早发型重度子痫前期妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期的临床特点及围生结局。方法:回顾性分析2006年6月至2009年6月四川大学华西第二医院收治的重度子痫前期患者413例,以发病孕周34周为界限,分为早发型重度子痫前期组156例(早发型组)及晚发型重度子痫前期组257例(晚发型组)。比较两组一般情况、并发症、分娩方式及围生儿结局等指标。结果:早发型组患者在终止妊娠孕周、延长孕周时间、住院时间、入院时血压、24小时尿蛋白、并发症发生率及围生儿结局等方面与晚发型组比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期患者病情严重,围生儿预后不佳,应根据母胎情况,适时剖宫产终止妊娠。     

24h尿蛋白对早发型重度子痫前期母婴结局的影响

目的:探讨24h尿蛋白定量高低及其变化对早发型重度子痫前期(PE)实施期待治疗母婴结局的影响。方法:回顾分析2008年1月至2013年12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院住院期待治疗并分娩、发病孕周(280/7~336/7周)的94例重度PE患者的临床资料。根据入院24h尿蛋白定量分为两组:I组5g(56例),II组≥5g(38例)。比较两组患者的临床特点及母婴结局。结果:Ⅰ、Ⅱ组患者的期待治疗时间分别为12.6和12.2天,85%患者经保守治疗后24h尿蛋白呈增长趋势。两组孕妇的严重并发症,包括胎盘早剥、HELLP综合征、低蛋白血症、胸腹水、FGR比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组均无DIC、子痫及孕产妇死亡发生。(3)围产儿结局中,出生体重、出生孕周、Apgar评分、NICU住院时间、并发症(颅内出血、支气管肺发育不良、坏死性小肠结肠炎)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅱ组的RDS发生率及入住NICU高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组围产儿死亡率均为5%。结论:对早发型重度PE伴蛋白尿的患者,不应将24h尿蛋白量或增长速率作为终止妊娠的单一指标,需结合孕周、临床症状、胎儿成熟度和实验室检查,在母体实施期待疗法条件良好的情况下,尽可能延长孕周以改善围生儿预后。     

早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期分娩方式及母婴结局分析

目的探讨早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期分娩方式及母婴结局。方法收集1977-2010年在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院产科住院的重度子痫前期患者4457例,其中早发型860例,晚发型3597例。回顾性分析其分娩方式及母婴结局。结果早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期剖宫产率分别为57.7%和36.9%,早发型明显高于晚发型(P=0.02);胎盘早剥是最常见并发症,在早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期发生率分别为6.7%和4.6%(P<0.05)。早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期围生儿死亡率分别为3.6%和2.2%(P<0.01)。特别是早发型妊娠34周前终止妊娠者,围生儿死亡率高达4.9%。结论子痫前期终止妊娠的主要方式为剖宫产术;发病孕周越早,母婴不良结局发生率越高。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗时间及妊娠结局

目的 探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗时间及其妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年1月,西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院收治的106例早发型重度子痫前期(≤32周)病例,按入院后期待治疗时间分为3组,A组(35例)治疗时间≤48h;B组(36例)治疗时间7～10d;C组(35例)治疗时间≥14d.比较不同期待治疗时间与妊娠结局的关系,包括围生儿结局及严重并发症发生情况.结果 (1)围生儿死亡情况:A组早产儿死亡6例(17.14%),B组2例(5.56%),C组2例(5.71%).A组早产儿病死率明显高于B、C组(P<0.01).(2)并发症发生率依次为胎盘早剥、肾功能衰竭、子痫.A、B、C 3组胎盘早剥发生率分别为:8.57%、8.33%及20%,肾功能衰竭及子痫发生率分别为:5.71%、5.56%及8.57%,上述指标C组均高于A、B组(P<0.05).结论 早发型重度子痫前期严密监测下期待治疗7～10d可明显降低围生儿死亡率,改善围生儿结局,而孕产妇并发症的发生率无明显增加.     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗妊娠结局的多因素分析

