显微手术和介入治疗急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂的对比性研究

目的 比较显微外科手术和血管内介入治疗急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂的疗效和相关并发症。方法 82例破裂性颅内动脉瘤，均在蛛网膜下腔出血急性期(72h以内)行外科治疗，其中行显微手术瘤颈夹闭40例，血管内电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗42例。对两组疗效和并发症进行对比分析。结果 显微手术组，完全夹闭率92．5％，手术相关并发症4例，死亡2例。弹簧圈栓塞组，完全闭塞率71．4％，栓塞组相关并发症6例，死亡1例。在前循环动脉瘤中，栓塞组完全闭塞率与手术组完全夹闭率相比较，显微手术组结果优于栓塞组。临床随访6个月，两者预后良好者均达95．0％。结论 显微瘤颈夹闭术和血管内栓寒治疗均是颅内动脉瘤治疗的有效方法。     

颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法探讨

目的：探讨颅内动脉瘤诊断,治疗方法和手术时机的选择,以提高手术疗效,减少残废率和病死率,方法：对410例颅内动脉瘤进行手术治疗,其中172例行直视手术夹闭,238例行血管内栓塞治疗,结果：疗效优298例,良852例,差12例,植物生存1例,死亡4例,结论：CT、MRI,MRA可为诊断颅内动脉瘤提供重要住处,多普勒（TCD）可作为无创性筛选,DSA是必不可少的决定性检查,直视显微手术夹闭术和血管内栓塞治疗是颅内动脉瘤的主要治疗方法,二者有机结合使颅内动脉瘤的治疗日趋完善,动脉瘤裂出血,主张早期或超早期手术。     

Hunt-HessⅣ级颅内动脉瘤的早期血管内治疗

目的 探讨早期血管内栓塞颅内Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级动脉瘤的临床疗效及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤16例16个颅内动脉瘤。结果 16例完全栓塞11例，大部分栓塞5例，1例死亡，并发动脉瘤破裂2例、脑血管痉挛3例、脑梗死2例、4例再次栓塞后痊愈。结论 早期血管内栓塞是治疗颅内Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级动脉瘤较理想方法。     

破裂颅内动脉瘤急性期的优化治疗

显微手术夹闭与血管内栓塞是颅内动脉瘤治疗的常用方法~([1]).但对治疗方案的选择、治疗时机的把握与疗效评价仍有较大争议~([2-3]).我们总结了经显微手术夹闭和血管内介入栓塞治疗的160例破裂颅内动脉瘤,取得了满意疗效.     

电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤的技术及并发症防治

目的总结以电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验。方法采用GDC对168例颅内动脉瘤患者进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果成功栓塞168个动脉瘤,其中100%闭塞的144个,95%闭塞的14个,90%闭塞的10个;全组6例死亡,死亡率3.6%。术中并发动脉瘤破裂3例,脑血管痉挛9例,脑梗死2例,术后弹簧圈末端逸出2例;3例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈。随访5~54个月,全组术后均无再出血。结论动脉瘤的血管内治疗应根据病情进行个体化设计,并采用与之相应的栓塞技术才能最大限度的提高动脉瘤栓塞的治愈率、降低并发症。     

介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤46例临床分析

目的观察颅内不同部位和类型动脉瘤介入治疗疗效,总结个体化治疗经验。方法回顾性分析46例不同部位和类型共51个动脉瘤栓塞治疗的临床资料。结果 51个动脉瘤完全闭塞43个,闭塞95%以上5个,闭塞90%以上3个,术中动脉瘤破裂2例,死亡1例,成功随访30例。3¹2个月无复发。结论对不同部位和类型颅内动脉瘤采用可脱性弹簧圈栓塞及支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞疗效可靠。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后假性动脉瘤的血管内治疗时机与并发症防治

