131 I治疗甲亢后早发甲低的临床分析

目的:分析^131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)后早发甲状腺功能减退(简称甲低)的临床特点和远期随访结果。方法:对145例^131I治疗甲亢后1年内出现甲低的患者进行临床分析，并对其中121例进行门诊长期随访，随访时间1—12年，平均5年。结果:①暂发性甲低组33例，占27．27％，其中1年内甲状腺功能恢复正常者21例，又甲亢者12例；远期随访显示，甲状腺功能正常者中有2例在5及10年后出现甲低，甲亢者中有3例在3个月-5年甲状腺功能恢复正常，2例在3个月及6年后出现永久性甲低。②永久性甲低组88例，占72．73％，其中93．18％(82例)在^131I治疗后1-6个月出现甲低，有临床症状者占86．36％(76例)，无临床症状者占13．64％(12例)；服用小剂量^131I(≤185MBq)者占82．95％(73例)。结论:早发甲低中72．73％为永久性甲低，后者中服用小剂量^131I治疗者多。暂发性甲低的转归不能用于预测以后的甲状腺功能。     

131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低相关因素的综合分析

目的综合分析Graves病131I治疗后发生早发甲状腺功能减退(简称甲低)的相关影响因素.方法收集310例Graves病行131I治疗患者的一般资料、临床观察资料、实验室检查及甲状腺功能检查等资料,采用聚类分析、因子分析、判别分析、多元回归分析等多因素分析方法进行回顾性统计学分析.结果①聚类和因子分析显示,在病程、疗程、发病情况及病情4项临床观察指标中,前3项相关程度高;在促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)与刺激甲状腺免疫球蛋白(TSI)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)与甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb)4项实验室测定指标中,前2项间及后2项间相关程度高,影响作用相似.②Fisher判别分析显示,在甲状腺质量、有效半衰期、最高吸131I率、患者服131I剂量和每克甲状腺组织给予平均131I剂量5项计量指标中,平均131I剂量因素对早发甲低的发生具有判别能力.③Logistic回归分析显示,在各项131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低的相关因素中,治疗前甲状腺质量、每克甲状腺组织给予131I的平均剂量、甲状腺最高吸131I率及TSI水平是治疗后出现早发甲低的影响因素.结论 131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低的发生可能受多种相关因素影响,在治疗前综合考虑各项影响因素,并对理论剂量适当调整,可在一定程度上减少早发甲低的发生率.     

儿童及青少年Graves病131I治疗后的随访研究

目的 探讨儿童及青少年Graves病131I治疗的随访结果.方法 对161例8～17岁儿童及青少年Graves病患者(男43例,女118例)进行131I治疗.甲状腺按其质量1.85～3.70 MBq/g给药,全疗程剂量范围74～1221 MBq,首次给药剂量中位数为185 MBq.随访24～104个月,平均(62±22)个月.结果 失访14例(8.70%),治愈98例(60.87%),好转9例(5.59%),甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)复发3例(1.86%),甲状腺功能减退症(简称甲减)37例(22.98%).随访期内未见患者生长发育受影响,亦无致癌致畸.131I治疗对患者及其后代无影响,除甲亢复发和甲减外没有其他不良反应和并发症.结论 131I治疗儿童及青少年甲亢安全有效.     

TRAb对甲状腺功能亢进症患者131I治疗后早发甲状腺功能减退症预后的影响

笔者观察和分析了甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)131I治疗后血清TRAb变化对早发甲状腺功能减退症(简称甲减)预后的影响,现将结果报道如下. 一、资料和方法 1.研究对象.131I治疗后出现早发甲减的Graves甲亢患者62例,其中男23例,女39例,年龄14 ～60岁,平均37.4岁.     

^131I治疗Craves病后早发甲低相关因素的综合分析

目的综合分析Graves病^131I治疗后发生早发甲状腺功能减退（简称甲低）的相关影响因素。方法收集310例Graves病行^131I治疗患者的一般资料、临床观察资料、实验室检查及甲状腺功能检查等资料，采用聚类分析、因子分析、判别分析、多元回归分析等多因素分析方法进行回顾性统计学分析。结果①聚类和因子分析显示，在病程、疗程、发病情况及病情4项临床观察指标中，前3项相关程度高；在促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）与刺激甲状腺免疫球蛋白（TSI）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）与甲状腺微粒体抗体（TMAb）4项实验室测定指标中，前2项间及后2项间相关程度高，影响作用相似。②Fisher判别分析显示，在甲状腺质量、有效半衰期、最高吸^131I率、患者服^131I剂量和每克甲状腺组织给予平均^131I剂量5项计量指标中，平均^131I剂量因素对早发甲低的发生具有判别能力。⑧Logistic回归分析显示，在各项^131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低的相关因素中，治疗前甲状腺质量、每克甲状腺组织给予^131I的平均剂量、甲状腺最高吸^131I率及TSI水平是治疗后出现早发甲低的影响因素。结论^131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低的发生可能受多种相关因素影响，在治疗前综合考虑各项影响因素，并对理论剂量适当调整，可在一定程度上减少早发甲低的发生率。     

