孤独症患儿父母的依恋特征

【目的】 探讨孤独症患儿父母的依恋特征。 【方法】 采用横断面调查研究。用亲密关系经历量表、关系问卷及自制调查表对68例孤独症患儿父母及136名正常儿童的父母进行问卷调查,对照研究。 【结果】 两组父亲依恋类型分布差异无统计学意义(χ²=4.574,P>0.05),两组母亲依恋类型分布差异无统计学意义(χ²=4.294,P>0.05)。孤独症患儿父亲在依恋焦虑维度得分明显高于正常对照组,但两组差异无统计学意义(t=1.958,P>0.05),在依恋回避维度得分两组父亲差异无统计学意义(t=0.309,P>0.05);在依恋焦虑和回避维度得分两组母亲差异均无统计学意义(t_焦虑=0.667;t_回避=0.968,P>0.05)。 【结论】 孤独症患儿父母的依恋类型分布与正常儿童父母的依恋类型分布无差异。     

青春期精神分裂症首发患者人格特征与父母养育方式相关性研究

目的探讨青春期精神分裂症首发患者人格特征、父母养育方式及两者的相关关系。方法选择2012年5月—2013年5月收治的青春期精神分裂症首发患者36例作为研究组,同期另选健康对照者36例作为对照组。采用艾森克个性问卷(幼年版)(Eysenck personality questionnai,EPQ)及父母养育方式评价量表(egma minnen av bardndomuppforstran,EMBU)评估两组的人格特征及父母养育方式。计量资料采用t检验,人格特征与父母养育方式的关系采用Pearson相关分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究组的精神质、神经质两个维度评分值分别为(8.66±2.89)、(13.22±4.48)分,均显著高于对照组的(7.19±2.12)、(10.86±3.10)分;研究组内-外向维度评分为(7.75±3.52)分,显著低于对照组的(9.86±3.62)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。研究组的母亲情感温暖、理解与父亲情感温暖、理解两个因子的评分分别为(49.14±9.24)、(46.67±9.56)分,均低于对照组的(55.25±9.51)、(54.13±9.09)分,研究组父亲惩罚、严厉因子评分为(18.14±3.47)分,高于对照组的(16.50±2.74)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。研究组精神质与父亲惩罚、严厉因子呈显著正相关,与母亲情感温暖、理解、父亲情感温暖、理解两项因子均呈显著负相关。内-外向与母亲情感温暖、理解因子呈显著正相关。神经质与父亲惩罚、严厉因子呈显著正相关。结论青春期精神分裂症首发患者人格特征与正常对照存在差异,其人格特征与父母不良养育方式可能存在相关性。     

孤独症儿童临床问题与父母心理健康状况的相关性研究

【目的】 探讨孤独症儿童的相关临床问题对父母心理健康状况的影响,为其康复治疗营造更有利的家庭环境。 【方法】 对34例孤独症儿童和32例正常儿童分别进行Gesell发育商测试、孤独症行为检核表(autism behavior checklist ,ABC)及社会生活能力(S-M)评估。使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对上述儿童的父母进行心理健康状况的评定。 【结果】 孤独症儿童的ABC分值高于对照组,Gesell及S-M得分低于对照组(P＜0.01)。孤独症父母的SCL-90总分及多项因子得分高于正常对照组(P＜0.05)。孤独症儿童发育商与父母的SCL-90抑郁因子呈负相关, ABC得分与父母的SCL-90总分及多项因子得分等呈正相关。 【结论】 孤独症儿童异常行为及发育落后对父母心理健康状况有一定影响。应加强父母心理干预,为其提供更多的支持和帮助。     

父母教养方式与儿童人格特征相关研究

目的:探讨父母教养方式与儿童人格特征的关系。方法:用父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评定郑州市1015例儿童,并对父母教养方式与儿童人格特征作相关分析。结果:父母的温暖理解与EPQ的内外向因子正相关,惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、过分干涉与EPQ的情绪稳定性、精神质因子负相关。结论:父母教养方式是影响子女人格特征发展的重要因素,过多使用负性情感易使子女出现不良人格特征。     

