Survey on AIDS related knowledge and attitude among married people of childbearing age in China

<正> Objective:To learn about the current circumstances surrounding AIDS related knowledge,attitudes and relevant influential factors,and to provide recommendations for HIV/AIDS preven-tion and control.Methods:A cross sectional study was designed by the cluster sampling method,and a self-administered,closed,and anonymous questionnaire was administered.There were a total of 4,800 married people of childbearing age,from six counties,during the period November throughDecember,2003.Results:There were 4,693 valid questionnaires and the validity rate was 97.78%.The gen-eral correct rate of AIDS knowledge of the respondents was 63.60%.Factors such as sex,age,place of registered permanent residence and different areas had influence on the level of AIDSknowledge.Respondents knew more about AIDS transmission related knowledge than non-trans-mission related knowledge.Only 30.6% of respondents had heard about volunteer counseling andtesting(VCT)of AIDS,and just 8.5% of them thought that they had the possibility of being in-fected with HIV/AIDS,64.5% of participants were afraid of AIDS,66.5% of them thought thatHIV positive people should be quarantined,74.1% of them held that HIV positive people shouldbe forbidden to go to public places,and they would not like to have dinner(68.8%),shakehands(67.8%),or work(63.4%)with HIV positive people.Respondents of different sex,reg-istered permanent residence,education and living places had different attitudes towards HIV/AIDS.Conclusion:The AIDS knowledge level of respondents is below the goal of 75% up to 2005brought forward by National AIDS Office of China.It is very important to strengthen the Infor-mation,Education,Communication(IEC)on AIDS non-transmission related knowledge amongmarried people of childbearing age,especially those who are younger,lower educated and female.Furthermore,the knowledge about VCT should be publicized.More than half of the respondentshave negative attitudes towards AIDS patients.     

Cross-sectional study on AIDS knowledge and condom use in rural areas

<正> Objective:To understand AIDS knowledge and condom use in rural areas,and to analyze theinfluencing factors of condom use.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study using the cluster-sampling method.4,800 subjects,randomly selected from six counties in China,were questioned using an anonymous survey.Results:36% of the subjects knew that tooth extraction could transmit AIDS.38.4% of thesubjects knew that the use of public razors could transmit AIDS.27.1% of the subjects had useda condom in the last year.The influencing factors of condom use were:sex(OR=1.325),age(OR=1.419),AIDS counseling(OR=2.181),educational level(OR=0.622),location of regis-tered permanent residence(OR=0.732),AIDS knowledge score(OR=0.736),and resident ofhigh AIDS prevalent province(OR=0.354).Conclusion:AIDS knowledge in rural areas is still lacking.The rate of condom use was verylow.The main influencing factors of low condom use were being female,elderly,and no AIDScounseling.Higher educational level,registered permanent resident in town,high AIDS knowl-edge score,and resident of high AIDS prevalent provinces were the propitious factors for condomuse.     

医疗服务过程中艾滋病相关的耻辱与歧视

人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)相关的耻辱与歧视已成为目前HIV/AIDS防治工作的最主要问题之一,特别是在医疗卫生服务过程中更引起了研究者和全社会的重视。本文对国内外卫生服务过程中HIV/AIDS相关的耻辱与歧视的现状、造成的影响以及目前的对策进行了概述,并对其原因进行了初步分析。     

乳腺癌术后患者对乳房重建认知与态度的调查分析

目的了解乳腺癌术后患者对乳房重建的认知和态度现状及影响因素,为实施护理干预及相关知识教育提供参考。方法对乳腺癌术后患者280例采用一般资料问卷和自行设计的乳房重建认知与态度问卷进行调查。结果乳腺癌术后患者对乳房重建的认知得分为(15.39±4.45)分,82.78%患者对乳房重建的认知处于一般以下水平。态度得分为(47.12±9.35)分,仅有21.85%患者对乳房重建持积极态度。年龄、文化程度、是否在职、家庭经济负担影响患者对乳房重建认知及态度(均P0.01)。结论乳腺癌术后患者对乳房重建的认知不足,重建态度不够积极。年轻、文化程度高、在职、家庭经济负担轻的患者更希望进行乳房重建。医护人员应有针对性地加强乳房重建相关知识信息的教育与普及,使患者决策最佳治疗方案。     

