Bridging bronchus complicated with a left pulmonary artery sling a rare entity

To the editor： The bridging bronchus （BB） is a rarely reported congenital anomaly in which right middle and lower lobes are supplied by an accessory bronchus arising from the left main bronchus,1 A sling left pulmonary artery （SLPA） is also a rare congenital cardiac malformation, in which the left pulmonary artery arises from the right pulmonary artery and passes between the trachea and esophagus, causing tracheal stenosis by the pulsating pulmonary artery.： Here we present a rare pediatric case of BB complicated with a SLPA.     

Aneurysm Resection and Vascular Reconstruction for True Aneurysm at the Initial Segment of Splenic Artery

The aneurysms at the initial segment of splenic artery are rare. This paper aimed to investigate the methods to treat the true aneurysm at the initial segment of splenic artery by aneurysmectomy plus vascular reconstruction. Retrospectively reviewed were 11 cases of true aneurysm at the initial segment of splenic artery who were treated in our hospital from January 2000 to June 2013. All cases were diagnosed by color ultrasonography, computer tomography(CT) and angiography. Upon resection of the aneurysm, the auto-vein transplantation was performed in situ between the hepatic artery and the distal part of the splenic artery in 1 case; the artificial vessel bypass was done between the infra-renal aorta and distal portion of the splenic artery in 7 cases; the splenectomy was done in 2 cases; the splenectomy in combination with ligation of multiple small aneurysms were performed in 1 case. All cases were cured and discharged from the hospital 10–14 days after operation. A 1–14 year follow-up showed that 9 cases survived, and 2 cases died, including 1 case who died of acute myocardial infarction 2 years after aorta-splenic artery bypass operation and 1 case who died of acute cerebral hemorrhage 5 years after aneurysm resection and the splenectomy. Among 6 cases receiving aorta-splenic artery bypass, 1 gradually developed stenosis at anatomosed site, which eventually progressed to complete occlusion 2 years to 6 years after operation, without suffering from splenic infarction because the spleen was supplied by the short gastric vessel and its collaterals. The other 5 cases receiving aorta-splenic artery bypass and 1 case undergoing autologous vascular transplantation did not develop stricture or pseudoaneurysm at the stoma. Our study showed that the aneurysmectomy plus vascular reconstruction is a better treatment for aneurysm at the initial segment of splenic artery.     

Significance of the preoperative guidance of dual-source CT in carotid body tumor

Background Accurate views of the head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis and the relationship of tumor and the surrounding blood vessels are especially crucial to carotid body tumor （CBT） patients. The aim of this study was to explore the value of dual-source CT （DSCT） cerebral and carotid angiography in CBT diagnosis.Methods DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography was performed on nine patients with CBT. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction images were obtained by means of multiple planar reconstructions （MPR）,maximum intensity projection （MIP） and volume rendering （VR）. All patients were subjected to color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） examination. Two kinds of examinations were performed in 3 days, and all patients were confirmed by surgery.Results DSCT angiography was successful in all patients. CBTs were diagnosed in 9 patients with 10 lesions （1 case had multiple bilateral CBTs）. The largest lesion was 12 cm in diameter, and the smallest one was 1.6 cm in diameter. All patients had clearly demonstrated head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor relationship with the surrounding blood vessels. The internal and external carotid artery （ICA, ECA） were involved in 2 cases. There were 7 cases with basilar artery ring integrity, and 1 case had the posterior communicating artery absent; 1 case had middle cerebral artery stenosis; 4 cases （4 tumors） showed arterial phase homogeneous enhancement; 5 cases （6 tumors） had obvious heterogeneous enhancement where irregular low-density necrosis could be seen in the tumors. CDFI could demonstrate the nearby blood vessels and tumor structure, instead of tumor angiogenesis. However, DSCT can display both the tumor and the peripheral vascular tumor angiogenesis consistent with surgical findings.Conclusions DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography can provide reliable information for the operation. It might be a valuable CBT diagnostic method by showing accurate views of the CBT along with the bilateral neck and brain blood vessels.     