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中母儿不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素。方法对57例经期待治疗的早发型重度子痫前期孕妇的临床资料进行总结分析,按照有无孕妇及新生儿严重并发症（包括新生儿死亡）的发生分别分为孕妇不良妊娠结局组与对照组和新生儿不良结局组与对照组,分别比较两组患者的一般临床情况及各项检验指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析母儿不良妊娠结局的危险因素。结果57例早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中,16例孕妇出现严重并发症,发生率为16/57（28.1%）,无孕产妇死亡。胎死宫内3例,12例新生儿出现明显并发症,其中6例新生儿死亡,围产儿死亡率为9/57（15.8‰）。经多因素回归分析,发病孕周（以30周为界）及血小板减少是孕妇严重并发症发生的独立危险因素,比数比分别为5.2（95%CI 1.1-24.0,P=0.04）和4.6（95%CI 1.2-17.6,P=0.03）。分娩孕周（以32周为界）是新生儿病率及死亡率的独立危险因素,比数比为6.0（95%CI 1.5-24.9,P=0.01）。结论早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中需严密监护。发病孕周不足30周及血小板降低者孕妇严重并发症的发生显著增加,而分娩孕周超过32周,新生儿结局将显著改善,因此需权衡利弊,选择恰当时机终止妊娠。     

早发型重度子痫前期与脑卒中

早发型重度子痫前期相关的脑卒中的发病机制有血管反应及遗传因素导致细胞内皮功能障碍、自身免疫增强、脑血管自动调节功能破坏及高血压.脑卒中起病及发病后的临床表现与重度子痫前期及子痫的临床表现有重叠.MRI是妊娠期的首选头部影像学检查,CT及MRI基本可以明确颅内病变性质.其治疗应个体化,提倡定期的孕期检查.     

早发型重度子痫前期发病及母婴结局的临床分析

目的:分析不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期发病与母婴结局.方法:对127例早发型重度子痫前期病例进行回顾性分析,根据其孕周不同分为3组,即A组(孕周<28周)、B组(28周≤孕周<32周)、C组(32周≤孕周<34周),比较3组间孕产妇终止妊娠和保守治疗时间,并发症发生情况、围生儿存活情况、母亲死亡情况以及分娩方式.结果:3组间终止妊娠时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组保守治疗时间与A、C两组比较,A组并发症发生率与B、C两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组间围生儿死亡率(胎死宫内及新生儿死亡)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组胎儿生长受限和胎儿窘迫发生率与C组比较,B组胎儿生长受限发生率与C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组孕妇死亡率比较差异无统计学意义.结论:早发型重度子痫前期孕妇常伴有高并发症率和高围生儿死亡率,且孕周越小发生率越高,在保证孕妇安全下可采取保守治疗适当延长胎龄,以期达到胎儿成熟,降低围生儿死亡率,提高新生儿存活率.     

早发型重度子痫前期的诊治进展

早发型重度子痫前期是妊娠期特发的严重并发症,严重影响母婴预后。目前对本病的发生、发展及期待治疗做了大量的研究和探索,期待在保证母亲安全的基础上,最低限度地降低围生儿的病死率。现就早发型重度子痫前期的诊断、临床特点、发病机制及前期治疗等研究进展作一综述。     

早发型重度子痫前期对母婴预后的影响

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期对妊娠结局的影响.方法:回顾性分析我院收治的218例重度子痫前期患者(其中早发型组72例,晚发型组146例,围生儿235例)的母婴结局.结果:①早发型重度子痫前期患者收缩压为168.4±20.5 mmHg,舒张压为106.8±16.5 mmHg,高于晚发组159.4±15.9 mmHg和101.5±11.2 mmHg(P均＜0.05);早发型组治疗时间为4.0±3.7天,长于晚发型组(1.3±2.4)天(P＜0.01);早发型组分娩孕周为33.6±2.6周,早于晚发型组38.4±1.8周(P＜0.01);②早发型组母亲低蛋白血症的发生率55.6%,高于晚发型组34.3%(P＜0.01);早发型组母亲心功能不全、子痫、HELLP综合征、胎盘早剥、视网膜剥离、肾功能损害等严重并发症总发生率为26.4%,高于晚发型组14.3%(p＜0.05);③早发型纽围生儿体重低于晚发型组(P＜0.01),且早发型组围生儿中早产、FGR、新生儿窒息、转入NICU及围生儿死亡率均分别高于晚发型组(P均＜0.01);④早发型组中发病孕周越早,围生儿体重越低(P＜0.01),入住NICU率越高(P＜0.01),围生儿死亡率、FGR及早产发生率逐渐增加.结论:早发型重度子痫前期孕妇病情严重,围生儿预后不佳,且发病越早,围生儿预后越差.严格选择病例行短期的期待治疗是安全有效的.     