犯罪青少年人格特征与父母教养方式研究

目的 了解犯罪青少年的人格特征,探索犯罪青少年人格与父母教养方式之间的关系.方法 采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和父母教养方式量表(EMBU),调查275名犯罪青少年人格特征及父母教养方式,将犯罪青少年人格特征与全国常模进行比较分析,对犯罪青少年人格特征与父母教养方式进行相关分析.结果 犯罪青少年在4个维度上的测验结果与全国常模都存在显著差异,其中外倾性、神经质和精神质维度的得分显著高于常模,而掩饰性的得分显著低于常模.神经质与父母惩罚严厉、过干涉过保护、拒绝否认呈正相关;掩饰性与父母惩罚严厉和母亲拒绝否认呈负相关.结论 父母教养方式对犯罪青少年的人格特征有重要的影响,预防青少年的人格问题需要父母采取良好的教养方式.     

成年男性暴力型罪犯人格特征与父母教养方式的相关性

目的分析和探讨父母教养方式对暴力型罪犯人格的影响。方法采用人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)对176名暴力型罪犯(研究组)及189名普通人群(对照组)进行调查,分析父母教养方式对人格诊断总分的影响。结果人格障碍研究组总评分(41.38±13.05)高于对照组(26.15±14.16),且各分型得分亦高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。家庭教养的方式评分中,父母情感温暖、理解、父亲过度保护得分低于对照组,父母的惩罚严厉、父母的拒绝否认得分高于对照组(P值均0.05);研究组的人格诊断问卷总分与父母的情感温暖、理解呈负相关(r为-0.376、-0.329,P值均0.05),与父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、父亲的过分干涉、过分保护及母亲的偏爱呈正相关(r=0.154～0.363,P0.05);研究组的多元线性回归显示父母亲的情感温暖及理解、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认一定程度上影响暴力型罪犯人格特征的形成(P值均0.05)。结论暴力型罪犯人格存在明显偏离,与不良的养育方式有一定关系。     

父母养育方式与大学生人格特征关系调查

目的研究父母养育方式和大学生人格特征之间的关系.方法采用父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）和卡特尔16种人格因素问卷（16PF）对146名大学生进行问卷调查;使用SPSS 10.0软件对所得数据进行分析处理.结果（1）父母养育方式和人格特征上均存在性别差异.（2）积极养育方式有助于大学生形成优良的个性品质,而消极的教育方式与大学生不良人格特质有关.（3）母亲比父亲对子女的人格形成有更多影响.结论父母教育方式在儿童人格形成的过程中发挥着重要作用.     

父母教养方式对精神分裂症患者人格特征及精神症状的影响

目的探讨父母教养方式对精神分裂症患者人格特征和精神症状的影响,为确立科学的教养方式、以提高其防治水平提供依据。方法采用父母教养方式评估量表、中国人人格问卷、简明精神症状量表对93名精神分裂症患者和93名健康者进行问卷调查,分析不同教养方式与患者人格特征、精神症状的关系。结果 (1)患者组父母教养方式中的情感温暖理解因子得分明显低于对照组(P0.05);(2)患者组父亲教养中的惩罚严厉、偏爱、拒绝否认得分明显高于对照组(P0.05);(3)患者组母亲教养方式中的过分干涉、偏爱、拒绝否认得分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。(4)精神分裂症患者人格特征和精神症状与父母教养方式的一些因子相关。结论父母教养方式对精神分裂症患者人格特征和精神症状有一定影响。     