Surgical repair of congenital tracheal stenosis associated with complex congenital heart disease in infants

Objective To evaluate results of one stage repair of congenital tracheal stenosis associated with complex congenital heart disease in infants. Methods Two infants with congenital stenosis associated with Tetralogy of Fallot were operated on at the age of 1. 5 and 3 years respectively. In the younger child, the 1. 2 cm long of tracheal stenosis was excised and anastomosed. The other case with 3 cm in length of stenosis at the mid-segment of trachea was excised and repaired with a patch. Results The postoperative progress was uneventful. The patients were followed-up for 6 months to 1 year without any complications. Conclusion One stage repair of congenital tracheal stenosis associated with complex congenital heart disease in infants has got satisfactory results. With cardiopulmonary bypass, the operation can be carried out safely. 6 refs,2 figs.     

双源CT在颈动脉体瘤术前的指导意义

Objective To explore the value of dual-source CT（DSCT）cerebral and carotid angiography in carotid body tumor (CBT) diagnosis. Methods DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography was performed on nine patients with carotid body tumor. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstruction images were performed by means of multiple planar reconstructions (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR). All patients were subjected to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) examination. Two kinds of examinations were performed in 3 days, and all patients were confirmed by surgery. Results All patients were successful in DSCT angiography. Carotid body tumors were diagnosed in 9 patients with 10 lesions as; 1 case had multiple bilateral CBTs. The largest lesion was 12 cm in diameter, and the smallest one was 1.6 cm in diameter. All patients head and neck vessels, tumor angiogenesis, and the tumor relationship with the surrounding blood vessels were demonstrated clearly. Internal and external carotid artery (ICA, ECA) were involved in 2 cases. There were 7 cases with basilar artery ring integrity, and 1 case had the posterior communicating artery absent; 1 case had middle cerebral artery stenosis; 4 cases (4 tumors) showed arterial phase homogeneous enhancement; 5 cases (6 tumors) had obvious heterogeneous enhancement where irregular low-density necrosis could be seen in the tumors. CDFI could demonstrate the tumor and nearby blood vessels, instead of tumor angiogenesis. However, DSCT could display both the tumor and the peripheral vascular tumor angiogenesis consistent with surgical findings. Conclusion DSCT cerebral and carotid angiography might be a valuable carotid body tumor diagnostic method by showing accurate views of the carotid body tumor along with the bilateral neck and brain blood vessels, providing reliable information for the operation.     

Pulmonary artery involvement in aorto-arteritis. An analysis of DSA.

Angiographic features of the pulmonary artery were studied in 24 patients with aortoarteritis (Takayasu's arteritis) by digital subtraction angiography. The pulmonary artery involvement was found in nine cases (37.5%). The right side was involved in eight and the left side in five cases. The right pulmonary artery was involved in two cases, the lobar artery in six, the segmental artery in six, and subsegmental as well as peripheral branches in four. The angiographic features were stenosis and/or occlusion as were the changes of the systemic arteries in aorto-arteritis. The aorta and its main branches were involved in all nine patients, but the severity of pulmonary vascular changes was not always related to the systemic vascular changes. Bronchial angiography demonstrated enlarged and tortuous bronchial arteries in four cases. Lung ECT revealed abnormalities in four cases.

     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for 140 cases with stenosis of carotid artery

Objective To evaluate the operation method, indications and prevention from complication in 140 cases with stenosis of carotid artery by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Methods The procedures of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of carotid arteries were performed after the diagnosis of 140 cases with carotid artery stenosis which were confirmed by MRA and DSA.[第一段]     

Dual-energy computed tomography angiography for evaluating the renal vascular variants

Background  Recognizing renal vascular variants preoperatively is important in order to avoid vascular complications during surgery. This study aimed to investigate the renal vascular variants with dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) angiography to provide valuable information for surgery.

