高糖对人肾小球系膜细胞p38MAPK／CREB通路与纤维化的影响

目的探讨高糖环境下人肾小球系膜细胞中p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶／cAMP反应元件结合蛋白（p38MAPK／CREB）通路的活性及细胞外基质成分纤维黏连蛋白（FN）的变化。方法以5．6mmol／L葡萄糖培养基培养肾小球系膜细胞为对照组,观察高糖（30mmol／L）培养12、24、48小时。肾小球系膜细胞p38MAPK／CREB活性和FNmRNA、FN的变化。结果与对照组比较,高糖组各时间p-p38MAPK、P—CREB的表达均上升,并随着时间的延长,其表达逐渐升高;FN的表达升高,并且随着时间的延长,其表达进一步升高。结论高糖环境下p38MAPK／CREB通路被激活,FN表达增加,p38MAPK／CREB通路参与了细胞外基质重构的过程。     

急性胰腺炎患者单个核细胞中p38MAPK、磷酸化p38MAPK水平变化及意义

目的探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)患者外周血单个核细胞p38MAPK基因表达及其与疾病严重程度的关系。方法采用实时荧光PCR法检测29例轻型胰腺炎(MAP)患者(MAP组)、23例重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者(SAP组)及21例查体健康者(对照组)外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)p38MAPK mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测PBMCp38MAPK和磷酸化p38MAPK(P-p38MAPK)蛋白表达水平。结果 p38MAPK mRNA表达水平:SAP组明显高于对照组(P<0.05),MAP组与对照组比较无显著差异;p38MAPK总蛋白量SAP组明显高于对照组(P<0.05),MAP组与对照组比较无显著差异;P-p38MAPK水平SAP组明显高于对照组和MAP组(P<0.01、<0.05);MAP组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 p38MAPK磷酸化水平在AP患者PBMC中显著升高,并与AP严重程度呈正相关。     

亚硒酸钠对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达环氧化酶2的影响

分别以高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、过氧化氢和糖基化终产物孵育大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（RGMC），均可使RGMC环氧化酶（COX）-2mRNA和蛋白表达增加（均P〈0．01）；亚硒酸钠预处理后可抑制上述4种因素诱导的COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表达。亚硒酸钠可能通过抑制COX-2在RGMC的表达，从而在防治糖尿病肾病发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

p38MAPK与糖尿病肾病

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路是细胞将信号从细胞膜传递到核的主要通路。其中p38MAPK在糖尿病肾病(DN)的形成及发展中起着非常重要的作用,它可通过调节转化生长因子β_1、基质金属蛋白酶活性及葡萄糖转运体的表达等多种途径影响纤维连接蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原的生成,影响DN的进程。通过深入研究p38MAPK在DN中的作用,将有助于阐述DN的发病机理,也有助于开发防治DN的新药。     

抑制p38MAPK对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌中TNF—α表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）抑制剂对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）表达的影响。方法：将30只SD大鼠按随机数字法随机均分为空白对照组、缺血再灌注组和抑制剂组,各10只。检测各组p38MAPK mRNA表达,TNF—α水平及心肌细胞凋亡率,并进行比较分析。结果：与空白对照组比较,缺血再灌注组TNF-α[（3．68±0．16）μg／L比（5．02±0．09）μg／L3、p38MAPK mRNA的表达[（1．76±0．46）比（2．35±0．02）]和心肌细胞凋亡率[-（3．51±0．40）％比-（1．8±0．23）％]显著升高（P均=0．001）。抑制剂组p38MAPK mRNA的表达[（2．09±0．16）]、TNF-α水平[（4．15±0．11）μg／L]及心肌细胞凋亡[-（2．9±0．50）％]均较缺血再灌注组显著降低（P均=0．001）。结论：通过抑制大鼠心肌p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的表达能减少肿瘤坏死因子-α的生成,减少心肌细胞凋亡,进而减轻心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤。     

