医学生英语词汇搭配水平探析

本文对北京某大学的一二年级567名医学生进行调查发现,医学生在对不同类型的英语词汇搭配和不同共现频率的词汇搭配方面各有特点。被调查的567名医学生在总分为100分的词汇搭配测试卷中平均得分只有46.06分,大大低于同期对于词汇量的测试成绩。学生的成绩在不同类别的词汇搭配中表现显著不同:第一类搭配“动词+名词/代词”成绩显著好于其他类别;最难掌握的是第四类搭配“名词1+of+名词2”。对于高共现频率的词汇搭配,学生们的成绩普遍较好。本次调查结果显示:将英语作为第二语言医学生英语学习者需要非常注意学习第四类的搭配,对于第二类搭配“形容词/名词+名词”和第三类搭配“名词+动词”,也需要引起足够的重视。     

中国学步期儿童词汇能力(普通话)发展特点研究

以南京市326名学步期儿童为研究对象,使用普通话版中文早期语言与沟通发展量表,分别在儿童14～16个月(T1)和24～26个月(T2)时两次评估儿童的词汇能力。研究发现,在T1时,儿童象声词表达能力显著高于其他词汇,动词表达能力高于名词,儿童词汇理解能力的性别差异表现于5类词汇,词汇表达能力的性别差异表现于4类词汇;在T2时,儿童词汇表达能力的性别差异表现于12类词汇。第15个月是儿童表达名词、动词、形容词/副词、游戏/常规词和象声词能力发展的关键期;数词、量词、方向词、代词、疑问词、时间词表达能力发展的关键期可能在第17～23个月间。     

解析英语介词的构成及用法

英语介词虽属虚词类,但由于它的自身特点,如使用频率高、用法相当灵活等,对于英语学习者来说,很难对它运用自如.就此本文全面剖析了英语介词的特点,介绍了它的五种构成,并结合例句,分析了它如何与名词、形容词,动词搭配使用.最后总结了介词短语在句中可以做状语、表语、定语、补足语、主语,宾语的语法功能.通过本文叙述,希望在高职高专应用英语专业语法教学中,更加重视介词的讲解.     

病理生理学双语教学课程改革的初探

目的探讨病理生理学课程改革在双语教学中的可行性。方法采取问卷调查的方式对临床本科大三学生800名,调查病理生理学采取双语教学是否他们愿意接受,是否希望病理生理学上课采取中英文结合的方式,并设实验班和对照班进行试验,抽取临床本科大三800名学生中的两个班级共100名学生,实验班进行双语教学,对照班采用常规教学模式,然后进行理论考试和再次的调查问卷。结果 800名学生中78%医学生认为病理生理学应该开展双语教学,86%医学生认为双语教学可以积攒一些英文词汇,72%医学生提高了英语学习的兴趣,65%医学生增强了阅读英文文献的能力,61%医学生锻炼了英语听说读写的能力;由实验班的学生对双语教学的反馈,结果显示58%医学生增强了学习的主动性,76%医学生提高了英语口语的交流能力,88%医学生还增强了医学英文词汇的储备能力。实验组的病理生理学的期末平均成绩为(80.13±2.50)分,对照组为(75.21±1.50)分。两组病理生理学期末成绩比较差异高度有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论病理生理学课程改革中的双语教学具有可行性。     

怎样提高英语的阅读理解技能

阅读，对于学英语的人来说非常重要，尤其对于医学生。作为一名英语教师，应根据学生的不同类型，在听、说、读、写四个方面各有侧重．医学生学英语的目的在于将来能用自己学过的英语知识阅读一些外文书籍，把国外的一些医学先进经验引进来，或不至于进口了一台机器，因不任外文无法操作而束之高阁。因此，对于医学生来讲，四种技能中应侧重于阅读理解。己阅读理解依赖于三种因素即词汇、结构和含义．一般来讲，一种好的阅读技能，不但能提高阅读速度，而且也能帮助读者把阅读理解能力提高到一定水平。当读一篇文章时，至少应该读两遍，第一…     

