汶川地震灾区中学生地震创伤后应激障碍与领悟社会支持的关系

Objective To explore the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived social support (PSS)ability among middle school students in earthquake-stricken areas after the Wenchuan earthquake accident. Methods A total of 1966 students from three secondary schools of Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas were evaluated by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Results The overall incidence rate of PTSD was 78.3%, with severe PTSD as 24.38%. Significant differences on the incidence rates of PTSD were found among the students who were in different PSS levels (P<0.05) and significant negative correlation existed between the levels of severity on PTSD and PSS (γ=-0.226, P<0.05). Significant differences on PTSD incidence rates were found among those students who were from different families or out-family PSS levels (P=0.009, P<0.05). Significant negative correlation existed between the severity of PTSD and family or out-family PSS level (γ=-0.176, P<0.05, γ=-0.214, P<0.05). Conclusion Relationships between the incidence rate, severity of PTSD and PSS levels existed among the middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas, with higher PSS, lower incidence rate and lighter severity of PTSD. Psychological intervention for earthquake-stricken students should be carried out.     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

目的 了解大学生恋爱中的性行为和亲密伴侣暴力行为情况,探讨亲密伴侣暴力与大学生其他部分心理行为的关系.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,对合肥和芜湖市3所高校2575名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括恋爱情况、遭受亲密伴侣暴力情况、抑郁症状、自尊、学校生活满意度和自杀相关心理行为.x2检验和方差分析探讨不同恋爱经历大学生心理行为状况的差异.结果 2575名大学生中46.9%有过恋爱经历;男生高于女生,大二、三年级学生高于大一年级学生(x2值分别为44.13、161.84,P值均<0.05).目前正在恋爱的大学生中21.1%报告与现在的恋人发生过性行为,其中仅有21.8%(34/156)每次都使用安全套,11.5%(18/156)从不采用任何避孕措施,18.6%(29/156)与现在恋人(女友)发生性行为而怀孕,孕后到正规医院进行处理的比例仅占48.3%(14/29).有过恋爱经历的大学生中,遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力、总暴力的报告率分别为18.0%、33.6%、5.1%、37.1%;男生遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、总暴力的比例均高于女生,女生遭受性暴力的比例高于男生(x2值分别为70.21、13.25、14.04、5.77,P值均<0.05).在遭受过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生中,有74.2%(345/446)经历过3次以上亲密伴侣暴力.经历过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生抑郁症状得分最高,自尊和学校生活满意度得分最低(F值分别为4.00、16.39和8.76,P值均<0.05),自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂的报告率均最高(x2值分别为13.80、9.72、8.52、11.96,P值均<0.05).结论 大学生恋人间性行为发生率较高,且保护意识缺乏;大学生亲密伴侣暴力现象较常见,且与其他不良心理行为关系密切.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of love affairs and intimate partner violence,and to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and other mental health and risk behavior in college students.Methods Three universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Hefei and Wuhu.Totally.2575 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire.Intimate partner violence,depression,satisfaction of school life,self-esteem,suicidal psychology and behavior were evaluated to estimate the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health/risk behavior.Results There were 46.9%students reported that they had intimate partner currently or in the past.The rate of having intimate partner in male students was higher than that in female students(x2=44.13,P<0.001).And the rates were higher in sophomores and juniors than in freshmen(x2=161.84,P<0.05).There were 21.1% students had sexual behavior with their intimate partners.But only 21.8%(34/156)intimate partners reported that they used condom every time.There were 11.5%(18/156)intimate partners reported that they never took any contraception.There were 18.6%(29/156)students reported that they were pregnant or led to their girlfriend becoming pregnant,but only less than 50.0% adolescents induced abortion in a legal hospitals.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,sexual coercion,the total intimate partner violence were 18.0%,33.6%,5.1%.37.1%.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,total intimate partner violence in male adolescents were higher than those in female adolescents,but the rate of sexual coercion was on the contrary(x2=70.21,13.25,14.04,5.77,P<0.05).Among the intimate partners who had suffered from intimate partner,74.2%(345/446)students had underwent more than 3 times.and 47.1% had underwent more than 2 types of intimate partner violence.The score of depression was highest in the victims of intimate partner violence,but the scores of self-esteem and school life satisfaction were on the contrary(F=4.00,16.39,8.76,P<0.05).The rates of suicidal ideation,suicidal plan,suicidal preparative and attempted suicide were highest in the victims of intimate partner violence(x2=13.80,9.72,8.52,11.96,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of having sexual behavior with their intimate partners was high in college students,but their self-protection awareness was insufficient.In the present study,a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among university students was observed,and highlighted a need for attention to the other mental health and risk behavior in adolescents with intimate partner violence.     