老年骨质疏松症椎体骨折患者钙营养知识及态度调查

目的调查分析老年骨质疏松症椎体骨折患者钙营养知识、态度现状。方法对68例骨质疏松症椎体骨折患者使用骨质疏松知识问卷中的钙营养知识部分及骨质疏松健康信念量表中的钙摄入益处和摄入障碍进行调查。结果 68例椎体骨折患者钙量表知识平均为(4.13±2.52)分,仅8.82%可以正确回答"成人每天的钙摄入量";健康信念量表中的钙摄入益处平均为(21.33±3.58)分,钙摄入障碍平均为(19.74±4.47)分。68例中66.18%少喝/不喝牛奶或酸奶,57.35%喜好素食,42.65%服用维生素D,66.18%通过药物补钙。结论老年骨质疏松症椎体骨折患者钙营养知识水平有待提高,需要平衡补钙益处和补钙障碍的态度。富钙食物的摄入、合理补充钙剂等方面亦存在一定问题,需要通过针对性的健康教育提高钙营养,促进健康行为,从而达到预防骨质疏松症并发症的目的。     

南京市相关人员艾滋病知晓率调查报告

目的 :真实了解南京市区相关人群艾滋病知识知晓程度 ,为政府控制及预防艾滋病制定相应政策提供科学依据及建设性意见。　方法 :针对 4类不同人群设计艾滋病知识问卷 ,采取随机、相对集中、匿名独立答卷 ,量化以百分制计分 ,评定艾滋病知识掌握程度。　结果 :向 4类人群发放问卷 2 5 0 0余份 ,收回有效问卷 2 4 36份。医卫人群组 991份 ,平均得分 5 8分 ;大专院校学生 4 73份 ,平均得分 39.9分 ;普通市民组 5 2 4份 ,平均得分 4 2 .3分 ;高危人群 4 4 8份 ,平均得分 4 7分。　结论 :南京市各相关人群艾滋病知晓率均未达到国家要求 ,急需加强宣传与教育。特别是医卫人群须迅速提高专业知识水平 ,否则难以承担防治艾滋病主力军的重任。     

Assessment of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge level among in-school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia

Introduction

In Ethiopia, more adolescents are in school today than ever before; however, there are no studies that have assessed their comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Thus, this study tried to assess the level of this knowledge and the factors associated with it among in-school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted using a facilitator-guided self-administered questionnaire. The respondents were students attending regular school in 14 high schools located in 14 different districts in eastern Ethiopia. The proportion of in-school adolescents with comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge was computed and compared by sex. The factors that were associated with the comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Only about one in four, 677 (24.5%), in-school adolescents have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. The knowledge was better among in-school adolescents from families with a relatively middle or high wealth index (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.39 [1.03–1.87] and 1.75 [1.24–2.48], respectively), who got HIV/AIDS information mainly from friends or mass media (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.63 [1.17–2.27] and 1.55 [1.14–2.11], respectively) and who received education on HIV/AIDS and sexual matters at school (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.59 [1.22–2.08]). The females were less likely to have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge compared to males (adjusted OR and [95% CI]=0.60 [0.49–0.75]).

Conclusions

In general, only about a quarter of in-school adolescents had comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Although the female adolescents are highly vulnerable to HIV infection and its effects, they were by far less likely to have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. HIV/AIDS information, education and communication activities need to be intensified in high schools.     

深圳流动人口性病/艾滋病知识知晓状况及影响因素分析

目的了解深圳流动人口对性病/艾滋病知识的知晓状况及其影响因素,为在流动人口中预防与控制性病/艾滋病传播提供参考。方法采用流行病学横断面调查,通过多阶段抽样的方法在深圳市盐田、罗湖、福田三区选定6个居民小组1,014名暂住的流动人口进行相关知识匿名问卷调查。结果深圳流动人口的性病/艾滋病综合知识平均得分为(56.64±21.00)分。48.42%的对象得分<60分,高分组的比例男性高于女性。关于性病/艾滋病症状的知晓水平最低,平均(44.02±30.09)分,关于传播途径(63.35±25.19)分,防治知识(58.20±24.60)分,回答整体情况稍好。方差分析(ANOVA)和一般线性模型(GLM)分析显示,知识综合得分年龄大的组显著高于年龄小的组(P<0.001),男性高于女性(P<0.001);文化程度高者,知识得分较高(P<0.001),月收入高的组高于月收入低的组(P<0.001),城镇户口者高于农村户口者(P<0.001)。结论大力开展适宜于流动人口的综合宣教,全面普及知识;尤应关注低收入、低学历的年轻农村女性流动人口。     