慢性低氧对肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管ERK 1/2、p38MAPK表达的影响

目的：通过建立慢性低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型,研究慢性低氧对大鼠肺血管细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)、p38MAPK蛋白表达的影响。方法建立慢性常压低氧肺动脉高压大鼠模型,将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低氧1d、3d、7d、14d和21d组,应用免疫组织化学技术检测肺动脉高压形成过程中大鼠肺血管 ERK1/2、p38MAPK 蛋白表达水平。结果①RVSP 和 RV/(LV+S)比值较正常对照组明显增加(P<0.05),低氧后3 d、7 d、14 d和21 d后大鼠肺血管明显增厚;②ERK1/2、p38MAPK蛋白广泛分布于肺血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞中,且随着低氧时间的延长,ERK1/2、p38MAPK蛋白表达量增加。结论 ERK1/2、p38MAPK 蛋白表达量的上调可能参与了慢性低氧诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压肺血管重塑的发生、发展过程。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶对HBZY-1系膜细胞株表达NF-κB和MCP-1的调控

目的 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38MAPK)与NF-κB、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1)之间的关系,从而研究p38MAPK和NF-κB、MCP-1在糖尿病肾病中的作用机制.方法 分别以高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、H2O2和糖基化终产物孵育大鼠肾小球系膜细胞株HBZY-1;先以p38MAPK特异抑制剂SB203580预处理细胞株HBZY-1,再给予上述4种因素孵育细胞株HBZY-1,观察其p38MAPK和NF-κB、MCP-1的表达.结果 高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、H2O2和糖基化终产物均可独立激活p38MAPK,使其磷酸化表达量增加,NF-κB、MCP-1表达也明显增加;SB203580预处理后,NF-κB、MCP-1表达被显著抑制.结论 p38MAPK可能通过激活NF-κB、MCP-1而诱导糖尿病时肾脏的损害,p38MAPK和NF-κB、MCP-1在糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程中可能起重要作用.     

p38MAPK在动脉粥样硬化机制中的研究进展

<正>心血管疾病是全球人类死亡的主要原因[1],在这些疾病中,动脉粥样硬化是中国社会死亡率最高的[2,3]。动脉粥样硬化发病风险因素与生活方式有关,包括吸烟、高血压、高血糖和高血脂,个体可能由于基因突变从而倾向于上述某些因素[4～6]。动脉粥样硬化在动脉血管壁中发展,最常见于冠状动脉、颈动脉分支点和股动脉。血管壁由三个组织层组成:腔侧的内膜,介质和与血管周围组织接触的外膜。内膜由单层内皮细胞和内皮下结缔组织组成,在血流和下层组织之间提供屏障。     

Apelin13增强大鼠吗啡镇痛效能及对p38 MAPK和ERK活化的影响

目的探讨鞘内注射Apelin13(APL)对大鼠吗啡镇痛效能的影响。方法选取40只雄性健康SD大鼠进行鞘内置管,并随机分为对照组、APL高剂量(APL-H)组、中剂量(APL-M)组及低剂量(APL-L)组(n=10),APL-H、APL-M及APL-L组分别接受鞘内注射10μl含APL 0.05、0.5、5μg的MES缓冲液,对照组鞘内注射等体积的MES缓冲液,1次/d,连续5 d。各组均在鞘内给药前(d0)和给药后第6天(d6)、7(d7)、8(d8)天皮下注射10 mg/kg吗啡,测定各组右后爪的热刺激缩足反应潜伏期(PWTL)及甩尾潜伏期(TFL),并计算最大可能镇痛效应百分比(MPE)。第8天行为学测试结束后处死大鼠,采用Western印迹检测脊髓腰膨大处的磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p-p38 MAPK)和磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶(p-ERK)的表达。结果各组d0时基础PWTL和TFL的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且对照组和APL-L组d0、d6、d7、d8时PWTL、MPE和TFL的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);APL-M组和APL-H组d6~d8时的PWTL、MPE和TFL水平均高于d0,且APL-M组和APL-H组d6~d8时的PWTL、MPE和TFL水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);APL-M组和APL-H组的p-p38 MAPK和p-ERK水平均低于对照组和APL-L组,且APL-H组该两种蛋白水平均低于APL-L组和APL-M组(P<0.05)。结论鞘内注射APL可抑制热痛敏并提高吗啡镇痛效能,其机制可能与抑制p38 MAPK和ERK活化有关,在恢复吗啡耐受大鼠的吗啡镇痛效果上有一定价值。     