2018年开封市中小学生乙肝防治知识认知状况及影响因素分析

OBJECTIVE To understand the cognitive status and influencing factors of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students of Kaifeng City in 2018, so as to provide a good guarantee for improving students’ health awareness and disease prevention knowledge. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng from May to July 2018 by stratified sampling and cluster sampling. The questionnaire was provided by China Liver Prevention Foundation. Questionnaire survey mainly analyzed in-depth knowledge about hepatitis B among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng City, the score of hepatitis B related knowledge among primary and secondary school students of different ages, and the influencing factors of knowledge about hepatitis B were analyzed. RESULTS The awareness of hepatitis B related knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng was generally low, with a total awareness rate of 47.84%. The awareness rate of knowing hepatitis B was 82.91%, which was the highest. Secondly, the awareness rate of timely vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine after birth was 73.73%. The lowest awareness rate was that there was no specific drug for hepatitis B at present, which was 13.82%. Different characteristics of primary and secondary school students had different scores of hepatitis B knowledge. Ethnic group, age, educational level and household registration had an impact on the score of hepatitis B related knowledge (P<0.05), while gender had no effect on the score of hepatitis B related knowledge (P>0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge about hepatitis B. It found that age and household registration were the factors influencing the score of knowledge about hepatitis B among primary and secondary school students. CONCLUSION It was very important for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B to strengthen the propaganda and education of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students, to do a good job in propaganda of hepatitis B transmission channels and non-transmission channels, and to find a more scientific and reasonable health education mode.     

情感虐待等社会心理因素与初中生抑郁情绪关系的研究

目的 探讨情感虐待、家庭结构、亲友支持和D型人格等社会心理因素与初中生抑郁情绪的关系.方法 以分层整群抽样法,调查广州市5个区3160名初中-年级学生,采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、亲子冲突策略量表、D型人格量表、自编一般情况、家庭结构、亲友支持问卷对他们进行调查,并用相关和路径分析方法探讨情感虐待等社会心理网素与初中生抑郁的关系及联系的途径.结果 (1)女生的抑郁得分(11.2)显著高于男生(10.3)(t=-4.27,P＜0.001),年龄与抑郁得分呈显著正相关(r=0.06,P=0.001).(2)相关分析显示,亲友支持是抑郁的保护因素,情感虐待、D型人格、非双亲家庭是抑郁的危险因素.(3)路径分析发现,负性情感对抑郁影响最大(路径系数为0.37),其次是亲友支持(-0.246)、情感虐待(0.203)、社交抑制(0.075)和家庭结构(0.047),各路径系数检验均具有统计学意义.情感虐待主要经负性情感和亲友支持间接影响抑郁,路径系数分别为0.119和0.05.家庭结构对抑郁的影响最小,且为间接效应.结论 初中生的抑郁情绪受情感虐待等多个社会心理的影响,故应采取综合措施预防其抑郁情绪的发生和发展.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the association between emotional abuse, family structure, family support, type D personality and depressive symptom in junior high school students.Methods 3160 junior high school students were recruited with stratified sampling method in Guangzhou to conmplete a self-administered questionnaire including Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scale, Type D Scale-14, Family Structure Scale, Relative Support Scale and general information. Correlation and path analysis were performed to explore the association of emotional abuse, family structure, family support and type D personality with depressive symptom and their potential pathways. Results ( 1 ) The average level of depressive symptom was higher in girls than in boys, and age was positively related to depressive disorder (r = 0.06, P = 0.001 ).(2)Correlation analysis indicated that family support was a protective factor for depressive symptom,while emotional abuse, type D personality and family structure with single parent were risk factors for depressive symptom. (3)Data from Path analysis showed that the negative affection had the strongest impact on depressive symptom with a path coefficient of 0.37, followed by family support (-0.246),emotional abuse (0.203), social inhibition (0.075) and family structure (0.047). All the path coefficients were statistically significant. Emotional abuse indirectly impacted on depressive disorder through negative affectivity and family support (the path coefficients were 0.119 and 0.05,respectively), while family structure had the smallest indirect impact on depressive symptom.Conclusion Depressive symptom in junior high school students was affected by multiple psychosocial factors, suggesting that comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence and development of depressive symptom.     

