膦氧氮丙啶对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性研究

膦氧氮丙啶(phosphine oxide,MAPO)对AMS雄性小鼠经口染毒60天,与正常雌鼠交配后,雄鼠染毒剂量≥10ppm时其生育率为0％,阴性对照及MAPO1ppm组雄鼠生育率为100％。对小鼠附睾精子数量检测,MAPO10ppm和100ppm组的精子数量分别为0.62和0.51×10~6/ml/10g附睾,明显低于对照组(2.59×10~6/ml/10g附睾)和MAPO1ppm组(2.06×10~6/ml/10g附睾),仅存的精子活动度极差,绝大多数是伴有畸形的死精子。畸形精子中以无定形等头部畸形居多。结果表明,MAPO对哺乳类动物也是一种雄性不育剂,对雄性小鼠生殖细胞具有潜在诱变危害。     

玉米赤霉醇染毒对雄性小鼠睾丸及生精功能的影响

目的研究玉米赤霉醇对小鼠生精功能的影响及可能机制。方法选择健康性成熟的雄性昆明种小鼠40只,随机分为对照组和染毒组(玉米赤霉醇25、50、100mg/kg),连续灌胃染毒35天后脱臼处死。检测睾丸、附睾、精囊腺重量及脏器系数,附睾尾精子数、精子的形态结构及活力,并观察睾丸组织病理学改变。结果玉米赤霉醇各染毒组小鼠的精囊腺系数及精子计数均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);50、100mg/kg组精子活动率下降,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);睾丸组织有明显的病理改变,生精上皮细胞排列疏松、紊乱,层次减少,成熟精子数明显减少。结论在本实验剂量条件下,玉米赤霉醇对小鼠生精功能有毒性作用。     

原花青素对氨基脲染毒小鼠精子质量损伤的修复作用

目的 探讨原花青素（PC）对氨基脲（SEM）染毒小鼠精子质量损伤的修复作用. 方法 50只清洁级成年雄性昆明种小鼠按体重随机平分成5组（10只/每组）：溶剂对照组、SEM染毒组、SEM染毒加低、中、高剂量PC保护组.溶剂对照组小鼠灌胃去离子水;SEM染毒组小鼠按56.25 mg/kg·bw剂量灌胃SEM溶液;低、中、高剂量PC保护组小鼠分别按100、200、400 mg/kg· bw剂量灌胃PC溶液.除溶剂对照组灌胃等体积的去离子水外,其它每组均上午灌胃SEM、下午灌胃PC,每天1次,实验时间均为6周.实验结束后取血后处死动物,分离双侧睾丸、附睾测定相关指标. 结果 SEM染毒组小鼠体重及睾丸、附睾脏器系数均低于溶剂对照组（P＜0.05）;经不同剂量PC保护后,PC高剂量保护组小鼠体重及附睾、睾丸脏器系数均分别高于SEM染毒组（P＜0.05）;与溶剂对照组比较,SEM染毒组小鼠精子畸形率增加,精子数目、活动度降低（P＜0.05）;经高剂量PC保护后小鼠精子数目、活动度均较SEM染毒组增加,畸形率减少（P＜0.05）,精子畸形以折体、弯颈、卷尾、不定型、双头、胖头为主;SEM染毒组SOD降低,MDA升高;与染毒组比较高剂量PC保护后SOD升高,MDA降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）. 结论 SEM对小鼠精子质量有损伤作用;400 mg/kg·bw剂量PC对SEM损伤小鼠精子质量有较好的修复作用,PC作用机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

醋酸铅对小鼠精子毒作用和雄性生育力的影响

本文通过慢性经口染毒试验,观察了醋酸铅对雄性小鼠的精子形态、精子数量、精子运动能力和雄性生育力的影响,及生殖器官的组织病理学改变。结果表明,饲以1%醋酸铅饲料3个月可出现精于畸形率增高,血铅明显升高;2%醋酸铅可使精子运动能力下降,精子计数减少,睾丸出现轻度损伤;4%醋酸铅可影响雄性生殖机能,平均活胎数减少,总死胎率升高。提示醋酸铅对雄性小鼠生殖细胞有潜在的诱变能力,并能使雄性生育力降低。     

