视网膜脱离9.39%（盲38例、低视力120例）,青光眼9.27%（盲42例、低视力114例）,视神经病变5.95%（盲12例、低视力88例）。同一视力残疾等级不同居住街道人群的构成比存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。结论：导致上海市原闸北区视力残疾的首位致残病因是高度近视性视网膜病变,而在辖区内的不同街道视力残疾的分布状况存在显著差异。     

陕西省盲校盲童致盲原因调查分析

目的:了解陕西省儿童盲和严重视力损害的原因,以确定潜在的可预防性和可治疗性因素。方法:参照世界卫生组织儿童视力障碍检查法,2004-06对陕西省某盲校33名盲童的盲及低视力情况进行调查,分析其致盲原因。结果:33名盲童中2名为严重视力损害(6.06%),31名为盲(93.94%)。最常见致盲解剖部位依次为视网膜(36.37%)、青光眼(24.24%)、晶状体(15.15%)、视神经(9.09%)、角膜(9.09%)和全眼球(6.06%)。先天和遗传因素为盲校学生致盲致残的主要原因,占90.91%;后天性占9.09%。视网膜色素变性、先天性青光眼和先天性白内障等为主要原因,占先天因素的70%。可避免性盲16例(48.48%),其中可预防者3例(9.09%),可治疗性者13例(39.39%)。结论:营养性和感染性致盲已较少见,先天和遗传性因素是目前陕西省儿童盲的主要原因。     

The most frequent causes of loss or impairment of vision in children and adolescents]

On the basis of examination of 100 persons aged 3-18 years registered in the Olsztyn Division of the Union of the Blind the authors determined the causes which led to the loss of vision or of its impairment. The most frequent cause of the invalidism of the visual system were: errors of refraction (32%), optic atrophy (24%), congenital cataract (16%), retinal and choroidal degeneration (9%), retrolental fibroplasia (6%), anophthalmia or malformation of the globe (4%), coloboma of the iris or choroid (3%), retinoblastoma (3%), injuries (2%) and congenital glaucoma (1%).     

Blindness and eye disease in Cambodia

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence and etiology of blindness and low vision and to assess the prevalence of common eye diseases in central Cambodia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, population-based study, 6,558 residents of Kandal Province, Cambodia were registered, and 5,803 (88.5%) were interviewed and examined. This house-to-house survey was conducted by a team consisting of a senior ophthalmologist, a Cambodian eye doctor, and eight Cambodian eyecare workers. RESULTS: The prevalence of bilateral blindness (visual acuity <3/60) is 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.4), and an additional 4.4% (95% CI, 3.9-5.0) have low vision (visual acuity < 6/18, > or =3/60 in the better eye). The major causes of bilateral blindness are cataract (67.4%), phthisis (6.1%), uncorrected refractive error (6.1%), corneal scar (5.3%), uncorrected aphakia (3.0%), trachoma corneal scar (3.0%), optic atrophy (3.0%), and others (6.1%). The major causes of low vision are uncorrected refractive error (49.8%) and cataract (42.7%). The prevalence of unilateral blindness is 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9-1.4), often caused by cataract, corneal scar, or phthisis. Trauma due to landmine explosions and war-related injuries was frequently the underlying etiology in subjects with phthisis, corneal scarring, or other pathology.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in Cambodia is relatively high compared to other developing countries. Most of the causes of blindness and low vision are treatable or preventable. Landmines and other war-related injuries are an important cause of ocular injury. These results will assist in developing a national plan for the prevention of blindness in Cambodia.     

天津郊县盲及低视力眼病调查分析

目的:调查低视力门诊盲及低视力眼病患病情况,获得流行病学资料。方法:2006-08/2007-07对来我院低视力门诊普查的天津郊县6209例行眼科检查并进行检查结果统计分析。结果:全部对象中盲及低视力患者326例(5.25%),其中白内障98例(1.58%),青光眼82例(1.32%),角膜病42例(0.68%),视神经萎缩31例(0.50%),糖尿病视网膜病变14例(0.23%),弱视10例(0.16%),原发性视网膜脱离8例(0.13%),老年性黄斑变性6例(0.10%),其它(包括:眼部炎症、外伤、视网膜中央静脉阻塞、视网膜色素变性)35例(0.56%)。结论:低视力和盲的门诊患病率随年龄增长而增高,白内障和青光眼是致盲的主要原因。现阶段白内障手术仍为防盲治盲工作重点,同时应加强卫生宣传及基层眼病普查制度。     

Blindness and Eye Disease in Cambodia

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and etiology of blindness and low vision and to assess the prevalence of common eye diseases in central Cambodia. Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based study, 6,558 residents of Kandal Province, Cambodia were registered, and 5,803 (88.5%) were interviewed and examined. This house-to-house survey was conducted by a team consisting of a senior ophthalmologist, a Cambodian eye doctor, and eight Cambodian eyecare workers. Results: The prevalence of bilateral blindness (visual acuity <3/60) is 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–1.4), and an additional 4.4% (95% CI, 3.9–5.0) have low vision (visual acuity < 6/18, ≥3/60 in the better eye). The major causes of bilateral blindness are cataract (67.4%), phthisis (6.1%), uncorrected refractive error (6.1%), corneal scar (5.3%), uncorrected aphakia (3.0%), trachoma corneal scar (3.0%), optic atrophy (3.0%), and others (6.1%). The major causes of low vision are uncorrected refractive error (49.8%) and cataract (42.7%). The prevalence of unilateral blindness is 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9–1.4), often caused by cataract, corneal scar, or phthisis. Trauma due to landmine explosions and war-related injuries was frequently the underlying etiology in subjects with phthisis, corneal scarring, or other pathology.Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in Cambodia is relatively high compared to other developing countries. Most of the causes of blindness and low vision are treatable or preventable. Landmines and other war-related injuries are an important cause of ocular injury. These results will assist in developing a national plan for the prevention of blindness in Cambodia.     

Causes of blindness and visual impairment in the West of Scotland

AIMS: To determine the overall reported incidence and causes of registrable blindness and visual impairment in the West of Scotland and any trends that have occurred in the previous 16 years since data from the same area were published. METHODS: Data for analysis were obtained from BP1 registration forms returned to the Resource Centre for the Blind serving the Strathclyde region in the West of Scotland between 1 April 1996 and 31 March 1997. RESULTS: A total of 1595 visually handicapped people were registered during the study year. Of these, 99 forms (6.2%) were excluded from further analysis because of insufficient information. The remaining 1496 completed BP1 Forms were in respect of 530 males and 966 females. Of these, 253 males and 450 females were legally blind (total 703 or 47.0%) and 277 males and 516 females were partially sighted (total 793 or 53.0%). The five leading causes of blindness, in decreasing frequency, were age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, myopic degeneration, and optic atrophy. ARMD and diabetic retinopathy were the most common causes of blindness in those over 65 years and persons of working age, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In adults, cataract is no longer a significant cause of registrable visual impairment. The proportions of registrations owing to glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and myopia have not significantly changed since 1983 and the proportion owing to macular degeneration has increased. In children, congenital glaucoma, cataract, and corneal infection were no longer causes of registration, but impairment of vision caused by brain damage is now a significant contributor.