α-硫辛酸对卡那霉素致毒小鼠耳蜗磷酸化p38MAPK表达的影响

目的研究α-硫辛酸(LA)对卡那霉素(KM)致毒小鼠耳蜗磷酸化p38MAPK表达的影响,探讨LA对KM耳毒性损伤的防护作用及其分子机制。方法 20只BALB/c小鼠随机分成对照组、KM组、KM+LA组和LA组,各组动物均连续皮下注射给药14 d,每天2次;应用免疫组织化学SABC法及显微图像分析技术观察耳蜗中磷酸化p38MAPK的表达,同时结合听脑干反应(ABR)测试观察用药前后小鼠听阈的变化。结果KM+LA组小鼠耳蜗磷酸化p38MAPK表达和ABR阈移均明显低于KM组(P<0.01);且磷酸化p38MAPK表达变化与ABR阈移改变高度相关(r>0.7,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 LA可通过显著抑制KM所致磷酸化p38MAPK的高表达,从而有效拮抗KM的耳毒性,这可能是LA发挥防护作用的分子机制之一。     

亚硒酸钠对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞p38MAPK和COX-2表达的调控

目的探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38MAPK)和环氧化酶-2(cvclooxygenase-2,COX-2)的关系,从而研究p38MAPK和COX-2在糖尿病肾病中的作用及硒在防治糖尿病肾病中的作用机制。方法分别以高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、过氧化氢和糖基化终末产物孵育大鼠肾小球系膜细胞系HBZY-1;先给予p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580和亚硒酸钠分别预处理细胞系HBZY-1后,再给予上述4种因素孵育细胞系HBZY-1,观察细胞系HBZY-1 p38MAPK和COX-2的蛋白表达。结果高葡萄糖、高胰岛素、过氧化氢和糖基化终末产物均可独立激活p38MAPK,使其磷酸化表达量增加,COX-2蛋白表达也明显增加;SB203580预处理后,COX-2蛋白表达被显著抑制;亚硒酸钠预处理后,p38MAPK磷酸化被明显抑制,同时COX-2蛋白表达明显降低。结论p38MAPK调控COX-2的表达,表明p38MAPK是COX-2的上游激酶之一,p38MAPK和COX-2在糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程中起重要作用;亚硒酸钠可通过抑制p38MAPK而抑制COX-2表达,从而表明硒能有效地防治糖尿病肾病。     

川芎嗪对哮喘小鼠p38蛋白激酶及类胰蛋白酶表达的影响

目的探讨川芎嗪对哮喘小鼠p38蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）及类胰蛋白酶表达的影响。方法将30只BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组：A组（对照组）、B组（哮喘组）及C组（川芎嗪组）,每组10只,采用鸡卵清蛋白（OVA）与免疫佐剂（氢氧化铝）腹腔注射致敏及用1%OVA生理盐水溶液雾化激发的方法制备哮喘小鼠模型,C组小鼠于每次激发前1 h腹腔注射川芎嗪（80mg/kg/d）,每天1次,持续5 d,A组腹腔注射等量生理盐水致敏及雾化吸入。行HE染色镜下观察各组肺组织病理改变,并采用免疫组织化学染色SP法半定量测定行肺组织中p38MAPK及类胰蛋白酶表达情况。结果 C组小鼠肺组织HE染色病理改变较B组有减轻,且免疫组化结果显示测定C组小鼠肺组织较B组p38MAPK及类胰蛋白酶MOD有降低（P〈0.05）。结论川芎嗪减轻哮喘气道炎症,部分机制可能是通过影响p38蛋白激酶信号通路及肥大细胞活化实现。     

在Fas诱导Bel-7402细胞凋亡中p38MAPK调节Bcl-2的表达

目的:探讨p38MPAK是否参与Fas和AD诱导Bel-7402细胞的凋亡过程,以及p38MPAK和bcl-2的关系,进一步揭示p38MAPK的凋亡途径.方法:在Fas和AD作用24h后,用MTT法检测Bel-7402细胞的活力,用Western-blot和RT- PCR法检测p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK和Bcl-2 expression,用免疫荧光法对p-p38MAPK进行细胞定位.结果:随着Fas浓度的增加,Bel-7402细胞的活力明显抑制,p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK表达明显增高(P<0.01),且p-p38MAPK由胞质易位到胞核.Bcl-2的表达明显降低(P<0.01),并且这种降低趋势被p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580所阻止.结论:p38MAPK参与Fas诱导的凋亡途径,以磷酸化形式激活后抑制Bcl一2的表达,进而促进细胞凋亡.     