Methods  A total of 378 patients underwent DECT. The number, size, course and relationships of the renal vessels were retrospectively observed from the scans. Anomalies of renal arteries and veins were recorded and classified. Multiplanar reformations (MPR), maximum intensity projections (MIP), and volume renderings (VR) were used for analysis.

Results  In 378 patients (756 kidneys), renal artery variations were discovered and recorded in 123 kidneys (16.3%, 123/756) of 106 patients (28.0%, 106/378). Type IB (early branches of the only one main renal artery) and IC (accessory renal artery with only one main renal artery) were found most frequently with an incidence of 11.4% (43/378) and 14.5% (55/378). The incidence of renal artery variations in the left kidney was not statistically different than in the right kidney (12.4% vs. 11.1%). The incidence of renal vein variations was detected in 104 patients (27.5%, 104/378). The incidence of venous variants in the right kidney was higher than in the left kidney (20.1% vs. 7.4%), but left renal vein variations were more complex. Variants of the left renal vein were detected in 28 patients including type 1 (circumaortic left renal vein) in eight cases, type 2 (retroaortic left renal vein) in seven cases, type 3 (abnormal reflux) in six cases, type 4 (late venous confluence of left renal vein) in five cases, and type 5 (rare type) in two cases. The frequency of left renal vein variation associated with the left renal accessory artery was significantly higher than with early branches of the left renal artery (P=0.037).

Conclusions  The renal vascular variants are rather common and complex. DECT angiography can demonstrate the precise anatomy of the renal vessels, which is a benefit for renal transplantation or other renal operations

     

Unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis and late-onset cataract in an adult: a case of suspected congenital rubella syndrome

Congenital rubella syndrome is characterized by the triad of deafness, cataract and cardiovascular malformations. The great majority of the cases in the literature have been usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood because of various defects at birth. However, we report a rare case of suspected congenital rubella syndrome in an adult with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis and late-onset cataract.

     

Preliminary clinical application using 3D time-resolved imaging of contrast-enhanced MR angiography of contrast kinetics （3D-TRICKS）i

Objective：To introduce a new better contrast-enhanced MR angiographic metnod, named 3D time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics （3D-TRICKS）. Methods： TRICKS is a high temporal resolution （2-6 s） MR angiographic technique using a short TR（4 ms） and TE（1.5 ms）, partial echo sampling, in which central part of k-space is updated more frequently than the peripheral part. TRICKS pre-contrast mask 3D images are firstly scanned, and then the bolus injecting of Gd-DTPA, 15-20 sequential 3D images are acquired. The reconstructed 3D images, subtraction of contrast 3D images with mask images, are conceptually similar to a catheter-based intra-arterial digital subtraction angiographic series （DSA）. Thirty patients underwent contrast-enhanced MR angiography using 3D-TRICKS. Results： Totally 12 vertebral arteries were well displayed on TRICKS, in which 7 were normal, 1 demonstrated bilateral vertebral artery stenosis, 4 had unilateral vertebral artery stenosis and 1 was accompanied with the same lateral carotid artery bifurcation stenosis. Four cases of bilateral renal arteries were normal, 1 transplanted kidney artery showed as normal and 1 transplanted kidney artery showed stenosis. 2 cerebral arteries were normal, 1 had sagittal sinus thrombosis and 1 displayed intracranial arteriovenous malformation. 3 pulmonary arteries were normal, 1 showed pulmonary artery thrombosis and 1 revealed pulmonary sequestration＇s abnormal feeding artery and draining vein. One left lower limb fibrolipoma showed feeding artery. One displayed radial-ulnar artery artificial fistula stenosis. One revealed left antebrachium hemangioma. Conclusion： TRICKS can clearly delineate most body vascular system and reveal most vascular abnormality. It possesses convenience and high successful rate, which make it the first choice of displaying most vascular abnormality.     

