CTA对急性脑梗死侧支循环的评估价值及与术后近期预后的相关性分析

目的旨在分析CT血管成像(CTA)对急性脑梗死侧支循环的评估价值及与术后近期预后的相关性。方法回顾分析本院在2017年8月到2019年8月收治的66例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查。根据MSCT检查结果评估患者是否出现侧支循环代偿,采用Logistic回归分析治疗15d后影响急性脑梗死侧支循环形成因素。结果通过MSCT检查情况得出存在侧支循环者有36例(54.54%),无侧支循环患者30例(45.45%)。单因素分析两组患者在年龄、性别、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病、发病到溶栓时间、入院NIHSS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在高血压史、入院rLMC评分、脑动脉狭窄程度上比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在入院NIHSS评分上比较无差异(P0.05),治疗后,有侧支循环组NIHSS评分明显高于无侧支循环组(P0.05)。结论 CTA可有效评估急性脑梗死侧支循环形成情况,有侧支循环代偿能者预后情况较佳,可为临床评估侧支循环提供参考。     

脑侧支循环的研究进展

脑侧支循环与急性脑梗死患者神经功能恢复及预后密切相关,急性脑梗死具有高发病率、高死亡率和高致残率,梗死部位可以通过侧支循环来促进血流恢复或血管再通,从而改善或恢复神经功能缺损症状,因而如何促进脑侧支循环形成一直是研究热点。本综述主要阐述了脑侧支循环的定义及分级、影响因素、评估手段、临床应用等各方面,从而为急性脑梗死患者侧支循环的干预治疗提供指导。     

脑侧支循环与急性脑梗死

急性脑梗死是世界上病死率、致残率最高的疾病之一,而脑侧支循环及其相关评估分别在维持脑组织缺血/再灌注和指导临床治疗方面起重要作用。脑动脉侧支循环与急性脑梗死病情轻重、血管再通及临床预后密切相关。人们也逐渐认识到脑侧支循环形成的重要性。但脑侧支循环的形成受多种因素的影响,包括可干预和不可干预因素。如何利用现有的技术促进脑侧支循环形成是目前研究的热点。     

侧支循环代偿方式对大脑中动脉区脑梗死神经功能缺损的影响

目的:通过对脑梗死患者MCA区采用TCD检查了解其侧支循环代偿情况,探讨其代偿方式对患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法:通过对74例脑梗死患者随机分为三组行TCD检查,分别测双侧ACA、PCA收缩期峰值血流速度,进行侧支循环分级评估。结果:三组侧支循环分级显示PCA代偿组侧支循环等级主要为I级,ACA+PCA代偿组侧支循环等级以Ⅲ级为多,ACA代偿组侧支循环等级以Ⅱ级为主,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TCD检查对脑梗死患者大脑中动脉梗死区神经功能缺损的评估,针对其侧支循环代偿情况评估具有一定意义。     

大脑中动脉狭窄侧支循环与脑血管危险因素相关性分析

目的 研究大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄后侧支循环的建立与脑血管危险因素之间的关系.方法 收集2018年11月～2019年11月在医院行头颈部CT血管造影(CTA)检查的急性脑梗死患者184例为研究对象,根据CTA检查图像,对MCA狭窄程度与侧支循环建立情况进行比较,分析可能影响侧支循环建立的因素.结果 ①随着MCA狭窄程度...     

侧支循环对大脑中动脉梗死部位的影响

目的 研究大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死患者侧支循环与脑梗死部位的关系.方法 回顾性分析66例住院的脑梗死患者,经头部MRI检查确诊大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死,根据颅多普勒超声检查结果确定患者的侧支循环状态及相关性.结果 前交通支开放组43例,其中深穿支梗死28例,皮层梗死15例；后交通支开放组23例,深穿支梗死10例,皮层梗死13例.结论 脑动脉闭塞后侧支循环建立的程度与完整的Willis环及有效侧支循环的数量有关,多支侧支循环建立,更倾向于深穿支梗死.     

经膈门-体侧支循环的影像学表现及临床意义

目的:进一步了解横膈的静脉引流及其在门静脉高压和下腔静脉阻塞时的侧支循环,心包膈静脉曲张及纵隔其他侧支旁路的影像学表现及临床意义。方法:查阅国内外有关经膈门—体侧支循环的影像学文献,并加以总结。结果:经膈门—体侧支循环并不罕见,应常规包括在纵隔及纵隔旁占位性病变的鉴别诊断中。结论:影像学检查尤其是CT检查在经膈门—体侧支循环的诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。     

经膈门一体侧支循环的影像学表现及临床意义

目的：进一步了解横膈的静脉引流及其在门静脉高压和下腔静脉阻塞时的侧支循环，心包膈静脉曲张及纵隔其他侧支旁路的影像学表现及临床意义。方法：查阅国内外有关经膈门一体侧支循环的影像学文献，并加以总结。结果：经膈门一体侧支循环并不罕见，应常规包括在纵隔及纵隔旁占位性病变的鉴别诊断中。结论：影像学检查尤其是CT检查在经膈门一体侧支循环的诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。     

血管造影对急性脑梗死患者的血管病变评估及临床意义

目的 探讨血管造影在急性脑梗死患者的临床应用.方法 对52例急性脑梗死患者行主动脉弓、高选择性颈部和颅内血管造影,分析急性脑梗死患者脑血管病变的影像学特点及其临床意义.结果 52例急性脑梗死患者行数字减影血管造影术,正常9例,异常43例,其中脑血管狭窄/闭塞病变38例,颈内动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉严重迂曲2例,颈总动脉夹层1例;38例血管狭窄/闭塞病例中与本次脑梗死发病相关血管狭窄28例、闭塞10例,颅外段颈内动脉病变约占50%,无症状血管狭窄40处;16例分水岭脑梗死病例中,血管狭窄发生率93.75%,颈内动脉颅外段狭窄占60%;脑梗死病灶侧血管狭窄率≥50%共25例,其中早期颅内侧支循环建立良好、患者症状与体征轻、治疗后恢复快16例,早期颅内侧支循环建立差,治疗过程中病情加重9例,预后差.结论 DSA可明确脑梗死血管病变的性质、判断顸后,为制定防治方案提供依据.     

OCSP分型及侧支循环在急性脑梗死病情和预后判断中的意义

目的探讨OCSP分型结合侧支循环在急性脑梗死期病情和预后判断中的意义。方法将急性脑梗死患者204例按OCSP分型分4组,各组中以有无侧支循环再分组,评定其出、入院日常生活能力量表（ADL评分）并均行头颅磁共振检查。结果（1）OCSP分型与头颅MRI有高度一致性;（2）在OCSP各亚型中,完全前循环梗死（TACI）、部分前循环梗死（PACI）预后差,后循环梗死（POCI）、腔隙性梗死（LACI）预后较好;（3）.在TACI及PACI亚型中,有侧支循环的预后较好,POCI及LACI亚型中侧支循环对预后影响不大。结论OCSP分型结合侧支循环可以初步预测急性脑梗死患者预后,指导治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.