Interleukin-1β induces cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer cells by the p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the inducible enzyme in the gastric mucosa responsible for prostaglandin production during inflammation and ulcer healing. The regulation of COX-2 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of interleukin (IL)-1beta on COX-2 expression in the human gastric cancer cell, and explored the signaling pathways involved. METHODS: Gastric cancer cell line AGS was treated with IL-1beta or the inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein-Erk kinase (MEK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase prior to the addition of IL-1beta. The COX-2 mRNA or protein levels were measured by using RT-PCR or western blot analysis, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production/secretion was determined by using the prostaglandin E2 EIA assay. The phosphorylation/activation of p44/42 and p38 MAP kinases were determined by using western blot analysis and using phospho-specific antibodies. RESULTS: Interleukin-1beta treatment dose- and time-dependently increased COX-2 mRNA and protein expression levels, and enhanced PGE2 production/secretion in AGS cells. In contrast, IL-1beta had no effect on the level of the constitutively expressed COX-1. In parallel to the increase of COX-2, we showed that p44/42 and p38 MAP kinase activities were also upregulated by IL-1beta treatment. To demonstrate the cause-effect relationship, we showed that inhibition of MEK and p38 MAP kinase with specific inhibitors suppressed IL-1beta-mediated increases in COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, and the PGE2 production. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that in human gastric cancer cells, IL-1beta upregulates the COX-2 gene expression through the activation of MEK/p44/42 and p38 MAP kinases pathway.     

Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in acquired gemcitabine-resistant human urothelial carcinoma sublines

Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer. A better understanding of how resistance arises and what molecular alterations correlate with resistance is the key to developing novel effective therapeutic strategies. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of gemcitabine (Gem) resistance and provide possible therapeutic options, three Gem-resistant urothelial carcinoma sublines were established (NG0.6, NG0.8, and NG1.0). These cells were cross-resistant to arabinofuranosyl cytidine and cisplatin, but sensitive to 5-fluorouracil. The resistant cells expressed lower values of [hENT1 × dCK/RRM1 × RRM2] mRNA ratio. Two adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette proteins ABCD1 as well as multidrug resistance protein 1 were elevated. Moreover, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 were upregulated, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were repressed significantly. Administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced the Gem sensitivity in NTUB1 cells, whereas that of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase MAPK inhibitor did not. Furthermore, the Gem-resistant sublines also exhibited higher migration ability. Forced expression of p38 MAPK impaired the cell migration activity and augmented Gem sensitivity in NG1.0 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that complex mechanisms were merged in acquiring Gem resistance and provide information that can be important for developing therapeutic targets for treating Gem-resistant tumors.     

p38MAPK表达与血管平滑肌细胞增殖关系的研究

目的探讨丝裂素活化蛋白激酶p38(p38MAPK)的表达与血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖的关系以及检测p38MAPK反义寡核苷酸(AODN)对VSMC增殖的抑制作用。方法将培养大鼠胸主动脉VSMC,随机分为对照组、p38MAPKAODN组、正义寡核苷酸(SODN)组。采用噻唑蓝比色分析法(MTT)和流式细胞仪检测VSMC,用蛋白免疫印迹法测定p38MAPK蛋白量。结果p38MAPKAODN能减少p38MAPK蛋白表达,明显抑制VSMC增殖,其抑制作用与p38MAPK蛋白表达相关,呈剂量依赖性。结论p38MAPKAODN能抑制大鼠VSMC增殖,该信号分子与VSMC增殖密切相关,可能是VSMC增殖的信号途径。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制剂减少大鼠肝脏炎症细胞因子的表达