螺旋CT和心脏彩超对新生儿先天性血管环诊断价值分析

目的探讨螺旋CT和心脏彩超对新生儿先天性血管环的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2006年1月-2012年1月我院收治的40例患有先天性血管环的新生儿的临床资料,所有患儿均接受64层螺旋CT(Multi-slicespiral CT,MSCT)、心脏彩超(transthoracicechocardiogra phy,TTE)检查,所有患者均经手术证实为先天性血管环。将MSCT、TTE的诊断结果与手术诊断结果进行比较,观察并比较MSCT和TTE检查对先天性血管环的确诊率以及对合并心脏畸形、气管狭窄、食管狭窄的确诊情况。结果 TTE和MSCT对先天性血管环的确诊率分别为65.0%、92.5%,TTE的确诊率明显低于MSCT和手术证实结果,比较存在较大的差异(χ2=9.04、16.97,P0.05);而MSCT检查对先天性血管环的确诊率和手术证实结果相近(P0.05)。MSCT对先天性血管环合并心脏畸形、气管狭窄、食管狭窄的诊断准确率分别为40.0%、75.0%、17.5%,明显高于TTE检查的诊断准确率(χ2=4.92、4.38、5.00,P0.05),并与手术证实结果较为相近(P0.05)。结论 MSCT对先天性血管环的诊断准确率较高,与手术诊断基本相符,既能清晰显示血管环的组成,还能明确出血管环与毗邻结构的关系,可联合TTE检查作为先天性血管环的有效诊断手段,值得在临床上推广应用。     

镜像右位心的超声诊断

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声心动图对镜像右位心伴心内畸形的诊断价值。方法：分析总结29例镜像右位心彩色多普勒超声图表现。结果：除内脏反位、心脏反位外,21例患者合并心内畸形,包括房间隔缺损5例,室间隔缺损4例,法洛四联症4例,法洛五联症2例,矫正型大动脉转位并肺动脉瓣狭窄1例,右室双出口并永存左上腔静脉1例,完全性心上型肺静脉异位引流并房间隔缺损1例,法洛四联症伴冠状动脉畸形1例,房间隔缺损并二尖瓣脱垂1例,单心室、房间隔缺损、大动脉异位、动脉导管未闭1例。结论：彩色多普勒是镜像右位心并心内畸形的无创性首选检查方法,能为临床诊断治疗提供客观影像学依据。     

多层螺旋CT对婴幼儿先天性感音性耳聋的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（multi slice computed tomography, MSCT）对婴幼儿先天性感音性耳聋（sensorineural hearing loss, SNHL）的诊断价值。方法对74例婴幼儿SNHL患者采用颞骨轴位高分辨率MSCT扫描及多平面重建（MPR）,对感兴趣内耳用容积再现技术（VRT）进行重建。结果63例语前聋组患者中42例（84耳）双侧内耳MSCT表现无明显异常;21例(42耳)显示内耳骨迷路畸形(其中29耳多种畸形共存)：耳蜗间隔发育不全I型1例（2耳）,耳蜗间隔发育不全II型（Mondini畸形）4例（8耳）,前庭-外半规管畸形12例（24耳）,前庭导水管扩大13例（26耳）;内耳道畸形3例（3耳）;外耳道未发育1例（1耳）;其中37耳MSCT横断面图像和MPR, VRT图像均可清晰显示畸形的部位和程度,5耳Mondini型畸形患者 VRT图像较MSCT横断面图像更能清晰的显示畸形部位;7例（12耳）分泌性中耳炎。11例语后聋组中显示8例（16耳）内耳结构基本正常,3例（6耳）为大前庭水管综合征,3例（6耳）分泌性中耳炎。结论MSCT结合MPR及VRT可更加准确的对内耳骨迷路畸形的程度和部位做出诊断,是对婴幼儿SNHL病因诊断重要的一种检查方法。     