儿童孤独症父母干预探究

针对儿童孤独症治疗原则之一,也就是家庭参与,让父母也成为治疗的合作者或参与者的实验研究进行深入探讨,以期为儿童孤独症的治疗提供有益的基础数据。     

孤独症患儿父母压力和情绪变化及相关因素

【目的】 探讨孤独症患儿父母压力和情绪变化及其相关因素。 【方法】 采用父母压力指数量表(PSI)、孤独症行为量表(ABC)、孤独症评定量表(CARS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对孤独症患儿父母进行评定;采用PSI、SDS和SAS量表对正常儿童父母进行评定。 【结果】 1)孤独症患儿父母PSI总分及各分量表分均显著高于正常儿童父母(P=0.000);2)患儿父、母亲SDS和SAS分均显著高于正常儿童父母(P= 0.000)。患儿母亲SDS和SAS分均高于患儿父亲得分(P=0.000),患儿母亲抑郁发生率高于父亲(P=0.000);3)患儿父母的压力与患儿症状严重度正相关(P<0.01);4)多元回归结果表明孤独症患儿ABC量表分、孤独症患儿母亲的焦虑以及患儿年龄影响孤独症儿童父母压力,解释了总变异的54.9%。 【结论】 孤独症患儿父母承受着较高的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平,孤独症患儿母亲比患儿父亲及正常儿童父母更易发生抑郁,患儿行为问题是父母压力的主要影响因素。     

孤独谱系障碍患儿症状及行为学表现与父母情绪障碍相关研究

目的研究孤独谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿的症状特点、心理问题及对父母情绪障碍的影响。方法分别使用孤独症行为量表和长处与困难问卷对593名患儿进行行为学表现和心理评估,同时使用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表评估患儿父母的情绪障碍表现。结果在情绪及多动注意不能和困难总分方面,高年龄组的患儿表现出了更多的困难(F=4.361,P=0.013;F=16.029,P=0.000;F=9.638,P=0.013),同时在亲社会行为方面,高年龄组则表现更好(F=11.052,P=0.000);无论在焦虑或是抑郁障碍,母亲更易患情绪障碍(χ2=15.893,P=0.000;χ2=27.592,P=0.000);父母的抑郁,焦虑情绪与ASD患儿的多个行为学表现维度相关,并直接受症状严重程度的影响。结论ASD患儿行为学表现在不同年龄段表现不同,体现在情绪、多动注意不能及亲社会行为方面;母亲往往比父亲更易患有情绪障碍,父母亲的情绪障碍受ASD患儿的多个行为表现维度影响,应引起注意。     

Medical care experiences of children with autism and their parents: A scoping review

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families may benefit from the provision of additional supports in health care settings, particularly when preparing for and attending medical appointments. This review examined literature that describes experiences in medical care settings from the perspective of patients under age 18 with ASD and their caregivers. A scoping review was conducted to examine the experiences of children with ASD and their families in medical care settings. Twenty‐nine studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed. The review indicated a number of challenges (e.g., parent‐reported problems in parent‐provider communication and overwhelming environments) as well as factors that facilitate positive experiences (e.g., providing positive reinforcement and explaining exam steps) during medical appointments. Children with ASD and their families are faced with many challenges while receiving care in medical settings. The present review identified many challenges families face, as well as facilitators of positive experiences. Understanding the unique experiences of patients with ASD and their parents will help to improve experiences in medical care settings for children, caregivers, and health care providers.     

A meta-synthesis of how parents of children with autism describe their experience of accessing and using routine healthcare services for their children

In order to present a greater understanding to parental experiences of supporting their child with autism to access healthcare services, a systematic review of qualitative research was undertaken, addressing the review question: ‘How do parents of children with autism describe their experiences of utilising routine healthcare services?’. After a systematic search and selection process, 12 studies were identified and appraised independently by paired reviewers using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Data were synthesised by two reviewers in line with the Joanna Briggs Approach for meta-aggregation. The 12 studies included in this review (spanning 2012–2020), represented the voices of 240 parents. The synthesis resulted in the following synthesised finding (based on four categories that emerged from the original studies' themes): parents report challenges in accessing and use of mainstream health services, for their child with autism, due to not having a voice, inadequate communication and lack of understanding from health service providers. This review raises our awareness of parents' experiences of healthcare services and will assist healthcare practitioners to reconsider their own communication style, understanding and approach with children with autism and their families. From these findings, we recommend that healthcare practitioners more readily incorporate parents' contributory expertise into healthcare visits. These recommendations will help facilitate effective, supportive and positive healthcare experiences for all involved.     