锰对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的研究

采用一组试验方法研究了硫酸锰对雄性小鼠生殖系统的影响。实验结果表明，硫酸锰能引起早期精细胞和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核发生率增加，精子数量减少，活动精子率下降，精子畸形率增高，精子尾部低渗肿胀率下降，血清睾酮含量下降，ＬＨ升高。本研究提示硫酸锰对哺乳动物雄性生殖细胞和体细胞有遗传损伤效应，对小鼠精子有毒性作用，并对血中性激素有影响．     

Comparative study of the effect of synthetic pyrethroids on the induction of genetic changes in mice somatic and sex cells depending on the exposure route

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in the protection of fruits and vegetables as well as in the public hygiene due to their strong neurotoxic activity against insects. The induction of genetic changes in somatic and sex cells in male mice after different routes of exposure to permethrin and fenvalerate was studied. The male 8-10 weeks old mice were intraperitoneally exposed to 20 and 40 mg/kg bw of fenvalerate and 125 and 250 mg/kg bw of permethrin. Another groups of mice were exposed per os to fenvalerate and permethrin in the doses of 50, 100 and 200, 400 mg/kg bw respectively. For the sperm anomalies testing the exposure was repeated for five consecutive days followed by the 35 days waiting period after which the gonads were removed and spermatozoa prepared from the epididymis. The changed spermatozoa were counted in the smears after staining in the 0.5% eosin Y solution and the results compared with the number of normal cells. For the testing of the effect of pyrethroids on the micronuclei frequency in the bone marrow cells the tested substances were administered twice in 24 hours intervals and the bone marrow was sampled after 6 and 24 hours from the femur bone. The polychromatic erythrocytes and the presence of micronuclei were evaluated in the bone marrow smears. The results showed the difference in the action of the pyrethroids on the genetic material of the tested cells and the effect of the route of exposure. Permethrin induced the lesions in the sex cells regardless the route of exposure, however a substantial increase in the micronuclei frequency in the bone marrow was observed after oral exposure only. No signs of cytotoxicity accompanied the sperm anomalies and micronuclei induction. Fenvalerate induced changes in sperm cells after intraperitoneal exposure only. No increase in the micronuclei frequency in the polychromatic erythrocytes of the bone marrow was observed after per os or intraperitoneal exposure. The intraperitoneal exposure to this pyrethroid resulted in cytotoxicity in both bone marrow and sex cells.     

壬基酚对小鼠生育力的影响研究

目的 研究壬基酚（NP）经口染毒对昆明种小鼠生育力的影响,并评价其生殖和发育毒性.方法 选择健康性成熟的清洁级的昆明种小鼠128只,体重22～26 g,随机分为24、60、120 mg/kg NP染毒组和1个花生油溶剂对照组,每组32只,雌雄各半.进行小鼠生育力试验.结果 从60 mg/kg组开始,精子计数、活精率、生育指数、妊娠率均随染毒剂量增加而下降,精子畸形率随剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;交配指数仅在120mg/kg组下降（P＜0.05）;从24mg/kg组开始,平均每窝黄体数、着床数、活胎数均随染毒剂量升高而下降,存在明显的剂量-效应关系（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;而着床前死亡率、吸收胎率、死胎率均随染毒剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 经口染毒壬基酚对小鼠产生明显的生殖和发育毒性.     

Induction of micronuclei in somatic cells of mice exposed to x-rays or nonylphenol and to a combination of both agents

The effects of X-rays, nonylphenol (NL) and combination of both agents on the induction of micronuclei in mouse somatic cells were investigated. Pzh: SFIS mice were exposed during 2 weeks, 5 days per week to X-rays (doses: 0.05 Gy, 0.10 Gy,0.20 Gy), nonylphenol (doses: 25 mg/kg bw NL, 50 mg/kg bw NL, 100 mg/kg bw NL) and to a combination of X-rays and nonylphenol (doses: 0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg bw NL, 0.10 Gy + 50 mg/kg bw NL). Samples from peripheral blood were taken 1 week after the start of exposure and 24 h after the end of exposure, whereas samples from bone marrow were taken 24 h after the end of exposure. Results obtained show that ionizing radiation, nonylphenol and combination of X-rays-NL in low doses induced micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow reticulocytes. In contrast combined exposure to higher doses of both agents caused reduction frequency of micronuclei in the comparison to effects of X-rays acting alone. In bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes the induction of micronuclei was enhanced after combined exposure to both agents in lower and higher doses.     