小儿先天性气管狭窄矫治术及术后处理

目的：总结小儿先天性气管狭窄（CTS）矫治术以及术后管理体会。方法：2006年5月～2011年1月,我院收治小儿CTS 12例,男7例,女5例;年龄22 d～13岁,平均（5.0±2.1）岁;体重2.1～48.0 kg,平均体重（10.2±3.7）kg。按照Grundfast法分期,Ⅰ期CTS 1例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期5例,Ⅳ期2例。合并畸形包括肺动脉吊带6例,动脉导管未闭（PDA）5例,房间隔缺损（ASD）4例,室间隔缺损（VSD）6例,中度肺动脉狭窄（PS）1例,法洛四联症1例,肺动脉高压2例,右室双出口3例,双腔右心室3例,永存左上腔静脉2例。采用胸骨正中切口,体外循环辅助下先天性气管狭窄矫治,同期纠正合并其他畸形。结果：气管端端吻合术5例,Slide气管成形术3例,自体游离气管片移植术3例,心包补片移植术1例。手术死亡1例,死亡率为8.3%。术后主要并发症有低氧血症（7例）和低心排（6例）。术后采用改良超滤7例,延迟关胸4例,呼吸机辅助9例,体外膜肺5例,静脉应用正性肌力药物4例。术后6个月～2年随访中,除2例轻度支气管狭窄外,心肺功能均良好。结论：同期纠治小儿CTS和并发并畸形的手术效果良好。防治术后低氧血症和低心排是降低CTS术后病死率的关键,包括施行改良超滤、延迟关胸、体外膜肺和预防性静脉应用强心药物等措施。此外,加强基础护理、营养支持、预防感染也很重要。     

MSCT多维重组技术对肺动脉闭锁的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多维重组技术对肺动脉闭锁(PA)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析9例肺动脉闭锁(PA)患儿的薄层CT增强扫描资料,将数据传至工作站进行多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现技术(VRT)及最大密度投影(MIP),结合手术与超声心动图(UCG)结果分析PA的影像学特点。结果 9例中PA合并室间隔缺损(VSD)者5例;PA不合并VSD者4例,其中3例右心室发育不良及三尖瓣狭窄或闭锁,1例右心室体积基本正常合并三尖瓣重度反流。UCG对PA检出率为77.8%,2例肺动脉瓣闭锁(PVA)均正确诊断,7例肺动脉干闭锁(PTA)正确诊断2例(28.6%),3例误诊为PVA,2例漏诊。MSCT血管成像(MSCTA)对PA诊断准确率为88.8%,其对2例PVA1例正确诊断,另1例疑诊;对7例PTA均正确诊断。6例PA存在侧支血管,MSCTA均能显示侧支来源、数量、走行及直径,UCG均漏诊,其中1例PDA误诊为侧支血管。结论 MSCT多维重组技术对充分显示PA全貌和伴发的心外血管畸形与体肺侧支循环具有重要的诊断价值,UCG对细小心内畸形及心瓣膜的显示可为MSCT提供补充,两者结合应用对包括手术在内的临床治疗具有重要的指导作用。     

