不同时机康复介入对不同程度的脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复的影响研究

目的探讨不同时机康复介入对不同程度的脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法选取2009年10月至2011年10月接受手术治疗和术后康复的不同程度的脊髓损伤患者48例,随机分为早期康复介入组和晚期康复介入组,每组24例。观察不同时机康复介入对不同程度的脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复的影响。结果治疗后,两组患者的运动评分、触觉评分和痛觉评分均明显高于治疗前（P〈0．05）;早期介入组运动评分、触觉评分和痛觉评分均明显高于晚期介入组（P〈0．05）;早期介入组患者的康复治疗时间与晚期介入组患者之间比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论旱期康复介入对不同程度的脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复效果明显．值得推广．     

康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响

目的　研究不同水平、不同程度的脊髓损伤患者经过综合康复治疗后的功能恢复情况。方法　采用神经生理学方法配合传统疗法及矫形器的应用 ,对 50例患者进行了系统的康复治疗 ,用ASIA标准评分、ADLBarthel指数、Lindmark法中的平衡、转移能力和Ashworth痉挛分级评定SCI患者的功能状况。结果　治疗后 ,脊髓部分损伤者ASIA运动评分有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,感觉评分亦明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,颈髓完全损伤者ASIA运动评分有明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,颈髓完全损伤者ASIA感觉评分和胸腰髓完全损伤者ASIA运动、感觉评分虽有改善 ,但差异无显著性意义 ,(P >0 .0 5) ;颈髓完全损伤者ADL平衡和转移能力均无明显改善 (P >0 .0 5) ,其他患者ADL、平衡和转移能力均有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1)。痉挛随病程的延长而加重 ,以颈部为明显 (P <0 .0 5)。使用步行矫形器后 ,5例完全性T10 以下截瘫患者达到了功能性步行。结论　综合康复治疗能显著改善和提高脊髓损伤患者的运动功能和综合功能 ,其中以平衡和转移能力改善最为显著 (P <0 .0 1)。     

康复干预脑卒中抑郁患者不同阶段的神经功能恢复测评

目的：探讨脑卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression，PSD)对神经功能康复不同阶段的影响。方法：应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、神经功能缺损评分标准(NFA)、运动功能测定(FMA)和日常生活活动能力测定(BI)，对124例脑卒中患者的临床治疗和康复训练效果进行测评分析。结果：脑卒中伴有中重度PSD患者在临床治疗、心理干预和康复训练3个月及6个月后，HAMD，NFA，FMA，和BI各项测评指标分别为20．78～14．23分，16．80～13．82分．34．63～38．40分，38．56～38．25分，各项指标均显著低于非抑郁患者和轻度抑郁患者(t=2．002～10．336，P&;lt;0．05，0．01)。结论：脑卒中患者伴有PSD，对神经功能康复不同阶段均有较大不利影响.     

高压氧辅助治疗脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤术后患者对神经功能恢复的作用

目的 观察脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤术后配合高压氧治疗的效果。方法 回顾性分析脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤患62例，将其分成两组，其中对照组30例采用减压，植骨融合、内固定术及激素治疗，高压氧治疗组32例，在上述治疗基础上加以高压氧治疗。手术前后对患神经功能按Franke分级评定治疗效果。结果 治疗后两组患神经功能均有改善，恢复1级以上高压氧治疗组22例，对照组11例。结论 减压固定手术配合高压氧治疗更能有效提高脊柱脊髓损伤的治疗效果。     

康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响分析

目的:探讨康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响。方法:选取2014年10月~2017年1月在我院接受治疗的74例脊髓损伤患者作为研究对象,随机分为普通组和试验组,每组37例。普通组采用常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗的基础上实施康复治疗。采用ASIA量表评分对两组患者治疗前后的脊髓损伤程度进行评定并进行比较。结果:治疗前两组患者的ASIA评分的各项指标值相比较,差异无统计学意义,P0.05;治疗后试验组的运动、痛觉及触觉功能改善程度明显优于普通组,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:脊髓损伤患者在进行常规治疗的同时给予康复治疗,既可以增强患者的运动功能,还能减轻患者的疼痛感,有助于患者身体功能的恢复。     