目的 观察p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)抑制剂SB203580阻断p36 MAPK信号通路,减少脑死亡大鼠肝脏促炎细胞因子表达的作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠30只,体质量180～200 g,随机分3组,每组10只.脑死亡组:诱导大鼠及死亡;脑死亡+SB203580组:大鼠脑死亡诱导成功后,经阴茎背静脉注射SB203580(10 mg/kg);两组大鼠脑死亡诱导成功,行人工呼吸6 h后,若平均动脉压大于80 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),则为脑死亡供体,获取肝脏待检.对照组:正常大鼠麻醉后取肝脏待检.逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测肝脏肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α和白细胞介素(IL)-1β的mRNA表达,Western blot检测肝脏TNF α和IL-1 β的蛋白质表达以及磷酸化p38 MAPK的表达.多个样本间比较行One-Way ANOVA分析,SNK法行两两样本间比较.结果 脑死亡组大鼠肝脏出现p38 MAPK磷酸化,磷酸化p38 MAPK的相对表达量比对照组明显增加(0.190±0.004比0.001±0.002),差异有统计学意义(q=172.53,P＜0.01);肝脏TNF α的mRNA和蛋白质表达量分别为0.670±0.012和0.240±0.003,较对照组(分别为0.130±0.013和0.001±0.002)明显增加(q值分别为123.99和243.09,P值均＜0.01);肝脏IL-1 β的mRNA和蛋白质表达量分别为0.560±0.009和0.190±0.003,较对照组(分别为0.160±0.010和0.001±0.002)明显增加(q值分别为135.35和192.23,P值均＜0.01).脑死亡SB203580组大鼠肝脏p38 MAPK磷酸化下降,磷酸化p38 MAPK的表达量(0.120±0.004)比脑死亡组明显下降(q=63.90,P＜0.05),但仍明显高于对照组(q=108.63,P＜0.01);肝脏TNF α的mRNA和蛋白质表达量分别为0.430±0.016和0.180±0.004,较脑死亡组明显下降(q值分别为55.11和61.03,P值均＜0.01),但仍高于对照组(q值分别为68.89和182.06,P值均＜0.01);肝脏IL-1β的mRNA和蛋白质表达量分别为0.270±0.009和0.140±0.004,较脑死亡组明显下降(q值分别为98.13和50.85,P值均＜0.01),但仍高于对照组(q值分别为37.22和141.38,P值均＜0.01).结论 SB203580能抑制p38 MAPK的磷酸化,阻断p38 MAPK信号通路,减少脑死亡大鼠肝脏促炎细胞因子表达,降低肝脏免疫原性.     

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway--a potential target for intervention in infarction, hypertrophy, and heart failure

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38s) are stress-activated Ser/Thr kinases. Their activation has been associated with various pathological stressors in the heart. Activated p38 is implicated in a wide spectrum of cardiac pathologies, including hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, as well as systolic and diastolic heart failure. In this review, the specific contribution of different isoforms of p38 kinases to cardiac diseases as well as TAB-1-mediated non-canonical activation pathway are discussed as a rationale for inhibiting p38 activity to treat cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic injury, and heart failure. Finally, a summary of current clinical trials targeting p38 kinases in cardiovascular diseases is provided to highlight the potential promise as well as existing challenges of this therapeutic approach. This article is part of a special issue entitled “Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.”     

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase regulate interleukin-8 and RANTES production in hyperosmolarity stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells

OBJECTIVE: We have previously shown that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates, at least in part, hyperosmolarity induced interleukin (IL)-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC). In the previous study, hyperosmolarity also activated c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK); however, the role of the JNK signalling pathway has not been determined. In the present study, we examined the role of the JNK signalling pathway in hyperosmolarity induced IL-8 and RANTES production by BEC using the novel inhibitor of the JNK signalling pathway CEP 11004 in order to clarify these issues. METHODS: Bronchial epithelial cells that had been pre-incubated with SB 203580, CEP 11004 or a combination of these were exposed to a hyperosmolar medium and then the p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation activity in these cells and IL-8 and RANTES concentrations in the culture supernatants were determined. RESULTS: The results showed that: (i) hyperosmolarity induced the threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK; (ii) SB 203580, as the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK activity, and CEP 11004 attenuated hyperosmolarity induced p38 MAPK and JNK activity, respectively; (iii) SB 203580 and CEP 11004, but not PD 98059, partially attenuated IL-8 and RANTES production; and (iv) a combination of SB 203580 and CEP 11004 attenuated IL-8 and RANTES production in an additive fashion. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that p38 MAPK and the JNK pathway regulate hyperosmolarity induced IL-8 and RANTES production by BEC.