A meta‐synthesis of how parents of children with autism describe their experience of advocating for their children during the process of diagnosis

The diagnostic process for children with autism can be complex for parents to navigate as they advocate for their child in order to obtain answers to their concerns, and receive the subsequent support they need. Gaining an understanding of parents’ experiences during this process, will assist service providers in supporting families adequately. This systematic review was undertaken to consolidate in‐depth qualitative data from parents of their experience of advocating for their child with autism, during the process of diagnosis. A qualitative meta‐synthesis was conducted, whereby fifteen databases were systematically searched. Twenty‐two studies were identified and appraised using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data were synthesised into themes through the steps of review, meta‐aggregation, integration, and interpretation. The date range of the included studies spans 1999–2016. The voices of 1,178 parents are presented in this review describing their experiences in two overarching themes: “Pathway to diagnosis—Confusion and not feeling heard”; and “Pursuing diagnosis—Resilience and commitment.” Each one of these main themes had sub‐themes. Our findings highlight the intense emotional journey for parents during identification of their initial concerns and the formal process of diagnosis, and their perceptions of not being supported by others on this journey. This review illustrates the significant impact that positive experiences with first‐line professionals have during the process of diagnosis, and how these experiences lay the foundation for all future relationships with other service providers. As a result, awareness of parents’ experiences will assist service providers to reconsider their communication style, information sharing, provision of support and to incorporate parents’ contributions in facilitating a more streamlined and more supportive process of diagnosis.     

孤独症儿童家长的应对方式与心理健康的相关性研究

目的探讨孤独症儿童父母的应对方式与心理健康的关系,为孤独症儿童的康复治疗营造更有利的家庭环境。方法使用90项症状清单、应对方式问卷对72例孤独症儿童的父母和64例健康儿童父母进行对照研究。结果研究组"解决问题"的应对方式少于对照组,幻想、退避的应对方式多于对照组,差异有统计学意义。多因素回归分析的结果显示应对方式对SCL-90的总分及各因子均有影响。结论孤独症儿童父母易出现心理健康问题,他们的应对方式会增加出现强迫状态、人际关系敏感、恐怖等精神症状的危险。     

ASD儿童父母的亲职压力及心理影响因素研究

目的 探讨孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童父母的亲职压力及心理影响因素.方法 选取2014至2015年由福建省福州儿童医院心理科和福建医科大学附属协和医院儿童神经专科高年资主治以上医师确诊、并其父母完成问卷调查的ASD儿童134例,采用亲职压力指标简表(包括父母困扰、亲子失功能及困难儿童3个分量表)、一般自我效能感量表、特质应对方式问卷对134名ASD儿童父母(实验组)进行调查,同时对115名正常儿童父母(对照组)施测,对结果进行分析.结果 实验组亲职压力总分及各维度得分均高于对照组(t =8.40 ～9.95,P＜0.05);实验组一般自我效能感低于对照组(t=-6.61,P＜0.05),且采用更多的消极应对方式和更少的积极应对方式(t值分别为6.39、-4.72,P＜0.05).相关分析显示:ASD儿童父母的亲职压力与消极应对呈正相关(r=0.328,P＜0.01),ASD儿童父母的亲职压力总分、父母困扰及困难儿童得分与患儿父母一般自我效能感均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.222、-0.251、-0.177,P＜0.05).结论 ASD儿童父母普遍存在较高水平的亲职压力,其亲职压力与家长的一般自我效能感及消极应对方式有关.     

初中学生心理健康与家长个性、心理健康的相关性研究

【目的】　了解初中学生心理健康与其家长个性、心理健康的相关性 ,为初中生心理健康维护提供科学依据。　【方法】　采用自编一般情况调查表 ,精神症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ )分别对学生及其家长进行调查。　【结果】　初中生有轻度、中度及以上心理问题者所占比例分别为 3 5 .8%、12 .7%;中学生心理健康水平与母亲的心理健康水平、母亲的内外向性格有相关及回归关系 ;与父亲的心理健康水平及个性特点无相关性。中学生心理健康总分的遗传度为 13 .2 %。　【结论】　重视与加强中学生家长 ,尤其是母亲的心理健康维护是促进中学生心理健康的重要途径