环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

Objective To explore the etiologic relationship of prostate cancer and environmental and genetic polymorphism in southern China. Methods A hospital-based and 1 : 1 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 142 matched pains of subjects were investigated in this study. The blood samples were collected from 85 cases of prostate cancer and 82 controls of other diseases after informing consent. The CYPIAI ,CYPI7 and AR genes were analyzed by using the method of PCR, PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression model. Results An increased risk of prostate cancer development was observed with the early first spermatorrbea (age<18) (OR=2. 90,95% CI: 1.76-4. 80), early first sexual intercourse (age≤ 24) (OR=2. 38,95% CI: 1.14 -4. 96), frequent sexual intercourse before 35 year old (OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.19 -2. 70), family history of cancer (OR=2. 70,95% CI: 1.31 -5.58), more intake of pork (OR=2. 27,95% CI: 1.38 -3.70). Factors in lowing the risks were the fruit intake and drinking of green tea by OR value at 0. 25 (95% CI: 0. 08 -0. 75) and 0. 52 (95% CI:0. 28 -0. 96) respectively. CYP17 A1/A2 and CYP17 A2/A2 genotypes were related with a high risk of prostate cancer and OR values of 1.78 (95% CI: 0. 70 -4. 53) and 2. 57 (95% CI: 0. 91 -7. 25) respectively. Study also showed that there was an interaction between CYP17 polymorphisms and early first spermatorrbea and family cancer history related to the risk of prostate cancer with OR value at 13.35 (95%CI: 1.58 -113.00) and 4.01 (95% CI: 1.22 -13.17) respectively. Conclusion Sexual intercourse, dietary intake and family cancer history should be related to prostate cancer occurrence. CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with a high risk of prostate cancer. It suggests that there are multiple environmental and genetic factors to the prostate cancer.     

太行山食管癌高发区农村高危人群上消化道癌及癌前病变筛查结果及影响因素分析

目的 了解太行山食管癌高发区农村高危人群上消化道癌及癌前病变的检出情况,探讨其影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样的方法确定调查对象。 采用问卷调查、体格检查、内窥镜检查和病理学检查对调查对象进行上消化道癌及癌前病变的筛查。结果 共筛查出上消化道癌高危人群1 200名,根据内窥镜检查条件,共筛查高危人群865名,其中共检出阳性病例111例,总阳性病检出率12.8% 。多因素 logistic 回归分析结果表明,≥60岁（OR = 1.411,95%CI:1.1470～2.192）、腌制食品 (OR = 1.736,95% CI:1.149 ～ 2.625)、饮用水来源为井水（OR = 1.789,95%CI:1.119～2.861）或其他水源（OR = 2.143,95%CI:1.086～4.228）、幽门螺旋杆菌感染 （OR = 1.850,95%CI:1.219～2.8077）是上消化道癌及癌前病变发生的独立危险因素。结论 本地区上消化道癌及癌前病变的检出率仍然较高,年龄大、吃腌制食品、饮用水来源为井水、河水、雨水等,以及感染幽门螺旋杆菌是本地区农村居民上消化道癌及癌前病变发生的危险因素。     

大姚县农村生活饮用水青石棉污染与消化道癌症关联的病例-对照研究

目的探讨大姚县受青石棉污染的生活饮用水与消化道恶性肿瘤死亡风险的关系。方法选取已有27年队列人群(n=1249)中因消化道恶性肿瘤死亡的研究对象作为病例组(n=54),并按年龄、性别、死亡时间等匹配因素,选取108名对照,进行1∶2匹配的病例-对照研究,分析当地饮水情况对消化道恶性肿瘤死亡风险的影响。结果 Logistic回归分析表明,使用石棉炉的时间越长,消化道癌症死亡危险性越高(使用6~10年:OR=2.920,95%CI 1.501~5.604;使用11~15年:OR=3.966,95%CI 2.156~7.950;使用15年以上:OR=4.122,95%CI 1.211~7.584),喝生水导致消化道癌症死亡危险性增高(OR=1.43,95%CI 1.07~1.88),饮水类型与消化道恶性肿瘤死亡危险性相关,与饮用自来水比较,饮用井水的风险为OR=1.770,95%CI 1.001~2.444,饮用河水的风险为OR=2.442,95%CI 0.956~3.950,饮用宅泯沟水的风险为:OR=2.554,95%CI 1.961~6.584,饮用池塘水的风险为OR=3.121,95%CI 1.872~6.566。结论青石棉污染区饮水相关因素与大姚县主要消化道恶性肿瘤死亡有较强的关联。     