单胎妊娠重度子痫前期并发HELLP综合征26例临床分析

目的探讨重度子痫前期并发HELLP综合征对母儿结局的影响。方法 2008年10月至2011年10月北京大学人民医院收治重度子痫前期121例（双胎妊娠12例,单胎109例）,其中重度子痫前期并发HELLP综合征31例（双胎妊娠5例,单胎妊娠26例）,将26例单胎妊娠并发HELLP综合征患者为HELLP组;重度子痫前期未并发HELLP综合征90例（双胎妊娠7例,单胎妊娠83例）,将83例单胎妊娠未并发HELLP综合征患者为对照组。回顾性分析HELLP组和对照组孕妇的母儿结局。结果 HELLP组中最高舒张压、确诊孕周和终止妊娠孕周分别为（109.62±19.23）mm Hg、（32.02±4.50）周和（32.18±4.93）周,对照组分别为（99.14±11.70）mm Hg、（35.25±3.88）周和（35.66±3.69）周,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HELLP组期待治疗时间（1.38±2.62）d与对照组（2.49±3.46）d比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,HELLP组剖宫产率（57.69%,15/26）与对照组（81.93%,68/83）比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组尿蛋白、使用硫酸镁剂量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HELLP组使用静脉降压药物、眼底痉挛渗出、多浆膜腔积液及低氧血症发生率分别为34.62%（9/26）、46.15%（12/26）、65.38%（17/26）和19.23%（5/26）,对照组分别为3.61%（3/83）、13.25%（11/83）、10.84%（9/83）和3.61%（3/83）,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HELLP组新生儿体质量[（1751.80±1027.13）g]与对照组[（2474.20±946.61）g]比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HELLP组孕产妇死亡1例;死儿丢失11例;对照组未发生孕妇死亡,发生死儿丢失11例。结论重度子痫前期并发HELLP综合征是病情危重的表现,其发病孕周较早,影响胎盘功能可致胎儿发育受限及死胎,严重影响胎儿结局。母体并发多浆膜腔积液及低氧血症比例高于未并发HELLP综合征患者。经积极的救治和处理可争取较好     

早发型重度子痫前期的临床特点及围生期结局

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床特点及对母婴预后的影响。方法选取2001年1月～2004年12月天津市中心妇产科医院住院的794例重度子痫前期患者作为研究对象，将病例分为早发型重度子痫前期（妊娠〈32周，312例）和晚发型重度子痫前期（妊娠≥32周，482例）。回顾性分析比较两组患者的临床资料。结果早发型重度子痫前期组临床严重并发症如子痫、心衰、肺水肿、腹水、胸腔积液、胎盘早剥、产后出血的发生率均明显高于晚发型重度子痫前期组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；早发型重度子痫前期组围产儿死亡率及新生儿Apgar评分≤7分的发生率显著高于晚发型重度子痫前期组（P〈0．01）。结论早发型重度子痫前期病情严重，围产儿预后不良，应根据母婴情况，严格选择病例进行期待疗法，同时密切监测母婴病情变化。     

早发型重度子痫前期患者分娩孕周对母儿结局的影响

目的 分析早发型重度子痫前期患者分娩孕周对母儿结局的影响,探讨终止妊娠的适宜时机.方法 回顾性分析于1999年7月1日至2009年6月30日的10年间在北京大学第一医院住院治疗并分娩的、终止妊娠孕周＞28周的单胎妊娠早发型重度子痫前期(发病孕周＜34周)患者221例的临床资料,按终止妊娠孕周分为3组,Ⅰ组为孕28～31周+6分娩,81例,Ⅱ组为孕32～33周+6分娩,78例,Ⅲ组为孕≥34周分娩,62例;比较3组患者的临床特点及母儿结局.结果 (1)围产儿结局:221例围产儿中共有13例失访,Ⅰ组9例,Ⅱ组3例,Ⅲ组1例.新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)发生率Ⅰ组为26%(19/72),Ⅱ组为7%(5/75),Ⅲ组为10%(6/61),Ⅰ组明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);围产儿死亡率Ⅰ组为43%(31/72),Ⅱ组为28%(21/75),Ⅲ组为3%(2/61),Ⅰ组明显高于其他两组,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组孕产妇并发症发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)围产儿死亡原因:因社会因素(家属放弃治疗)导致的围产儿死亡,Ⅰ组为26%(8/31),Ⅱ组为67%(14/21),Ⅲ组为1/2,3组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 早发型重度子痫前期孕妇孕32周后分娩,早产儿RDS发病率明显下降,孕34周后分娩,围产儿死亡率明显下降.尽量减少社会因素的影响,有可能进一步提高早发型重度子痫前期围产儿的存活率.     