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后在其破口周围所形成的假性动脉瘤与真性动脉瘤（TAN-FAN）复合体的血管内栓塞时机及并发症防治方法。方法采用电解可脱性弹簧圈对58例TAN—FAN复合体进行血管内栓塞。结果58例TAN—FAN复合体中24例（41．4％）为出血后7天内进行栓塞，20例（34．5％）为出血后7天～2周内进行栓塞，14例（24．1％）为出血后2周～1个月内进行栓塞。58个动脉瘤均被成功栓塞，其中真性动脉瘤腔100％闭塞者46个，95％闭塞者9个，90％闭塞者3个；13例A型与31例B型假性动脉瘤腔均未行弹簧圈填塞，14例C型中11例仅用弹簧圈疏松填塞假性动脉瘤腔，另3例用3D-GDC仅栓塞真性动脉瘤腔部分。术中并发动脉瘤破裂1例；并发脑血管痉挛2例；并发脑梗死3例。1例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈。其治疗结果根据Glasgow预后评分：Ⅰ级43例，Ⅱ级11例，Ⅲ级3例，全组死亡1例，死亡率1．7％。术后随访3～60个月均无再出血。结论对动脉瘤破裂后形成的TAN—FAN复合体应早期进行血管内栓塞；只有根据TAN—FAN复合体不同的类型采用不同的栓塞方法进行个体化治疗，并具有丰富的动脉瘤栓塞经验，才能最大限度的降低并发症。     

未破裂颅内动脉瘤72例临床分析

目的 探讨未破裂颅内动脉瘤的处理方式及其疗效,以指导临床治疗.方法 回顾性分析我科收治的72例未破裂颅内动脉瘤的患者,所有患者均行DSA或CTA明确诊断,采用血管内栓塞治疗、开颅手术夹闭或者观察三种治疗策略,对比分析其疗效.结果 血管内栓塞治疗15例,手术夹闭40例.出院时GOS评分5分血管内介入治疗组14例（93.3%）,开颅手术夹闭组31例（77.5%）.两组患者治疗后出院前行GOS评分经卡方检验无明显差异（P＆gt;0.05）.观察随诊处理17例,无变化15例,再出血2例.结论 根据未破裂动脉瘤的特点、患者自身状况及要求、就诊中心诊疗技术等决定未破裂动脉瘤的治疗方式,个体化治疗是最佳的治疗方案.     

颅内动脉瘤手术和血管内治疗的适应证和疗效分析

目的：探讨颅内动脉瘤手术治疗和血管内治疗各自的适应证，优缺点和治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析我科自1994年6月至2001年7月收治颅内动脉瘤278例，其中手术治疗173例，血管内治疗105例。手术治疗组包括前交通动脉瘤（AcoAA)65例，后交通动脉瘤（PcoAA)60例，大脑中动脉瘤（MCAA）20例，颈内动脉瘤（ICAA）20例，胼周动脉瘤（ACAA）2例，后组循环动脉瘤8例。血管内治疗采用机械可控式弹簧圈（MDS）或电解可控式弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞疗法，栓塞的动脉瘤包括AcoAA22例，PcoAA42例，MCAA13例，ICAA9例，后组循环动脉瘤4例。采用球囊闭塞颈内动脉治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤25例。结果：手术治疗组出院时治疗结果为优者157例（90．8％），中度残疾5例（2．9％），重度残疾4例（2．3％），死亡9例（5．2％），其中I，Ⅱ级病人无死亡。血管内治疗组出院时治疗结果为优者96例（91．4％），中度残疾1例（1．0％），重度残疾4例（3．8％），死亡4例（3．8％）。结论：血管内治疗和显微外科治疗同属微侵袭治疗范畴，各自有其优缺点。对于大部分颅内动脉瘤来讲，二种方法均可选用，并可取得良好效果。     

