Tula--city of hospitals (memoirs of a pathoanatomist at a hospital evacuated from the front)

In spite of all difficulties connected with the war time, the clinico-anatomical conferences were carried out in hospitals and the errors of clinical diagnostics were analyzed.     

Human β-defensins—at the front line of the peritonsillar abscess

Antimicrobial proteins like human β-defensins 1-4 (hBD1-4) protect the surface of organs against different bacteria. Little is still known about these proteins within an abscess formation. The purpose of this study was to analyse and describe the distribution of the antimicrobial proteins hBD 1-4 within the peritonsillar abscess. A total of 17 peritonsillar abscesses were analysed. Immunhistochemical stainings were performed, characteristic pictures were taken, and the mean colour intensity was measured using a specific imaging software. A statistical analysis compared the areas of interest of the specific protein staining with the one of the control staining. A total of 4,573 areas of interests were measured. A significantly stronger expression was detected for hBD1 in the surface epithelium, crypt, epithelium of the crypt, lymphocytic cap, and abscess formation in the hBD1 staining in comparison to the control samples. But there was no significance in the specific hBD1-protein expression in comparison to the control samples in the lymphoid follicle and in the germinal centre. There was a significantly stronger hBD2, hBD3, and hBD4 expression in all areas of interest for the specifics stainings in comparison to the control samples. In conclusion, we developed different scenarios which could lead to a peritonsillar abscess formation.     

谈谈提高外科医生手术技能的训练

手术是外科医生的主要工作和治病手段。外科医生手术技能的高低优劣，直接影响疗效和康复，关系患者的最核心利益。医德高尚，责任心强，手术技能高超的外科医生，受到患者的青睐，患者的家属也愿意这样的医生为自己的亲人做手术。我国很多老一辈外科专家，不仅具有高深的医学理论知识、丰富的临床经验，而且非常重视手术技能的训练和提高，并把它作为救死扶伤、治病救人高尚医德的具体体现。     

Transplantation and the trauma surgeon

The number of satisfactory vascular organs suitable for organ transplantation can be increased appreciably by a close working relationship between traumatologists and transplant surgeons. Benefits will derive from more precise and rapid field management of brain-injured patients, with subsequent appropriate stabilization. If brain death is declared, prompt referral for organ donation with optimal management should result in well-functioning organs for transplantation. A defined team approach with well-defined protocols could solve most of the medical and moral dilemmas. Compassionate emotional support should be provided for families, particularly minorities, and should extend to inexperienced staff. Underlying these goals are a strong institutional commitment to staff education and an understanding of the lifesaving role that organ transplantation can play.