重度子痫前期临床发病类型及特点与围产结局的关系

目的探讨重度子痫前期临床发病类型和特点与围产结局的关系;进一步研究早发型重度子痫前期的临床界定及保守治疗的临床意义.方法173例重度子痫前期患者以孕34周发病时间为界,分为早发和晚发两种类型;再根据病程进展缓急（起病至发展为重度子痫前期＞48 h）进一步将其分为突发和渐进两种类型.共分4组：即早发突发型组10例、早发渐进型组87例、晚发突发型组18例、晚发渐进型组58例.对4组患者的一般临床资料、并发症发生情况、临床监测指标及围产结局进行分析比较.结果（1）早发突发型组及晚发突发型组共28例（16.2%）患者突发起病,病情于48 h内发展成重度子痫前期;早发渐进型组及晚发渐进型组共145例患者（83.4%）缓慢发病,病情于48 h后逐渐发展成重度子痫前期.早发突发型组的发生率与晚发突发型组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;早发渐进型组的发生率与晚发渐进型组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.（2）早发突发型组严重并发症发生率为100.0%（10/10）,早发渐进型组为34.5%（30/87）,晚发突发型组为100.0%（18/18）,晚发渐进型组为29.3%（17/58）.早发突发型组严重并发症发生率与早发渐进型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;晚发突发型组严重并发症发生率与晚发渐进型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）.（3）早发突发型组胎（婴）儿死亡率为72.7%（8/11）,早发渐进型组为24.3%（25/103）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.晚发突发型组胎（婴）儿死亡率为22.2%（4/18）,晚发渐进型组为4.9%（3/61）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.（4）多因素回归分析显示,终止妊娠孕周是影响围产结局的主要因素;发病孕周以34孕周来界定早发和晚发类型时,发病孕周与围产结局无相关性（OR=0.426,95%CI：0.138～1.331）;以32孕周来界定早发和晚发类型时,则与围产结局相关（OR=0.177,95%CI：0.085～0.369）.结论重度子痫前期患者的临床发病类型较为复杂,早发突发型患者有临床上的不可预测性,其围产结局不良;晚发渐进型患者的围产结局较好.终止孕周是影响围产结局的主要因素,临床上以32孕周界定早发类型重度子痫前期更能准确反映发病孕周与围产结局的关系.     

Analysis of plasma elastase levels in early and late onset preeclampsia

Background: Circulatory neutrophils have been reported to be activated in preeclampsia. It has been suggested that maternal plasma levels of elastase may serve as a possible cell-free marker to quantify such activation. Although plasma elastase levels have been found to be elevated in cases with manifest preeclampsia and eclampsia, this has not yet been examined in cases with early and late onset preeclampsia. We have now examined this aspect. Methods: In this retrospective study, maternal plasma samples were examined from eight cases with early onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks of gestation), eight cases with late onset preeclampsia (>34 weeks of gestation) and an equal number of gestational age matched normotensive term controls. Plasma concentrations of elastase were measured by ELISA using a commercially available assay. Results: Plasma elastase concentrations were significantly elevated the preeclampsia study group when compared to the normotensive control group (median=139.2 ng/ml versus median=72.1 ng/ml; P=0.0025). These elevations remained significant when the preeclampsia study group was stratified into case with early onset preeclampsia (median=118.8 ng/ml versus median=62.2 ng/ml; P=0.03), but jailed failed to attain significance for those cases with late onset preeclampsia (median=181.3 ng/ml versus median=86.3 ng/ml; P=0.061). Conclusions: Our data indicate that elastase levels are elevated in both early and late onset forms of preeclampsia, and imply that the activation of neutrophils may be more acute in the former than in the latter (238 words).     