北京城、郊区儿童哮喘及相关过敏疾患的室内环境因素比较

Objective To study the indoor environmental factors associated with the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children.Methods A cluster sampling method was used and the ISAAC questionnaire was conducted.A total of 4612 elementary students under Grade Five of 7 schools were enrolled in the survey for the impact of indoor environmental factors on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in several urban and suburban schools of Beijing.Results A total of 4060 sample were finally analyzed including 1992 urban and 2068 suburban.The prevalence of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in the past 12 months was 3.1% (61/1992) ,5.3% (106/1992) ,1.1% (22/1992) among urban children while 1.3% (27/2068) ,3.1% (65/2068), 1.0% (22/2068) among suburban children respectively.The prevalence of wheeze and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis of the past 12 months in urban were both significantly higher than that in suburban ( χ2 = 14.77, 11.93, P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidences of having asthma and eczema ever among urban children (5.3% (105/1992) ,29.4% (586/1992))were significantly ( χ2 = 39.03, 147.22, P ＜ 0.01 ) higher than that among suburban ( 1.7% ( 35/2068 ), 13.8%(285/2068)).Atlthough the distributions of indoor environmental factors were similar in both areas, passivesmoking and interior decoration had different influence on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children in the two areas.The significant impact of passive smoking on having asthma ever among suburban children was observed ( OR = 2.70,95% CI = 1.17 - 6.23 ) while no significant result in urban ( OR = 1.06,95% CI = 0.71 - 1.58 ); the percentage of interior decoration was 84.0% ( 1673/1992 )among urban children and 80.0% (1655/2068)among suburban children, there was significant impact of interior decoration on the prevalence of having eczema ever among urban children ( OR = 1.57,95% CI =1.17-2.10) but no significant results were found in suburban sample (OR= 1.06,95% CI =0.76-1.48).Conclusion The prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children is much higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas and the indoor environmental factors such as passive smoking and interior decoration may differently explain the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in the two areas.     