医学生校园人际关系的现状分析与思考

目的：了解医学生人际关系的状况。方法：采用自编的“医学生人际关系调查问卷”对456名学生施测，结果：医学生交友态度在不同年级、南方与北方存在显著性差异，对于校园人际氛围，贫困生与非贫困生不满意度存在显著差异；对于师生关系．不同年级、贫困生、独生子女存在显著差异；对于宿舍人际关系，不同年级存在差异：结论：校园人际关系对医学生的学习、生活影响是至关重要的，应针对医学生的心理特点，实施有效的人际交往心理教育：     

医学类专科学生英语词汇学习现状实证研究

目的调查、分析医学专科学生英语词汇学习现状,为探索词汇教学的有效途径提供参考。方法以200名2010级医学专业专科学生为研究对象,按英语词汇测试成绩从高到低排列,成绩前30％和后30％分为“高分组”和“低分组”,通过自制量表调查2组学生的词汇学习现状,采用PASWStatistics统计工具进行探索性因子分析,独立样本t检验以比较2组学生词汇学习的异同。结果在析出的4个因子中,2组学生在词汇学习“态度”“方法策略”（P=-0．000）,“词汇深度”（P=0．010）3个因子上呈现的差异均有统计学意义,在词汇“重要性”认识（P=0．099）上差异无统计学意义。结论词汇学习态度、方法策略、深度是影响词汇学习的重要因素。在教学过程中应引导学生转变词汇学习态度,激发兴趣,倡导自主学习,同时改善词汇学习方法,重视词汇深度。     

集对分析在试卷分析中的应用探讨

目的 探讨集对分析在试卷分析中的应用。方法 抽取某科3个班135名学生应答的试卷，根据答对得分、答案缺陷与未答扣分、答错失分情况建立联系度表达式p=a＋bi＋cj，评价成绩水平；对135名学生于试卷的μ中 a划定界值。以确定试卷的有效性，并用“顺势取值法”分离其b项用以估算成绩潜在增分。令其集对势值a／e、a／b为易度指数，用以评价试题难易度。同时与传统试卷分析作比较。结果 135名学生成绩表达式为μ0=0．75＋0．15i＋0．10j；该试卷为有效试卷；第3、5题为难题，第4题为易题；成绩潜在增分为0．11（11分）。结论 与传统法相比，能判别试卷有效性、评价试题难易度、估算成绩潜在增分，能在描述得分水平的同时描述答错失分水平和因概念模糊而被扣分的水平。     

医学生学习倦怠与学习成绩现状及其关系的研究

目的 研究医学生学习倦怠和学习成绩的现状及其两者之间的关系.方法 采用“大学生学习倦怠问卷”对某医学院校184名医学生进行调查,并将调查结果进行多因素方差分析及相关分析.结果 医学生学习倦怠的每题平均得分为2.778分;学习倦怠人数占总人数的37.5％,不同性别医学生在情绪低落、行为不当、成就感低各个维度的得分及学习倦怠总分上存在显著差异(P＜0.05);不同学制、性别及家庭所在地的医学生,其学习成绩差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);医学生学习倦怠和学习成绩之间存在极其显著的负相关,医学生的学习倦怠是学习成绩的重要预测变量.结论 医学生存在一定程度的学习倦怠,学习倦怠与学习成绩有一定的相关性.     

高职高专医学生英语学习策略调查和分析

以来自临床、护理和涉外护理三个专业的748名二年级学生为研究对象,采用学习问卷的调查方式,探究了高职高专医学生英语学习策略的运用倾向,四类学习策略与高等学校英语应用能力A级考试成绩和的相关性.结果表明:(1)高职高专医学生较多地使用认知策略;(2)不同专业之间的学生策略使用上存在差异;(3)学习策略的选择、使用与A级考试成绩有相关性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.