遗传变异与幽门螺杆菌感染在胃癌发生中的交互作用

  目的  探讨胃癌已知易感遗传变异与幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)在胃癌发生中的交互作用,及其对胃癌发生部位和发病年龄的影响。   方法  采用单纯病例研究设计,在2 426例胃癌患者中,通过二元Logistic回归分析模型分析遗传变异与H. pylori之间的交互作用。   结果  调整混杂因素后发现,遗传变异NSUN 3 rs7624041和DEFB rs2376549与H. pylori感染在胃癌发生中交互作用有统计学意义(OR=1.257,95% CI:1.006~1.571,P=0.044;OR=0.845,95% CI:0.715~0.999,P=0.048)。基于肿瘤部位的分层分析发现,遗传变异与H. pylori感染之间不存在交互作用。基于肿瘤TNM(tumor-node-metastasis)分期的分层分析发现,在TNM早期胃癌患者中,遗传变异lnc-POLR3G-4 rs7712641与H. pylori感染交互作用有统计学意义(OR=1.757,95% CI:1.060~2.915,P=0.029)。基于年龄的分层分析发现,在年龄 < 60岁人群中,ASHIL rs80142782、NSUN 3 rs7624041和DEFB rs2376549与H. pylori感染交互作用有统计学意义(OR=1.602,95% CI:1.006~2.551,P=0.047;OR=1.811,95% CI:1.247~2.632,P=0.002;OR=0.688,95% CI:0.520~0.910,P=0.009);而在年龄≥60岁人群中,仅有PSCA rs2294008和CUX 2 rs6490061与H. pylori感染交互作用有统计学意义(OR=0.775,95% CI:0.630~0.954,P=0.016;OR=0.790,95% CI:0.635~0.982,P=0.034)。   结论  胃癌的发生发展较为复杂,通过整合遗传因素和环境因素,针对易感高危人群采取H. pylori的根除措施,将有助于预防胃癌的发生发展。     

Cruciferous vegetables, mushrooms, and gastrointestinal cancer risks in a multicenter, hospital-based case-control study in Japan

We assessed the possible association of gastrointestinal cancers with cruciferous vegetables and mushrooms in a multicenter, hospital-based case-control study in an agricultural area of Japan. One hundred forty-nine cases and 287 controls for stomach cancer and 115 cases and 230 controls for colorectal cancer were matched by age, sex, and residential area. In stomach cancer, the protective effect of vegetables (consumption of total vegetable) was obscure, but it became clearer when we examined specific kinds of vegetables. Marginal associations were observed in the group of the highest consumption of Chinese cabbage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-1.07), broccoli (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.34-1.08), Hypsizigus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.31-1.04) and Pholita nameko (Nameko) (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.30-1.06). In colorectal cancer, we observed decreased risks from the highest tertile of total vegetables (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.08-0.66) and low-carotene-containing vegetables (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.08-0.77), and inverse associations were observed in the group of the highest consumption of broccoli (OR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.06-0.58). Although the sample size was limited, subgroup analyses showed that the associations differed with the histopathological subtype. These findings suggest that cruciferous vegetables decrease the risk of both stomach and colorectal cancer, and that mushrooms are associated with a decreased risk of stomach cancer.     

Exploratory factor analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in Uruguay

In the period 1996--2004, a hospital-based, case-control study on diet and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay. The study included 234 cases and 468 controls, frequency matched on age, sex, and residence. Factor analysis (principal components) was used to identify the major food patterns associated with esophageal cancer. The analysis of food groups led to the identification of four patterns, arbitrarily labeled as traditional, healthy, high-fat, and drinker. The traditional pattern was not associated with risk of esophageal carcinoma, whereas the healthy pattern displayed a strong inverse association with this malignancy [odds ratio (OR) 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.48, P value for trend < 0.0001]. Unexpectedly, the high-fat foods diet was also marginally protective (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36-1.01, P value for trend = 0.07). On the other hand, the drinker pattern displayed a twofold increase in risk of esophageal carcinoma (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.17-3.51, P value for trend = 0.01). The present study suggests that factor analysis might contribute to the elucidation of the contribution of diet on human cancer. Because diet represents a complex set of highly correlated exposures, dietary patterns could be more explicative of the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus than the traditional reductionist approach.     