131I治疗Graves甲亢专家共识（2010年）

前言 甲状腺功能亢进症（hyperthyroidism,简称甲亢）以Graves甲亢最多见,我国人群患病率约1.2%.Graves甲亢的主要治疗方法为抗甲状腺药物和131I治疗.近年来,用131I治疗Graves甲亢的患者呈增多趋势,为了进一步规范131I治疗,由多位核医学专家经多次共同商讨,数易其稿,历时2年,就有关131I治疗Graves甲亢临床相关问题形成此共识.     

甲亢131I治疗后早发甲低相关因素分析

目的：探讨甲状腺功能亢进症（简称甲亢）^131I治疗后早发甲状腺功能减退症（简称甲低）的相关因素。方法：240例甲亢患者行^131I治疗，观察各影响因素并记录完整，1年内随访，对可能与早发甲低有关的多个因素用向前逐步筛选变量法行Logistic回归判别分析，对各研究指标行单因素X^2检验。结果：①多因素分析结果示患者年龄、甲状腺质量、发病情况、吸碘率曲线形态、给予患者每克甲状腺组织的^131I剂等5个因素与早发甲低发生相关；单因素分析结果示甲状腺质量、最高吸碘率、甲亢患者所服^131I剂量等3个因素与早发甲低相关。②经检验，Logistic回归方程有统计学意义。③对研究对象行Logistic回归判别即回代检验，早发甲低发生与不发生的准确性分别为64.08％、78.83％，总准确性为72.50％。结论：分类估算和调整给药剂量是治愈甲亢、降低早发甲低发生率的关键；加强随访和必要时补充甲状腺激素是减少早发甲低发展成永久性甲低的重要措施。     

131I与抗甲状腺药物治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的综合评价

目的对131I和抗甲状腺药物(ATD)治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)进行综合评价,定量评价两种方法的优劣.方法甲亢治愈为0分,好转为1分,无效为2分;治疗后出现突眼或突眼加重、甲亢性心脏病(甲心病)、肝功能受损、血象降低者为2分;出现暂时性甲状腺功能减退症(甲低)者为1分,永久性甲低者为2分;甲亢治愈后复发者为2分;将各项得分和总分进行比较.结果 131I治疗组230例总得分319分,平均得分1.39,ATD治疗组250例总得分569分,平均得分2.20,两者差异有显著性(t=6.982,P<0.001);131I疗效优于ATD;发生突眼方面两者无差别,但ATD对突眼的改善优于131I;131I治疗后甲低的发生率高于ATD (χ2=55.65,P=0.001);甲亢治愈后复发明显低于ATD治疗,出现甲亢性心脏病、血象、肝功能受损等方面低于ATD (χ2=39.50,P<0.001).结论 131I治疗甲亢疗效优于ATD治疗,尽管有甲低、突眼等发生,但甲亢复发及出现其他系统损伤较ATD治疗少.     

131I治疗Graves甲亢疗效影响因素的研究

笔者探讨了 2 78例Graves甲状腺功能亢进症 (简称甲亢 )患者13 1I治疗疗效及其影响因素 ,现报道如下。一、资料与方法1 临床资料。 2 78例Graves甲亢患者 ,男 61例 ,女 2 17例 ,平均年龄 (3 8 5±8 9)岁 ;其中 2 0 1例曾服用抗甲状腺药物(ATD )治疗 ,效果不佳。本研究不包括曾行13 1I治疗或手术切除及重度突眼患者。均于 13 1I治疗前停用ATD或禁碘 3周以上 ,治疗后均未行ATD治疗。13 1I治疗剂量 (MBq) =预计给予的每克甲状腺组织实际吸13 1I的剂量 (2 96～ 4 44MBq)×甲状腺质量 (g) 甲状腺最高吸13 1I率 (% ) ,参考患者的病史、…     

131I治疗对Graves眼病转归的影响

目的 分析131I治疗后Graves甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)疗效与Graves眼病转归的相关关系,探讨131I治疗对Graves眼病转归的影响.方法 652例Graves甲亢合并Graves眼病的患者,均按照常规程序一次性给予治疗量的131I.服用131I前测量患者眼球突出度,并详细记录眼部症状和特征.治疗结束后定期随...     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.