胚胎期暴露手机辐射对雄性仔鼠生殖功能影响

目的:探讨胚胎期暴露手机辐射对雄性仔鼠生殖功能影响。方法:建立胚胎期暴露手机辐射动物模型,将雄性仔鼠随机分为3组。饲养2个月后处死各组小鼠,分别测定各组实验动物睾丸体重系数、精子数量、精子存活率和精子活动率。结果:与对照组比较,胚胎期暴露不同制式手机辐射雄鼠体重系数和精子存活率之间差异不具有统计学意义;而精子数量和精子活动率低于对照组,且暴露于两种不同制式手机辐射组间差异不具有统计学意义。结论:胚胎期暴露手机辐射可致仔鼠精子数量减少,精子活动率降低。     

S型氯代甘油醇对雄性ICR小鼠生育力的影响

目的研究S型氯代甘油醇对雄性ICR小鼠生育能力及睾丸、附睾的组织病理学影响。方法雄性性成熟ICR小鼠64只,随机分为4组,每组16只。实验组分别给予1/40、1/20、1/10LD50(小鼠经口LD50117.54mg/kg)S型氯代甘油醇,对照组给予等体积双蒸水。连续灌胃染毒5天后,每组取4只雄鼠按雌/雄1∶1交配,此后每隔2天交配一次,持续2个月,观察S型氯代甘油醇对雄性小鼠交配指数和雄性生育力指数的影响。实验结束后,每组保留6只动物继续染毒至8个月后进行附睾精子计数和睾丸、附睾的组织病理学检查。结果①与对照组相比,染毒S型氯代甘油醇2个月未引起雄性ICR小鼠交配指数和雄性生育力指数显著降低(P>0.05);②染毒8个月未导致附睾精子数量显著降低(P>0.05),睾丸和附睾的组织病理学检查未见明显异常。结论低剂量长期染毒S型氯代甘油醇对雄性小鼠不具有抗生育作用。     

Study of sperm characteristics in persons occupationally exposed to lead.

The sperm characteristics of 38 male workers exposed to lead in a battery factory were studied. Sperm analysis was performed after 4 days of sexual abstinence. Parameters analyzed were: volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology. Exposure levels were estimated by measuring the concentration of lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid in the serum. Based on blood lead levels, the tested individuals were divided in three groups: A (12), B (11), and C (15). Significant levels of asthenospermia and teratospermia were found in exposed workers when compared with unexposed controls. Long-term exposure to lead may lead to changes in sperm characteristics and function.     

饮用水中2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌的体内急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的研究饮用水中2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌(2,6-DCBQ)对小鼠的急性毒性和遗传毒性作用。方法选择健康6~8周龄SPF级昆明小鼠进行试验。将50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照(玉米油)组和215、464、1 000、2 150 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组,每组10只,雌雄各半。采用一次性经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg。染毒后观察14 d,记录动物死亡数,计算其半数致死剂量(median lethal dose,LD50)。将50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照(玉米油)组和62.5、125和250 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组及阳性对照组(40 mg/kg环磷酰胺),每组10只,雌雄各半。采用灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg,两次灌胃间隔24 h;第二次灌胃后6 h,进行骨髓细胞微核试验。将50只雄性小鼠随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照(玉米油)组和62.5、125和250 mg/kg 2,6-DCBQ染毒组及阳性对照组(40 mg/kg环磷酰胺),每组10只。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为20 ml/kg,连续灌胃5 d。染毒后第35天,进行精子畸形试验。结果 2,6-DCBQ对雄性、雌性小鼠经口急性毒性的LD50分别为501 mg/kg(95%CI:344~730 mg/kg)和584 mg/kg(95%CI:430~794mg/kg)。不同剂量2,6-DCBQ染毒组小鼠的骨髓细胞微核率及精子畸形率与溶剂对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。各组PCE/NCE值均在正常范围内。结论 2,6-DCBQ对小鼠经口急性毒性属于低毒级,且未发现其具有遗传毒性。     