医科大学新生生殖健康问题的KAP研究———艾滋病知识、态度的调查及启示

为了解低年级医科大学生的艾滋病知识和态度，以及他们对在大学生中开展预防艾滋病教育的看法，１９９７年６月对２６６名上海某医科大学一年级学生（年龄１６～２３岁，男１３０名、女１３６名）进行了问卷调查。调查显示，由于近年来大众媒体对艾滋病的广泛报道，大学新生对艾滋病有一般性了解，但不能正确判断接种疫苗、被蚊虫叮咬、共用坐厕、共用饮食器皿等途径能否传播艾滋病的比例，约为６９％、４８％、３８％和３０％；知道正确使用避孕套能降低感染艾滋病危险性的占６７％。提示，在一年级大学生中应加强艾滋病预防教育，澄清误解，对保护他们自己免受艾滋病威胁，以及在全社会开展控制艾滋病疫情的活动具重要意义。     

Survey of the knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees to HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients

Background  

The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set out to determine the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of Nigerian surgery residents to HIV infection and AIDS.     

新入职护士法律知识认知情况与需求调查

目的了解新入职护士卫生法律法规相关知识的认知程度及其需求,为新护士入职培训提供更加明确、合理的指引,促进新入职护士更好地适应工作和学习。方法采用自编的基本情况问卷、新入职护士法律知识认知程度与需求问卷对287名新入职护士进行问卷调查和分析。结果 85.4%的新入职护士表示其毕业学校有开设卫生法律法规知识课程,且75.5%认为课程种类单一;多数护士表示会主动了解和学习卫生法律法规知识,而且学校课程是他们法律知识的主要获取来源,并且坚定法律的重要性;新入职护士法律素质得分2~9(7.03±1.37)分;99.7%表示需要获得法律知识,且51.9%最希望的途径是案例教学法。结论新入职护士的法律素质亟待加强。医学院校应重视医学生卫生法律法规知识的教育,医疗机构也应加大法律知识的培训力度,以提高新入职护士的法律素质。     

银屑病患者外用药治疗知信行现状的调查研究

目的调查银屑病患者外用药治疗认知、态度、行为的现状,为采取针对性的护理干预提供参考。方法采用自行设计的银屑病患者外用药治疗知信行问卷对281例银屑病患者进行调查。结果银屑病患者对外用药治疗认知水平得分率45.5%;态度信念得分率76.6%;相关行为得分率53.6%。银屑病患者对外用药治疗的认知水平与态度呈正相关(P0.05);外用药治疗的态度与行为呈正相关(P0.05);认知水平与相关行为无明显相关关系(P0.05)。结论银屑病患者对外用药治疗知识相对缺乏,用药安全意识较弱,依从性较差。应加强对银屑病患者外用药治疗知识的培训及用药指导,帮助其建立正确的外用药治疗的健康信念,才能有效地促进正确、合理用药等健康行为的形成。     

KAP study on reproductive health among medical freshmen: a survey of AIDS related knowledge and attitudes and their implications

SincethefirstAIDScasewasreportedin1981,HIV/AIDShasspreadwithanalarmingspeedacrossalmostallcountriesandregionsovertheworld,immenselythreateningallindividuals,familiesaswellascommunities.Sofar,ChinaisatlowepidemicstatusintermsofHIVprevalencerate.However,alloftheriskingfactorsandchannelsoftransmissiondoexist.Forexample,alargefloatingpopulationnumberingin100millions,mainlyruralpeopleseekingjobsinurbancenters,lackingofsexrelatedknowledgeingeneralpopulation,mushroominginsexindustryacrossthenat…     

Perceptions and knowledge about AIDS among family planning clinic attenders in Johannesburg.

Many studies assessing the impact of national AIDS prevention programmes on knowledge, attitudes and practices have been published world-wide. Most have found that, while general knowledge increased, there was little change in behaviour. A survey of a random sample of 50 women attending a family planning clinic in Johannesburg determined the current knowledge, attitudes and practices of these sexually active women, aged 20-29 years. All selected respondents agreed to participate and a pretested structured questionnaire was completed. Most individuals had in excess of 7 years' schooling (78.0%), were single (58.0%) and domestic workers (28.6%). The majority were aware of AIDS (88.0%), but only 13.7% felt their knowledge was adequate. Fifty-two per cent knew sexual intercourse was a mode of transmission. Many misconceptions existed, 64.0% cited toilet seats, 47.1% sharing of utensils and 70.1% donating blood as routes by which HIV infection could be acquired. Only 47.1% and 34.1%, respectively, knew that the contraceptive pill and intra-uterine contraceptive device did not protect against HIV infection. Eighty-six per cent of the women were sexually active and 8.0% admitted to currently having more than one sexual partner. None used condoms and, generally, feelings regarding condom use were negative. Most (88.6%) believed AIDS patients should be hospitalised, 68.2% said in isolation wards, and 27.3% felt that AIDS patients should not be allowed to stay in the community. The implications of these findings are discussed and certain recommendations are made.     