北京城、郊区儿童哮喘及相关过敏疾患的室内环境因素比较

Objective To study the indoor environmental factors associated with the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children.Methods A cluster sampling method was used and the ISAAC questionnaire was conducted.A total of 4612 elementary students under Grade Five of 7 schools were enrolled in the survey for the impact of indoor environmental factors on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in several urban and suburban schools of Beijing.Results A total of 4060 sample were finally analyzed including 1992 urban and 2068 suburban.The prevalence of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in the past 12 months was 3.1% (61/1992) ,5.3% (106/1992) ,1.1% (22/1992) among urban children while 1.3% (27/2068) ,3.1% (65/2068), 1.0% (22/2068) among suburban children respectively.The prevalence of wheeze and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis of the past 12 months in urban were both significantly higher than that in suburban ( χ2 = 14.77, 11.93, P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidences of having asthma and eczema ever among urban children (5.3% (105/1992) ,29.4% (586/1992))were significantly ( χ2 = 39.03, 147.22, P ＜ 0.01 ) higher than that among suburban ( 1.7% ( 35/2068 ), 13.8%(285/2068)).Atlthough the distributions of indoor environmental factors were similar in both areas, passivesmoking and interior decoration had different influence on the prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children in the two areas.The significant impact of passive smoking on having asthma ever among suburban children was observed ( OR = 2.70,95% CI = 1.17 - 6.23 ) while no significant result in urban ( OR = 1.06,95% CI = 0.71 - 1.58 ); the percentage of interior decoration was 84.0% ( 1673/1992 )among urban children and 80.0% (1655/2068)among suburban children, there was significant impact of interior decoration on the prevalence of having eczema ever among urban children ( OR = 1.57,95% CI =1.17-2.10) but no significant results were found in suburban sample (OR= 1.06,95% CI =0.76-1.48).Conclusion The prevalence of asthma and related allergies among school children is much higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas and the indoor environmental factors such as passive smoking and interior decoration may differently explain the prevalence of asthma and related allergies in the two areas.     

上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚暴露水平

Objective To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Forty-eight puerperas from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the puerperas were singleton pregnancies.excluding high blood pressure.diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congenera(BDE-28,BDE47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-183)were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight(1w),and the range was 1.92-41.55,,g/g 1W. The detection rates of seven congeners(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153,BDE-183)were 98%(47/48),96%(46/48),86%(41/48),90%(43/48),83%(40/48),98%(47/48),90%(43/48),and the median of them was,0.88,0.99,0.97,1.39,1.14,2.17,1.41 ng/g 1w,respectively.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower(0.89 ±0.24),senior high school(1.02±0.17),junior college or higher(1.08±0.28).LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as ＜1000 yuan(0.89±0.12),1000-3000 yuan(1.01±0.24),＞3000 yuan(1.13±0.21).Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers'education level(r=0.322.P＜0.05)and income level(r=0.388.P＜0.05)have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk. Conclusion It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast-milk.however,the education and income levels of the mothers my be the influencing factors.     

上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚暴露水平

Objective To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Forty-eight puerperas from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the puerperas were singleton pregnancies.excluding high blood pressure.diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congenera(BDE-28,BDE47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-183)were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight(1w),and the range was 1.92-41.55,,g/g 1W. The detection rates of seven congeners(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153,BDE-183)were 98%(47/48),96%(46/48),86%(41/48),90%(43/48),83%(40/48),98%(47/48),90%(43/48),and the median of them was,0.88,0.99,0.97,1.39,1.14,2.17,1.41 ng/g 1w,respectively.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower(0.89 ±0.24),senior high school(1.02±0.17),junior college or higher(1.08±0.28).LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as ＜1000 yuan(0.89±0.12),1000-3000 yuan(1.01±0.24),＞3000 yuan(1.13±0.21).Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers'education level(r=0.322.P＜0.05)and income level(r=0.388.P＜0.05)have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk. Conclusion It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast-milk.however,the education and income levels of the mothers my be the influencing factors.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

汶川地震6个月后成都市2所中学学生心理状况

目的了解汶川地震6个月后成都市中学生心理状况,为教育部门和学校开展长期的心理干预提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法在成都市区选取了4561名中学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果中学生焦虑、抑郁和PTSD检出阳性率分别为29．1％、22．6％、10．1％;学生情绪障碍检出情况存在女生焦虑高于男生,男生抑郁、PTSD高于女生,初中生焦虑、抑郁、PTSD均高于高中生的趋势。结论汶川地震6个月过后,地震给成都市区中学生造成的心理影响较震后1个月时有所好转,但是仍然有必要对成都市区中学生开展心理干预。     