原花青素对氨基脲致雄性小鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用

目的观察原花青素(PC)对氨基脲(SEM)致雄性小鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用及作用机制。方法 50只KM雄性小鼠随机等分为5组:溶剂对照组、SEM染毒组、低、中、高剂量PC保护组。溶剂对照组灌胃去离子水;SEM染毒组先按56.25 mg/kg.bw SEM溶液灌胃染毒2周,再继续灌胃去离子水4周;3个剂量PC保护组,先分别灌胃PC 100、200、400 mg/kg.bw 4周,继续分别灌胃同剂量SEM溶液2周;以上各组动物均按10 ml/kg.bw体积灌胃每日1次,连续灌胃6周剖杀,取其血液和组织器官检测生殖相关指标。结果 PC保护组睾丸形态较SEM染毒组有所改善,且随PC剂量的加大改善较明显;低、中、高剂量PC组小鼠精子数、精子活动度较SEM组增加,畸形率降低;血清T、LH、FSH含量均高于SEM染毒组,SOD、GSH-PX活力上升、MDA、GSH含量下降与SEM染毒组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论适量PC可保护SEM对雄性小鼠亚慢性生殖系统的损伤;抗氧化损伤是PC保护SEM致生殖损伤的重要机制。     

CCl4诱发肝损伤过程中血液细胞免疫功能的变化

目的探讨化学性肝损伤对血细胞免疫功能的影响。方法36只健康且体重为27.80±0.73g雄性成年小鼠随机分成对照组和四氯化碳(CCl     

CHANGES IN SEMEN QUALITY IN JERUSALEM BETWEEN 1990 AND 2000: A CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDY

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sperm quality has changed during the years 1990-1999 among men residing in Jerusalem, Israel, who were involved in treatment by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed. A total of 2638 male partners in couples that underwent treatment by IUI participated in the cross-sectional investigation. Of them, 417 men (16%) were included in the longitudinal study. Total sperm counts and percent motility were evaluated on an annual basis to assess changes over 10 years from 1990 through 1999. A significant downward trend in sperm count and motility was demonstrated in the cross-sectional study. Sperm count decreased by 5.2×10 6 ±0.9×10 6 ( p <. 0001) each year and percent motility declined by 0.50±0.14% ( p =.0003). Similar changes were found in the longitudinal evaluation, but they were not statistically significant. These data suggest that during the last decade in Jerusalem, sperm count and motility declined significantly among men involved in infertile relationships and treated by IUI.     

Binary mixture of DDT and Arochlor1254: effects on sperm release by Danio rerio

A long-term toxicity test with zebrafish was carried out with different concentrations of DDT, Arochlor1254 (A54), and their 1:1 mixture under flow-through conditions. By collecting and counting the number of sperm released during separate mating events we observed that gametes are released asynchronously. Sperms are released in the form of sperm trails laid on the nest surface; subsequently active spermatozoa leave the trails and move in the water for several minutes. Sperm trails consist of bands of viscous material in which sperm are embedded. The water samples for the estimation of sperm presence were collected gradually within 180 min after 24 h, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months of exposure. It was established that the reductions in count, activity of sperm, and average life span of sperm trails were significant (P<0.05) at the tested concentrations, 5 and 50 microg/L after 1 month and 2 weeks of exposure to each chemical tested and to their mixture, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DDT and A54 could react synergically and increase the alteration in sperm release and activity as well as the life span of their trails.     