环境和遗传因素与广东前列腺癌关系的病例对照研究

目的 探索我国南方前列腺癌发生与环境危险因素及基因多态性的关系.方法 采用以医院为基础的1:1匹配病例-对照设计,以病理确诊的前列腺癌住院患者为病例,其他疾病住院患者为对照.共完成142对病例和对照的问卷调查,采集85例病例和82例对照的血样.采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)检测外周血细胞色素P450家族1A1(CYP1A1)、家族17(CYP17)和雄激素受体(AR)的基因型.应用条件logistic回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 与对照相比,首次遗精年龄小于18岁(OR=2.90,95%CI值:1.76～4.80)、首次性生活年龄≤24岁(OR=2.38,95%C/值:1.14～4.96)、35岁前每周性生活频率高(OR=1.80,95%CI值:1.19～2.70)、有肿瘤家族史(OR=2.70,95%C/值:1.31～5.58)、每天摄人猪肉(OR=2.27,95%C/值:1.38～3.70)是前列腺癌发生的危险因素,而吃水果多和喝绿茶是保护因素,OR值分别为0.25(95%C/值:0.08～0.75)和0.52(95%C/值:0.28～0.96).基因多态性分析发现携带CYP17A1/A2基因型与A1/A1相比,OR值为1.78(95%C/值:0.70～4.53),A2/A2基因型OR值为2.57(95%CI值:0.91～7.25),提示该基因多态性A2突变型与前列腺癌发生有关.在遗传与环境因素交互作用分析中发现遗精年龄早、癌家族史与CYP17基因多态性存在交互作用,OR值分别为13.35(95%C/值:1.58～113.00)和4.01(95%C/值:1.22～13.17).结论 性生活史、饮食、癌家族史与前列腺癌发生相关联.CYP17基因型的突变可能是前列腺癌发生的危险因素,提示遗传与环境因素共同在前列腺癌发生中起作用.     

Intakes of selected nutrients, foods, and phytochemicals and prostate cancer risk in western New York

A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that diet may affect the etiology of prostate cancer, but few have investigated the impact of phytochemical intakes on this cancer. We conducted a case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in western New York involving 433 men with primary, histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 538 population-based controls, frequency matched to cases on age and county of residence. Diet was assessed with a detailed food-frequency questionnaire. We calculated daily intakes of nutrients and the phytochemicals beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, total phytosterols, total lignan precursors, quercetin, and kaempferol based on published food composition data. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) describing the association of prostate cancer risk with selected nutrients, phytochemicals, and food groups were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Compared with men in the lowest quartile of intake, reduced risks were observed for men in the highest quartile of intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.33-0.74), beta-carotene (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.36-0.79), alpha-carotene (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47-0.97), lutein (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.37-0.81), lycopene (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.42-0.92), total lignan precursors (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47-0.94), quercetin (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44-0.92), and total vegetables (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.36-0.79), but weak increased risks were observed for snacks and sweets (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.95-2.23). Estimates associated with nutrients and phytochemicals were attenuated after adjustment for total vegetable intake. Nevertheless, our results support the hypothesis that a phytochemical-rich, plant-based diet is of importance in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms.     

Diet diversity and colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Food diversity has been recommended to achieve a healthy diet and prevent cancer. The relation between diet diversity and the risk of colorectal cancer was investigated using data from a multicenter case-control study carried out between 1992 and 1996 in Italy. METHODS: The study included 1225 subjects with cancer of the colon (688 men and 537 women), 728 with cancer of the rectum (437 men and 291 women), and 4154 controls (2073 men and 2081 women) residing in the same geographical areas. Odds ratios (ORs) of colon and rectal cancer and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to food diversity were derived from unconditional multiple logistic regression equations. RESULTS: For colon cancer, an inverse association for total diversity was found in males (adjusted OR of 0.65 for the highest vs the lowest quintile of total diversity; 95% CI: 0.46-0.93) and in females (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.57-1.26). With respect to specific food groups, there was an inverse association only with diversity within vegetables (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54-0.81 in colon cancer and OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55-0.91 in rectal cancer). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that total diversity is moderately related to a decreased risk of colorectal cancer risk. A better understanding of the potential influence of dietary patterns on colorectal cancer is needed.     

Raw and cooked vegetables, fruits, selected micronutrients, and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Germany

In 1998-2000, a case-control study of breast cancer was conducted in Heidelberg, Germany. Three hundred ten consecutively recruited cases with primary breast cancer were matched according to 10-yr age groups to 353 controls with conditions unrelated to diet or endocrine disorders. Intake of raw vegetables, total vegetables, and whole-grain products was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quartile adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.84; OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38-1.02; and OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34-0.95, respectively). Also, high intake of some selected vitamins and minerals possessing putative DNA-stabilizing properties displayed significant inverse risk associations. Adjusted ORs were as follows: vitamin C (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.2-0.88), folate equivalents (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.88), b-carotene (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27-0.80), zinc (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15-0.78), and copper (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-1.03). In contrast, no significant association with risk was seen for an increased intake of fruits, cooked vegetables, fiber, calcium, manganese, or iron. In this population of German women, components of raw vegetables and some micronutrients appear to decrease breast cancer risk.