早发型重度子痫前期发病孕周与母儿预后的关系

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期的发病孕周与母儿预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2006年12月北京大学第一医院分娩的266例孕28-36周发病的单胎重度子痫前期患者的临床资料,按重度子痫前期发病孕周分为4组,Ⅰ组孕28-30周50例;Ⅱ组孕30^＋1-32周72例;Ⅲ组孕32^＋1-34周78例;Ⅳ组组孕34^＋1-36周66例。比较这4组的临床特点和母儿并发症。结果Ⅰ组孕妇有不良产史者明显高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组（32%vs 8.3%、5.1%、6.0%,P〈0.05）;Ⅰ组孕妇有子痫前期史者明显高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组（24%vs 5.5%、0%、9.0%,P〈0.05）;保守治疗时间Ⅰ组（19±23）d,Ⅱ组（10±10）d,分别明显高于Ⅲ组（6±9）d、Ⅳ组（5±7）d,（P〈0.05）;24 h尿蛋白定量平均为Ⅰ组（6.2±4.9）g,明显高于Ⅱ组（4.8±2.9）g、Ⅲ组（4.0±3.0）g、Ⅳ组（2.8±2.1）g,（P〈0.05）;围产儿死亡率Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别为48%、16.6%,明显高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的5.1%、3.0%,P〈0.05;新生儿RDS的发生率Ⅰ组为24%、Ⅱ组为30.5%,分别明显高于Ⅲ组的2.5%、Ⅳ组的12.1%,P〈0.05;孕妇并发症各组之间分析比较差异无统计学意义。结论重度子痫前期发病孕周早晚和保守治疗时间长短与孕妇并发症的发生无关。孕32周之前发病的重度子痫前期的围产儿死亡率及新生儿RDS发生率明显高于孕32周之后发病者。孕妇的不良产史及子痫前期史与重度子痫前期的发病时间相关。     

The relationship between maternal serum prenatal screening combined with epidemiological study and early onset preeclampsia

Objective

To explore the major risk factors and early prediction methods in the pathogenesis of early onset preeclampsia through combining prenatal screening markers and epidemiological characteristics.

Methods

Prenatal screening was performed in second trimester using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 1,011 gravidas and epidemiological correlation factors were got by telephone with prospective cohort study. Predictive model of early onset preeclampsia was established and evaluated by single and multiple factor logistic analysis in 30 cases of preeclampsia and 867 cases of normal gravidas.

Results

As compared with the control group, the maternal serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in second trimester of patients with early onset preeclampsia elevated significantly (P < 0.001). Pregestational BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² (OR = 3.649, 95 % CI 1.600–8.321, P = 0.002), history of hypertension, diabetes and nephritis (OR = 55.724, 95 % CI 8.223–377.614, P < 0.001), family history of hypertension (OR = 6.777, 95 % CI 2.917–15.742, P < 0.001), and risk coefficient for trisomy 21 (OR = 3.688, 95 % CI 1.013–13.429, P = 0.048) were major risk factors of early onset preeclampsia. The sensitivity and specificity of predictive model were 70.0 and 75.1 %, when cutoff point was 0.249. The diagnostic accuracy of the logistic model was better than hCG.

Conclusions

In order to early prevent the onset and development of EOPE, it is necessary to strengthen pregestational and prenatal care for women in these aspects including pregestational BMI ≥?24 kg/m², history of hypertension, diabetes, nephritis, family history of hypertension, and high risk for trisomy 21 syndrom.     

Bilateral exudative retinal detachment in a patient with early onset severe preeclampsia

This article describes a rare case of early onset severe preeclampsia presenting with loss of vision in both eyes due to retinal detachment. Retinal detachment has been mainly reported in late onset preeclampsia unlike in this case. Though, some authors believe that occurrence of maternal retinal detachment in cases of preeclampsia has no prognostic implication to the fetus, in this case, presence of retinal detachment was associated with foetal demise.     

Tenascin C levels in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia

Objective: To determine the serum tenascin-C (TN-C) levels in cases with mild and severe preeclampsia.