非发绀型先天性心脏病MSCT检查前行麻醉处理的临床应用价值分析

目的旨在探讨非发绀型先天性心脏病多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查前行麻醉处理的临床应用价值。方法将2017年1月至2018年8月我院64例非发绀型先天性心脏病采用麻醉处理行MSCT检查患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,密切监测和记录所有患儿其MSCT检查和麻醉情况。结果 64例患儿在检查中出现心率减慢、血压下降、血氧饱和度下降、喉痉挛、检查后高热和室性期前收缩分别为13例、6例、16例、5例、5例和4例,其中动脉导管未闭血氧饱和度下降率最高。64例患儿均完成了CT检查,58例患儿注入丙泊酚(1.5-2. 0mg/kg)后1次即完成检查,6例患儿再次追加丙泊酚用量(0.5-0.6mg/kg)完成检查。在MSCT检查中,房间隔缺损表现为右心房、右心室明显增大,肺动脉可见增宽,进一步增强示房间隔连续中断;室间隔缺损平检查可示:室间隔中断,以不连续性呈现,心室以不同程度增大显示,肺血管可见明显增粗、增多;动脉导管未闭可明显显示动脉导管较大且未闭合,左心室增大;肺动脉缩窄可表现为肺动脉瓣膜明显增厚,开放受限,主肺动脉干狭窄后扩张;而法洛四联症以肺动脉狭窄、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨和右心室肥厚为其主要表现,部分可见肌小梁粗大致腔内充盈缺损。结论非发绀型先天性心脏病患儿术前进行丙泊酚注射麻醉后均可完成MSCT检查,而检查中密切监测患儿生命体征对保障患儿安全尤为重要,MSCT清晰显示的影响图像有利于指导临床制定合适的手术治疗方案。     

双源CT 在评价成人先天性心脏病中的临床价值

目的：探讨双源CT （DSCT）在评价成人先天性心脏病（ACHD）中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析29例行DSCT检查的ACHD患者资料。结果29例患者中,多数合并两种以上畸形,其中,心内畸形20例,包括法洛四联症4例（13．79％）,房间隔缺损6例（20．69％）,主动脉瓣二叶畸形4例（13．79％）,室间隔缺损8例（27．58％）;心外大血管畸形19例,包括主动脉缩窄3例（10．34％）,动脉导管未闭4例（13．79％）,大动脉转位3例,肺静脉异位引流5例（17．24％）。结论 DSC T不仅能清楚显示ACHD患者心脏大血管畸形,还能对患者双肺、气管及支气管进行观察,可以为手术提供详细的解剖学信息。     

复杂先天性心脏病二维彩色多普勒超声诊断的评价

目的探讨二维彩色多普勒超声诊断复杂先天性心脏病的特征及规律性.方法对红河州第一人民医院行超声心动图检查及辅以双氧水声学造影诊断的43例复杂先天性心脏病进行了回顾性分析,总结不同切面的声像特征,并探讨检查、分析方法.结果明确诊断了法洛氏四联征7例,法洛氏三联征2例,法洛氏五联征2例,完全性心内膜垫缺损6例,爱勃斯坦畸形6例,完全型大动脉转位5例,纠正型大动脉转位1例、右室双出口3例、右室双腔心2例、右旋心并室缺1例,永存动脉干1例,完全性主动脉弓离断1例,左位上腔静脉引流入左房1例,单心室2例,三尖瓣闭锁2例,巨大右冠状动脉左室瘘1例,其中巨大右冠状动脉左室瘘、右室双腔心、爱勃斯坦畸形各1例经手术证实.结论超声心动图检查结合右心声学造影是诊断复杂先天性心脏病的首选方法.     

新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的彩超诊断价值

目的 探讨彩超对新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的诊断价值。方法 对149例青紫的新生儿进行彩超检查,诊断紫绀型先心病25例并分析其疾病类型。结果 25例紫绀型先心病中存在大动脉转位、法乐四联症、单心室、永存动脉干等复杂畸形,其中大动脉转位最多见,其次为法乐四联症,单心室位居第3。结论 彩超可作为青紫新生儿先心病的常规筛查手段。     

新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的彩超诊断价值

目的探讨彩超对新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的诊断价值。方法对149例青紫的新生儿进行彩超检查．诊断紫绀型先心病25例并分析其疾病类型。结果25例紫绀型先心病中存在大动脉转位、法乐四联症、单心室、永存动脉干等复杂畸形，其中大动脉转位最多见，其次为法乐四联症，单心室位居第3。结论彩超可作为青紫新生儿先心病的常规筛查手段。