颅内后循环动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的总结颅内后循环动脉瘤的特点,探讨其血管内介入治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析40例行血管内介入治疗的颅内后循环动脉瘤患者的临床和影像学资料、介入治疗过程,观察期效果及术后随访结果。结果 40例患者共发现42个后循环动脉瘤,均完成血管内介入治疗,其中8个行单纯弹簧圈栓塞,28个行支架辅助栓塞,1个行Onyx胶栓塞,5个动脉瘤及载瘤动脉同时闭塞。术后即刻DSA造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞30个,近全栓塞6个,部分栓塞6个。术后6个月随访DSA造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞36个,近全栓塞4个,部分栓塞1个。患者出院时行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,0分35例,1分3例,2分1例,1例死亡为6分;出院后3~6个月随访mRS评分0分38例,1分1例,无动脉瘤复发及新发神经功能障碍病例。结论颅内后循环动脉瘤具有特殊的临床与影像学表现,且复杂动脉瘤较为常见,对于颅内后循环动脉瘤,血管内介入治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

多发性颅内动脉瘤的治疗

目的 比较显微外科与血管内治疗对多发性颅内动脉瘤（MIA）的治疗效果和并发症发生率的差别。方法 回顾分析20例MIA（共46个动脉瘤）,根据MIA所在部位的区域分级标准,Ⅰ级8例（占40%）,Ⅱ级10例（占50%）,Ⅲ级2（占10%）。级别越高者,多倾向于选择血管内治疗。结果 显微外科手术组8例,共19个动脉瘤,18个镜下全部夹闭、1个没发现未夹闭。血管内治疗组8例,共17个动脉瘤,14个100%闭塞、1个90%以上闭塞、2个因动脉瘤小导管不能到位未治。颅内外血管搭桥加颈内动脉闭塞2例。未治2例。结论 MIA所在部位的区域分级有助于治疗方法的选择,对MIA多倾于血管内治疗,必要时可2种方法联合应用。     

Clinical and angiographic outcome of intracranial aneurysms treated with Matrix detachable coils in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND: Aneurysm recurrence is an innate problem in endovascular treatment of aneurysms with coils. A coated coil system named Matrix (Boston Scientific Neurovascular, Fremont, CA), covered with a bioabsorbable polymeric material (polyglycolide/lactide copolymer [PGLA]), was developed to accelerate intraaneurysmal clot organization and fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Matrix detachable coils in patients with intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal recurrence rate. METHODS: In a regional neurosurgical center in Hong Kong, data of patients undergoing endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysm was collected. In a 20-month period, 42 patients with 44 aneurysms were treated by endovascular embolization using matrix coils alone or mixed with bare platinum coils. Thirty-four patients presented with ruptured aneurysms, and 8 patients presented with unruptured aneurysms. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (60%) had 6-month follow-up DSA, and 10 patients (24%) had 18-month follow-up DSA. Seven aneurysm recurrences were identified, amounting to 16% for all aneurysms and 14% for ruptured aneurysms. Four patients were treated by repeated embolization, and 2 patients were treated by microsurgical clipping. Two adverse events due to thromboembolism were noted. One 78-year-old lady with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage treated by partial embolization died from rebleed at day 4. Another patient with partial embolization and spontaneous thrombosis of dorsal wall ICA aneurysm died at 2 months with aneurysm recanalization with rerupture. Twenty-six patients achieved favorable outcome (GOS score 4 or 5) at last follow-up. The aneurysm recurrence rate using bare platinum coils of the same center was 11% and 7% for all aneurysms and ruptured aneurysms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Matrix coil embolization was safe, but there was no reduction in aneurysm recurrence using matrix coils alone or mixed with GDCs, compared with GDCs alone.     

The role of surgery when endovascular treatment is considered the first choice therapy for ruptured intracranial aneurysms

AIM: Nowadays endovascular therapy is more and more considered as first choice treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The aim of this study was to understand the impact that endovascular treatment (EVT), chosen as first therapeutic strategy, has had in the selection of ruptured intracranial aneurysms submitted to surgery at our Institution and what role neurosurgeons still play in this setting. METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 272 consecutive patients were treated at the Hospital of Toulouse for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: 222 by embolization and 50 by surgery. The two groups were homogeneous for sex, age and aneurysms multiplicity. RESULTS: The patients of the surgical group had a worst clinical-radiological status at the treatment time than those treated by EVT. Clipping was performed for different reasons: 16% for failure of attempted EVT; 32% for intracranial hematoma requiring surgical evacuation; 30% for aneurysm morphology unsuitable for EVT and 22% for absence of the endovascular operator. Aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) represented the main surgical group. The aneurysms judged unsuitable for EVT and addressed to surgery had often a complex morphology representing a challenge also for surgery. Mid-term outcome is significantly better for patients treated by EVT. CONCLUSION: The results show that microsurgery continues to have a role in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms even when EVT is the first choice. The precarious clinical conditions of the patients submitted to surgery and the frequent complexity of their aneurysms explain their worst outcome. This would advise training dedicated vascular Neurosurgeons to guaranty a high level treatment when EVT is not possible.     