Methods: Pregnant women were divided into three groups, namely healthy pregnants (Group 1, n?=?20), pregnants with mild preeclampsia (Group 2, n?=?20) and pregnants with severe preeclampsia (Group 3, n?=?20). The groups were formed so as to match each other in terms of gestational week. From each pregnant woman, pre- and post-delivery blood samples were obtained to measure serum TN-C levels. The data were evaluated using the Kruskall–Wallis variance analysis. For the obtained values of p?<?0.05, the groups were compared in pairs. A p value of <?0.017 was accepted as significant.

Results: In Groups 1, 2 and 3, the prepartum TN-C levels were 5.02?±?0.4?µg/ml, 12.8?±?2.9?µg/ml and 33.8?±?11.7?µg/ml, and in the postpartum TN-C levels were 4.7?±?0.1?µg/ml, 11.7?±?1.8?µg/ml and 50.6?±?33.8?µg/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the prepartum and postpartum TN-C levels (p?<?0.017, Mann–Whitney U [MWU] test). There was also a significant difference in the prepartum TN-C levels between Groups 2 and 3 (p?<?0.017, MWU test).

Conclusions: The prepartum and postpartum TN-C levels were significantly higher in mild and severe preeclampsia than those in healthy pregnants.     

重度子癎前期终末器官受累不平行性及其围产结局探讨

目的探讨重度子痴前期（severe preeclampsia，S-PE）终末靶器官（end target organ）受累特点，分析早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期各种终末器官受累类型与围产结局的关系。方法对191例重度子痢前期的前瞻性观察研究资料进行分析总结。将S-PE起病时间以34孕周为界分为早发型SPE（early-onset severe preeclampsia）和晚发型S-PE（1ate-onset severe preeelampsia）两组。根据器官受累情况分为单器官、两器官和多器官受累。分析比较两组一般临床资料、器官受累类型和并发症发生情况以及围产结局。结果191例S-PE中有71．70％为单器官受累，明显高于两器官和多器官受累（P〈0．05）。单器官受累患者中，早发型S-PE终末器官损害以胎盘（55．26％）和肝损害（15．79％）为主，而晚发型S-PE则以胎盘（18．42％）、心肺（10．53％）和脑损害（10．53％）为多。两组之间胎盘损害发生率在早发型组比晚发型组有显著增高（P〈0．05）。两器官受累患者中，早发型终末器官损害以胎盘并肝损害为主，晚发型以心肺并肾损害为多。多器官受累类型中，早发型和晚发型各终末器官累及情况无明显差异。伴有器官受累者的胎儿及新生儿死亡率与无器官受累者相比均明显升高（P〈0.05）。在伴有器官受累者中，早发型的胎儿及新生儿死亡率较晚发型明显升高（P〈0．05）；单器官受累的早发型较晚发型明显升高（P〈0．05）；两器官和多器官受累早发型与晚发型间无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。早发型中各器官累及类型间胎儿及新生儿死亡率没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）；晚发型中则差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），两器官和多器官受累较单器官受累明显升高。结论本研究显示重度子痢前期的终末器官受累存在着明显的不平行性。重度子痢前期发病时间、终止孕龄、疾病严重程度和器官受累等影响围产预后。个体的遗传异质性可能决定着不同的触发机制。     

Comparison of serum and urinary nephrin levels between normal pregnancies and severe preeclampsia

Objective

To compare the levels of urinary excretion of nephrin in women experiencing either normotensive or severe preeclamptic pregnancies, and to examine the relationship between urinary nephrin levels and clinical parameters of preeclampsia.

Study design

In a case control study we collected serum and urine specimens from women with normal pregnancy (n = 30) and from women with severe preeclampsia (n = 43). Serum nephrin levels and urinary nephrin concentrations were measured in all patients.

Results

Both serum and urine concentrations of nephrin were significantly higher in the severe preeclamptic group than in the normal pregnancy group. In addition, we identified a significant relationship between urinary nephrin levels and urine protein concentrations in the severe preeclamptic group. Urine nephrin concentrations were also correlated with serum creatinine levels and with diastolic blood pressure in the severe preeclamptic group.

Conclusion

The positive correlations observed in this study suggest that urinary nephrin excretion might play an important role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria during preeclampsia and could be a good indicator of renal damage.