原发性高血压患者窦性心率震荡和心率变异性的变化

目的 分析原发性高血压(EH)患者的窦性心率震荡(HRT)和心率变异性(HRV)的变化。方法 选取40例中度EH患者作为观察组,另选取40例健康体检者作为对照组。两组患者均进行24 h的动态心电图(DCG)检查。比较两组患者HRV时域分析指标[24 h内正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、RR间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值均方根(RMSSD)、24 h相邻RR间期差值超过50 ms的比例(PNN50)]、HRV频域分析指标[低频(LF)、高频(HF)、LF/HF]、HRT分析指标[震荡初始值(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)]。结果 观察组PNN50(5.96±1.03)%、RMSSD(31.22±4.53)ms、SDANN(90.11±14.22)ms、SDNN(102.02±19.44)ms、LF/HF(1.54±0.20)、HF(403.96±101.53)ms²、LF(622.10±254.80)ms²均低于对照组的(9.63±1.71)%、(47.71±6.07)ms、(127.50±20.61)ms、(138.25±21....     

缬沙坦对高血压及心率变异性影响的研究

目的:研究缬沙坦对高血压心率变异性的影响。方法:选择80例原发性高血压患者服用缬沙坦,分别在治疗前与治疗14周后进行动态心电图(DCG)及心率变异性(HRV)检查,并与对照组(40例)进行比较。结果:治疗后连续R-R间期标准差(SDNN),相邻R-R均方差(RMSSD),相邻R-R间期大于50ms百分数(PNN50)、高频功率(HF)值均明显上升;低频功率与高频功率比值(LF/HF)显著降低(P<0.01),结论:原发性高血压患者存在HRV下降,而缬沙坦在降压的同时,可提高HRV,改善自主神经功能失调。     

伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者心率变异性的影响

目的研究血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂伊贝沙坦(irbesartan)对原发性高血压患者心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响.方法29例原发性轻中度高血压患者,服伊贝沙坦(150～300mg·d-1,服8周,n=29)前后行24h动态心电图检查,分析心率功率谱时域和频域指标.结果伊贝沙坦使HRV时域指标SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、SDNNI和频域指标HF轻度增加,频域指标TF、LF和LF/HF明显减低,与治疗前比,频域指标有显著性差异.伊贝沙坦使收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)显著降低.结论伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者降压的同时,对心率变异性产生有益的作用.     

冠心病患者动态心电图心率变异性分析

目的分析冠心病患者心率变异性(HRV)各项指标改变差异的临床意义。方法以动态心电图中的时域指标SDNN(连续24 h内正常R-R间期的标准差)、SDANN(全程记录中每5 min正常R-R间期平均值的标准差)、RMSSD(相邻正常R-R间期差值的均方根)、PNN50(相邻R-R间期差值>50 ms百分比)等对200例健康者、501例冠心病患者的心率变异性进行对比研究,并比较2组患者心电图的频域指标总功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)。结果冠心病患者的24 h HRV时域指标明显低于健康对照,其频域指标LF、HF也显著下降。结论冠心病患者HRV降低,提示支配心脏的自主神经功能受损害。     

经导管冷冻球囊消融治疗阵发性心房颤动对心率变异性的影响

目的比较经导管射频消融和经导管冷冻球囊消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(房颤)对心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法 76例心律失常患者中,24例阵发性房颤患者行经导管冷冻球囊消融治疗(AF-CRYO组),26例阵发性房颤患者行经导管射频消融治疗(AF-RF组),26例阵发性室上性心动过速(室上速)患者行射频消融治疗(PSVT-RF组)。术前及术后3d内分别行24-h动态心电图检查,比较三组昼夜平均NN间期(MeanNN)、NN间期标准差(SDNN)、NN间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、相邻NN间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)、相邻NN间期差超过50ms的心搏数占NN间期总博数的百分比(pNN50)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)及低频高频功率比值(LF/HF)。结果所有患者顺利完成手术。与术前比较,术后3d,AF-CRYO组的MeanNN、SDNN、SDANN、LF、HF、LF/HF,AF-RF组MeanNN、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、pNN50、LF、HF、LF/HF和PSVT-RF组的MeanNN、SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD、pNN50、LF、HF均降低(P<0.05)...     

心电图心率变异性参数对急性心肌梗死患者预后的预测价值

目的：探讨心电图心率变异性(HRV)参数对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后的预测价值。方法：回顾性收集2021年10月—2022年12月收治的79例AMI患者的临床资料,根据患者预后情况分为存活组(65例)和病死组(14例),全部患者均接受心电图HRV检测,且病例资料、检查资料完整;对比两组心电图HRV相关参数[RR间期平均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值均方根(RMSSD)、窦性心搏RR间期标准差(SDNN)、0～0.40 Hz总频谱成分(TF)、0.14～0.30 Hz低频成分(LF)/0.15～0.40 Hz高频成分(HF)比值],分析心电图HRV参数预测AMI患者预后不良的风险价值。结果：病死组SDANN,RMSSD,SDNN,TF较存活组低,LF/HF较存活组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)发现,心电图HRV的SDANN,RMSSD,SDNN,TF,LF/HF参数单独及联合检测预测AMI患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)均>0.70,均有一定价值,其中联合检测预测价值最高。结论：心电图HRV参数对AMI患者预后有较高的预...     