Review of endovascular stent‐assisted embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms

Objective: This was a retrospective review of the results using stent‐assisted coil embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: The records of seven patients treated with stent‐assisted Gugliemi detachable coil (GDC) embolization were retrieved from the authors’ prospectively maintained database. The clinical presentation, site and type of aneurysms, treatment procedure and complications, and outcome of these identified cases were reviewed. Results: Between January 2002 and May 2004, seven patients with intracranial aneurysms, four of which were ruptured, were treated by stent‐assisted GDC embolization. Four aneurysms were located at the anterior circulation and three were at the posterior circulation. The indications for stent use were: giant aneurysm (>2.5 cm), dissecting pseudo‐aneurysm, broad‐necked aneurysm and the need for preservation of important parent arteries or branches. Concerning the technical aspect, all except one had successful stent deployment. One stent dislodged after apparent successful deployment. GDC embolization was continued and the aneurysm was partially occluded. More than 90% occlusion of aneurysm sac was achieved in six aneurysms. Intraoperative complications included over‐coagulation, failure in stent deployment, displacement of stent, coil entrapment and thromboembolism. One patient had added focal neurological deficit after the procedure, and one became vegetative due to an unrelated cause. The patient in whom the stent was dislodged suffered another subarachnoid haemorrhage 4 months later and died. Conclusion: Percutaneous intracranial stent is a new and useful device to assist embolization of cerebral aneurysms that were previously not amenable to endovascular therapy. These preliminary results suggest that this procedure could achieve satisfactory outcomes without significant complications.     

126例颅内动脉瘤破裂的早期显微外科治疗

目的探讨早期显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂的疗效。方法126例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者根据Hunt—Hess分级,Ⅰ级20例、Ⅱ级37例、Ⅲ级42例、Ⅳ级18例、Ⅴ级9例。126例患者第一次手术均在出血后72h内,13例颅内多发动脉瘤患者进行了二次手术,所有患者术后用格拉斯哥评分表（GOS）随访1—3年。结果恢复良好98例;中度病残,但生活自理18例;重度病残,生活不能自理4例;植物生存1例;死亡5例。结论早期显微外科手术是治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂的有效方法,能改善动脉瘤患者的生存质量。     

Successful Coil Embolization of a Ruptured Basilar Artery Aneurysm in a Child with Leukemia: A Case Report

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are rare in the pediatric population compared to adults. This has incited considerable discussion on how to treat children with this condition. Here, we report a child with a ruptured saccular basilar artery aneurysm that was successfully treated with coil embolization. A 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and accompanying abdominal candidiasis after chemotherapy suddenly complained of a severe headache and suffered consciousness disturbance moments later. Computed tomography scans and cerebral angiography demonstrated acute hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by saccular basilar artery aneurysm rupture. External ventricular drainage was performed immediately. Because the patient was in severe condition and did not show remarkable signs of central nervous system infection in cerebrospinal fluid studies, we applied endovascular treatment for the ruptured saccular basilar artery aneurysm, which was successfully occluded with coils. The patient recovered without new neurological deficits after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Recent reports indicate that both endovascular and microsurgical techniques can be used to effectively treat ruptured cerebral aneurysms in pediatric patients. A minimally invasive endovascular treatment was effective in the present case, but long-term follow-up will be necessary to confirm the efficiency of endovascular treatment for children with ruptured saccular basilar artery aneurysms.