汶川地震灾区中学生地震创伤后应激障碍与领悟社会支持的关系

目的 探讨汶川大地震灾区中学生地震创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与领悟社会支持能力之间的关系.方法 使用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PCL-C)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS),对汶川地震灾区3所中学1966名中学生进行自填式问卷调查.结果 1966名中学生的PTSD筛查总阳性率为78.3%,重度PTSD占24.38%.不同领悟社会支持程度的学生PTSD阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且PTSD严重程度与领悟社会支持高低程度呈负性相关(γ=-0.226,P<0.05);不同家庭内、外领悟社会支持程度的学生PTSD阳性率差异有统计学意义(P=0.009,P<0.05)且PTSD严重程度与家庭内、外领悟社会支持高低程度呈负性相关(γ=-0.176,P<0.05,γ=-0.214,P<0.05).结论 地震灾区中学生PTSD的发生率及严重程度与其领悟社会支持的高低程度存在一定关系,领悟社会支持越高者,PTSD发生率越低,程度越轻.对灾区中学生的心理干预应有针对性.     

农村留守初中生人格、自我效能与心理健康关系

目的了解农村留守初中生人格、自我效能、心理健康状况及三者之间的关系。方法采用青少年小五人格问卷、心理健康诊断测验量表和一般自我效能感量表对留守(459人)和非留守初中生(241人)进行问卷调查。结果留守初中生严重心理问题5人,检出率为1.1%,在不同方面存在轻微或中等程度心理问题人数较多的是恐怖倾向、自责倾向及身体症状,分别为133、129、98人,检出率分别为29.0%、28.1%、21.4%;女生身体症状、恐怖倾向、总焦虑倾向分别为(6.68±2.54)、(4.70±2.60)、(44.73±11.32)分,男生分别为(6.02±2.59)、(3.28±2.50)、(41.95±11.65)分,女生均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);自我效能对其焦虑倾向有明显负向预测作用(校正R2=0.045,P<0.001);情绪性、外向性和谨慎性对其焦虑倾向有明显预测作用(校正R2=0.235,P<0.001)。结论在留守学生的心理健康教育中,除积极人格的塑造之外,提高其自我效能感是一条更为直接和更具操作性的途径。     

生活事件对震后中学生心理应激状况的影响

目的探讨生活事件对震后中学生心理应激反应状况的影响,为开展震后中学生心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法采用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)和创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD)对震区413名中学生进行问卷调查。结果中学生PTSD症状有显著的性别差异,女生高于男生;生活事件与PTSD症状反应总分有显著相关;生活事件对PTSD总分及各维度的影响显著,解释了PTSD总分变异的16%,再体验变异的12%,逃避及麻木变异的11%,过度警觉变异的14%。结论生活事件会影响震后中学生心理应激状况的反应。     

应对效能在地震创伤后应激障碍状况的中介效应分析

目的调查5.12汶川地震后四川省汉源县高中生的创伤后应激障碍现状。探讨乐观主义、悲观主义、应对效能和创伤后应激障碍的关系模型。方法采用乐观主义—悲观主义量表、应对效能问卷、事件影响量表、心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表对300名灾区高中生施测。结果震灾2周后,32.65%的灾区高中生应激水平在临界值以上,女生的应激水平显著高于男生,悲观主义能够直接和通过应对效能间接地正向预测PTSD-SS总分,乐观主义通过应对效能间接地负向预测PTSD-SS总分。结论乐观主义和应对效能是灾区高中生的心理保护因素。     

汶川地震后1月成都市区中学生心理状况

目的了解汶川地震后成都市区中学生心理状况，为教育部门和学校采取针对性的心理干预提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法在成都市区选取3324名中学生，做自填式问卷调查。结果中学生焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍检出阳性率分别为30．6％、22．6％和22．1％；学生焦虑和创伤后应激障碍从范围和程度上均体现女生高于男生、初中生高于高中生的趋势。结论汶川地震给成都市区中学生造成了心理影响，应该对成都市区中学生开展心理干预，在心理干预过程中要根据不同的性别、年级和情绪障碍的不同方面制定针对性的方案。     