脑卒中患者心率变异性特征研究

目的 观察脑卒中与非脑卒中患者的心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV),探讨脑卒中对HRV的影响.方法 选择2012年7月—2013年9月收治的72例脑卒中作为观察组,选择同期住院的非脑血管疾病患者80例作为对照组.对两组进行24 h的HRV监测,于入院后24 h和治疗1个月后分别进行监测,观察两组HRV的变化情况.结果 观察组在入院后24 h和治疗1个月后全程全部窦性R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、24 h内每5分钟时段窦性R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)、全程全部窦性R-R间期的平方根(rMSSD)、两个相邻R-R间期互差>50 ms的心跳次数所占分析信息间期内心搏数的百分比(PNN50)、总功率谱(TP)、低频功率谱(LF)、高频功率谱(HF)较对照组降低,LF/HF较对照组增高(P<0.05);观察组治疗1个月后SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50、TP、LF、HF较入院后24 h升高,LF/HF较入院24 h降低(P<0.05).观察组入院24 h日间和夜间HRV比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗1个月和对照组夜间HRV均高于日间(P<0.05);观察组治疗1个月后日间和夜间SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50、夜间LF、夜间HF并较入院24h时均显著升高,LF/HF、TP、日间LF、日间HF较入院24 h时降低(P<0.05).结论 脑卒中患者HRV昼夜间波动节律减弱或消失,植物神经功能受损严重,随着治疗时间的延长,迷走和交感神经间逐渐平衡调控,HRV节律逐步恢复.     

急性颅脑损伤后心率变异性情况的临床观察

目的研究急性颅脑损伤(ABI)患者伤后心率变异性(HRV)的变化及其意义。方法选择132例ABI患者作为实验组,入院即刻行动态心电图(AECG)检查。ABI组入院后5天仍存活的124例患者行再次AECG检查。另选择120例性别和年龄相仿的健康者作为对照组接受AECG检查。对3组HRV的时域和频域结果进行分析。结果与对照组相比,ABI患者入院即刻平均正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN);相邻R-R间期差的均方根(RMSSD);相邻R-R间期之差>50ms的心搏数占R-R间期总数的百分比(PNN50)、低频段功率(LF)及高频段功率(HF)等指标明显降低(P均<0.01);入院后5天组患者RMSSD、PNN50、LF、HF明显降低(P均<0.01),SDNN也表现为降低(P<0.05)。入院后5天组患者所有HRV指标明显恢复,与自身入院即刻检查结果相比差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论ABI患者伤后早期HRV明显下降,是伤后较为敏感的监测指标。     

培哚普利对充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响

目的:观察培哚普利对充血性心力衰竭(congestive heartfailure,CHF)心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响,以探讨培哚普利治疗CHF的可能机制.方法:选择24例CHF患者,测量治疗前后HRV各项指标的变化,并与22名健康志愿者进行对照.结果:治疗前CHF患者HRV所有成分除低频功率(LF)/高频功率(HF)外较正常对照者均显著下降(P＜0.001).治疗后培哚普利组正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)、节段平均R-R间期的标准差(SDANN)、总功率(TP)、极低频功率(VLF)、LF、HF增加非常显著(P＜0.01),相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)显著增加(P＜0.05),而标准差的平均值(SDNNindex)、相邻R-R间期差值大于50 ms记数占总R-R间期数的百分比(PNN50)有增加趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05);LF/HF有减小趋势,无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:培哚普利可以改善心脏自主神经功能的失衡,其作用机制可能与降低交感神经张力、增加迷走神经张力有关.     

原发性高血压患者心率变异性的临床分析

目的：探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者自主神经功能变化。方法：对43例原发性高血压患者和20例正常人进行Holter记录，分析对比心率变异性（heart rate variability,HRV)指标。结果：EH患者HRV的时域指标（SDNN、SDNNi、RMSSD）及频域指标（TP、LF、HF）较正常对照均明显降低（P＜0．001－0．05），以RMSSD、HF降低最为显著。EH患者LF／HF较正常对照明显升高（P＜0．05），SDANN与对照组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。EH患者中，重度高血压组的时域、频域的多项指标较轻、中度高血压组降低（P＜0．01－0．05）。极高危组的HRV多项指标亦较非极高危组减低（P＜0．01－0．05）。结论：原发性高血压患者存在迷走神经活性明显降低，同时伴有交感神经活性的相对增强。HRV的减低可能为预后不良的一个重要指标。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.