孝感市社区居民脑卒中防治知信行现况调查分析

目的了解孝感市社区居民脑卒中防治知信行现状及相关影响因素,明确需要干预人群特点及干预重点,为开展社区脑卒中健康教育与健康促进干预提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法,对孝感市6个乡镇社区居民1 420人进行脑卒中防治知信行现状调查。结果社区居民脑卒中防治相关知识总均分为28.43±6.79,总知晓率为39.47%,得分率由高到低依次为基础知识(42.26%)、诱发因素(39.36%)、危险因素识别(37.08%)、发病后急救处置知识(25.50%);脑卒中防治信念总均分为39.49±6.34,总得分率为62.68%,其中得分较低的为对脑卒中发病相关危险因素预防重要性的认识;防治行为总均分为37.46±6.47,总得分率为48.03%,其中相关疾病预防监测与治疗行为得分率不足50%。社区居民脑卒中防治知识、态度、行为互为影响(均P0.01)。结论社区居民脑卒中防治知识普遍缺乏,防治态度总体趋向积极,防治健康行为依从性较低。应针对居民知信行特点加大社区脑卒中健康教育和健康促进工作力度。     

艾滋病患者并发弓形体病误诊分析

目的为提高艾滋病合并弓形虫感染的认识和弓形虫形态学识别能力,避免误诊。方法文献复习艾滋病合并弓形虫感染患者的临床特征,弓形体病与黑热病的鉴别要点,以病原体图像比较利杜体、弓形虫形态特点。结果病例诊断为艾滋病合并弓形体病。结论误诊的主要原因是将骨髓中弓形虫速殖子误判为利杜体。     

农民工艾滋病知识、态度、行为及其相关性研究

目的了解农民工艾滋病知识、态度及行为现状,并分析其关系,为实施针对性干预提供参考。方法随机整群抽取西安市9大建筑工地936名农民工进行艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查。结果936名农民工有85.0%听说过艾滋病,知识来源排前三的为电影电视(35.6%)、报纸杂志(27.4%)及广播(16.9%);80.0%愿意接受艾滋病教育;艾滋病知识得分26.8±5.7,态度得分55.3±11.2;2.7%～6.0%有卖血、吸毒等与艾滋病相关的高危行为。农民工艾滋病知识与态度呈显著正相关(P0.01),艾滋病知识、态度与行为之间无明显相关性(均P0.05)。结论农民工艾滋病相关知识缺乏,大部分对艾滋病持害怕、歧视态度;存在一定比率的高危行为,有接受健康教育的意愿。针对性的强化和普及教育,可望提高农民工的艾滋病知识,从而改变错误态度和高危行为。     

Survey on coal miners' knowledge, attitude and practice of occupational health

目的 了解煤矿工人职业健康的相关知识、态度和行为状况,为提出煤矿职业健康促进策略提供依据.方法 自行设计煤矿工人职业健康知识态度行为问卷,采用便利取样法调查山西、河北两煤矿各150名工人.结果 不同地区煤矿工人职业健康知识分、行为分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);煤矿工人职业健康知晓率排前3位的知识为知识维度中的基本概念维度(77.0％)、易患疾病(62.7％)和行为维度中的危险行为维度(54.7％).结论 煤矿工人职业健康知识和行为状况不容乐观,有待加强加强健康教育,以促进其健康行为的养成.     

医学生HIV/AIDS认知研究现状

2005年7月,我国卫生部正式将高校大学生列入艾滋病高危人群。医学专业类大学生是大学生中一个特殊群体,他们既是艾滋病健康教育对象,同时也对预防艾滋病的健康教育负有义不容辞的责任。作为未来医疗工作的主力军,医学生将肩负起预防医源性传播的重任,他们对艾滋病防护知识的掌握及对待艾滋病患者的态度直接影响到艾滋病的防治效果及自身的健康。因此,了解当今医学生对艾滋病相关知识的掌握、态度和行为现状,进而制定相应的政策、规划和措施,对艾滋病防治工作具有十分重要的意义。