汶川地震灾后初中生自立人格与社会支持的关系

目的探讨汶川地震16个月后受灾地区初中生的自立人格与社会支持的关系,为地震灾区中学生心理健康的相关工作提供参考。方法采用青少年学生自立人格量表、社会支持评定量表对都江堰市2所普通初中的304名学生进行问卷调查。结果灾区初中生的多数自立人格特质与社会支持的相关有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示自立人格特质能显著预测社会支持。结论自立人格是利于社会支持的人格因素,开展对地震灾区中学生的自立人格培养对于维护震后学生的心身健康有着积极作用。     

家庭关怀及正性情绪对郑州市流动青少年心理韧性的影响

目的 了解正性情绪和家庭关怀对郑州市流动青少年学生心理韧性的影响,并分析正性情绪在两者间的中介效应,为郑州市流动青少年身心健康发展提供理论支持。方法 选取郑州市流动初中生较多的2所中学,以班级为单位随机抽取448名郑州市流动初中学生为调查对象,采用家庭关怀指数调查问卷、正性情感检核表及心理韧性量表进行问卷调查。结果 郑州市流动初中男生心理韧性得分为(93.93±18.53)分,女生为(99.93±14.08)分,差异有统计学意义(t值为-3.881,P＜0.01);郑州市流动初中学生男生的正性情绪得分为(30.36±6.11)分,女生为(29.20±4.03)分,差异有统计学意义(t值为2.394,P＜0.05)。郑州市流动初中男生的家庭关怀度得分为(4.90±2.22)分,女生为(6.01±2.33)分,差异有统计学意义(t值为-5.148,P＜0.01);。家庭关怀度及各因子与郑州市流动初中学生正性情绪和心理任性各因子间存在显著正相关关系。郑州市流动初中生的家庭关怀度对心理任性起到正向预测作用,正性情绪在家庭关怀度与心理韧性之间起到全部中介作用。结论 正性情绪在家庭关怀和心理韧性之间存在中介作用,家庭关怀通过正性情绪间接影响儿童青少年的心理韧性。     

中小学生注意偏向和焦虑抑郁情绪与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系

目的 考察新冠肺炎疫情暴发后消极注意偏向与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状在抑郁、焦虑负向情绪作用下的关系,为中小学校开展心理教育提供科学依据。方法 2021年3—4月,采用方便整群方法抽取北京、山西、湖南、山东、河北、湖北省的小学六年级至初三708名学生,采用事件冲击量表(儿童版)、中文版积极/消极注意偏向量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表进行问卷调查。结果 中小学生PTSD共检出242名,检出率为34.2%。男生在闯入、高唤醒维度上得分(7.92±5.33,8.60±5.41)低于女生(8.72±4.85,9.50±4.76),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.04,-2.32,P值均<0.05);不同年级中小学生在消极注意偏向、事件冲动量表总分及闯入、回避、高唤醒维度得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.57,5.99,4.45,4.60,7.40,P值均<0.05);消极注意偏向、焦虑、抑郁与PTSD症状之间均呈正相关(r=0.27～0.84,P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,焦虑(OR=1.13,95%CI=1.06～1.20)和消极注意偏向(OR=...     

汶川地震灾区中学生焦虑状况调查

目的了解汶川地震18个月后灾区中学生焦虑情绪发生状况。方法抽取地震灾区3所中学初一、初二、高一、高二年级学生共2 729人,采用青少年焦虑情绪障碍筛查表进行问卷调查。结果 44.6%的中学生存在焦虑情绪;女生焦虑情绪发生比例高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=52.163,P<0.001);灾区中学生总体焦虑水平高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(t=9.324、14.695,P均<0.001);高中生广泛性焦虑得分高于初中生,高二学生社交恐怖得分高于其他年级学生;具有地震相关经历的学生焦虑情绪发生比例高于对照组(χ2=20.419、5.155、5.994、38.5141、7.302,P<0.05或0.001)。结论震后18个月,灾区中学生普遍存在焦虑情绪,应重点关注女生、高中年级及具有地震相关经历的学生。