Semen collection from mice: electroejaculation

The effects of device type (electrostimulator, function generator or computer-generated waveforms), waveform (square, triangle or sine wave), probe type (ring or strip) and anaesthetic compound (ketamine/xylazine combination or pentobarbitone sodium) were investigated on electroejaculation (EEJ) responses of C57B1 x CBA and C57Bl/6J mice. Ejaculates were analysed for total sperm count and motility variables using computer-assisted sperm analyses. Automated computer-generated waveforms delivered through a sound card were more effective and reproducible compared with waveforms generated by function generator and electrostimulator. Sine waves and triangle waves were found to be more effective in producing ejaculate than square waves. As an anaesthetic, pentobarbitone sodium tended to outperform ketamine/xylazine across waveforms and strains. Strip probes failed to produce any ejaculate regardless of the device or waveform employed. Sperm obtained by EEJ exhibited poor motility and C5B1/6J mice had lower motility variables than C57BI x CBA mice.     

Semen quality in welders exposed to radiant heat.

Several studies suggest that welding is detrimental to the male reproductive system. Welding fume and radiant heat are of interest as possible causal factors. This study investigates semen quality and sex hormone concentrations among 17 manual metal arc alloyed steel welders with a moderate exposure to radiant heat (globe temperature ranging from 31.1 degrees to 44.8 degrees C), but without substantial exposure to welding fume toxicants. During exposure to heat the skin temperature in the groin increased on average by 1.4 degrees C (SE +/- 0.72 degrees C). Sperm count and motile sperm count were non-significantly reduced among welders in comparison with two different reference groups. Within the group of welders the proportion of sperm with normal shape declined significantly after six weeks of exposure to heat and increased after a break in exposure. Sperm count and sperm concentration had the same pattern of intraindividual change in relation to exposure to radiant heat, but the changes were not statistically significant. No consistent changes in concentrations of sex hormones were found. The welders investigated were more exposed to radiant heat than welders in general. The results suggest that the study group of welders experienced a reversible decrease in semen quality, most likely caused by a moderate exposure to radiant heat (about five hours a day through several weeks). It remains to be established if even lower levels of exposure to radiant heat in the general population of welders has any impact on semen quality and fertility.     

Semen quality in welders exposed to radiant heat.

Several studies suggest that welding is detrimental to the male reproductive system. Welding fume and radiant heat are of interest as possible causal factors. This study investigates semen quality and sex hormone concentrations among 17 manual metal arc alloyed steel welders with a moderate exposure to radiant heat (globe temperature ranging from 31.1 degrees to 44.8 degrees C), but without substantial exposure to welding fume toxicants. During exposure to heat the skin temperature in the groin increased on average by 1.4 degrees C (SE +/- 0.72 degrees C). Sperm count and motile sperm count were non-significantly reduced among welders in comparison with two different reference groups. Within the group of welders the proportion of sperm with normal shape declined significantly after six weeks of exposure to heat and increased after a break in exposure. Sperm count and sperm concentration had the same pattern of intraindividual change in relation to exposure to radiant heat, but the changes were not statistically significant. No consistent changes in concentrations of sex hormones were found. The welders investigated were more exposed to radiant heat than welders in general. The results suggest that the study group of welders experienced a reversible decrease in semen quality, most likely caused by a moderate exposure to radiant heat (about five hours a day through several weeks). It remains to be established if even lower levels of exposure to radiant heat in the general population of welders has any impact on semen quality and fertility.     

快杀灵对雄性小鼠精子毒性的实验研究

[目的]研究快杀灵对雄性小鼠精子的毒性作用。[方法]用不同总剂量 (9.1mg/kg、18.2mg/kg、36.4mg/kg)快杀灵给小鼠经口连续灌胃10天染毒 ,于末次染毒后25d处死小鼠 ,称重睾丸、附睾 ,并计算精子活动度、精子数及畸形率。[结果]精子数量在18.2mg/kg、36.4mg/kg组与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P<0.01)。精子畸形率在36.4mg/kg组与对照组差异有显著性 (P<0.01) ,精子活动度在3个实验组与阴性对照组差异均有显著性 (P<0.01) ,睾丸、附睾重量与阴性对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0.01)。[结论]快杀灵对小鼠具有一定的精子毒性作用