持续脊髓压迫与神经功能恢复的相关性研究

目的:探讨组织压迫时间与脊髓损伤程度及神经功能恢复的关系。方法:20只犬随机分为两组,应用水囊压迫造成脊髓损伤,分别压迫30min和180min。在压迫期间和去除压迫后不同时间监测躯体感觉诱发电位(SSEP)和脊髓灰质血流量。去除压迫后不同时间进行后肢运动功能评价,去除压迫后28天处死动物进行组织学评价。结果:脊髓压迫期间SSEP波幅迅速下降并消失。30min组去除压迫后SSEP波幅缓慢恢复,180min组始终无恢复(P<0.05)。加压后两组血流量迅速下降,去除压迫即刻两组血流量差异有显著性(P<0.05)。后肢运动功能检查30min组恢复较快,180min组较慢(P<0.05)。180min组较30min组组织损伤重(P<0.05)。结论:脊髓压迫时间越长组织破坏程度越重,神经功能恢复时间越长,效果越差。脊髓受压后尽早行减压术有利于神经功能恢复。     

心理干预对颅脑损伤清醒患者神经功能恢复的影响

2002年1月～2003年12月，我们对100例颅脑损伤患进行心理干预，效果明显。现报告如下。     

急性脊髓损伤患者代谢紊乱与神经功能恢复的关系

目的 观察急性脊髓损伤(acute spinal cord injury，aSCI)后不同时期患血清生化指标的变化，探讨其与神经功能修复的关系。方法 回顾性分析22例aSCI患的血生化检查报告单，观察血清钠离子(Na^ )、钾离子(K^ )、钙离子(Ca^2 )、镁离子(Mg^2 )、氯离子(Cl^-)的含量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性水平。结果 急性期多数患血清Na^ 、Mg^2 含量明显降低，低钠血症发生率为91％；Ca^2 水平升高，K^ 、Cl^-含量也有所改变，但差异无显性；ALT、AST活性显增高；恢复期上述指标水平有明显改善。结论 急性期多数患存在血清生化指标紊乱，尤以低钠血症为最；血清生化指标的变化可作为脊髓损伤程度和恢复状况的参考指标。     

康复治疗脊髓损伤功能恢复的疗效观察

目的研究康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者的运动功能,感觉平面恢复,排尿功能及ADL等的影响,为脊髓康复程序化治疗提供可靠的依据.方法脊髓损伤患者32例,损伤水平颈段11例,胸段9例,腰段12例.发病后距康复治疗时间为1～10个月,平均(4.8±3.6)个月,康复治疗持续时间为58～90d.采取运动功能训练,ADL训练,理疗,心理疏导等方法,进行运动平面总积分,感觉平面总积分,排尿功能分级,Barthel指数的评定.结果32例脊髓损伤患者治疗后运动平面总积分(55.88±16.48),感觉平面总积分(68.09±17.63),排尿功能分级(2.03±1.57)及Barthel指数(67.81±20.54),与康复治疗前比较差异均有非常显著性(P＜0.001);9例完全性脊髓损伤中,经康复治疗后,运动平面总积分,感觉平面总积分及Barthel指数均有明显提高(P＜0.05),而排尿功能分级改变不大(P＞0.05).结论脊髓损伤患者有一定恢复的潜力,不完全性脊髓损伤的恢复潜力较大.完全性脊髓损伤的排尿功能分级康复治疗前后变化不大,但运动功能、感觉功能及ADL均有明显改善.     

早期康复干预对脊髓和脑损伤患者前3个月功能恢复的影响

目的:脊髓和脑复合性损伤患者救治成功后,常遗留不同程度的功能障碍,探讨早期康复干预对脊髓和脑损伤患者前3个月功能恢复的影响。方法:85例脊髓和脑损伤患者分为治疗组43例和对照组42例。对照组给予创伤常规治疗(必要的手术、脱水、抗生素、一般的神经营养药治疗及针灸治疗);治疗组除给予上述的常规治疗外,给予综合性康复治疗(运动疗法、功能性电刺激、高压氧、认知功能训练及心理治疗),两组患者均在治疗前和治疗后第3个月由专业康复医师进行格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glascowcomascale,GCS)、神经功能缺损程度(Neuralfunctiondefi-ciency,NFD)评定、Fugl-Meyer评定(Fugl-Meyerassessment,FMA)及Barthel指数(Barthelindex,BI)评定。结果:经治疗3个月后,治疗组GCS,FMA,BI由5.9±1.1,16.37±16.90,16.48±7.21升至14.1±1.0,68.51±17.52,71.39±25.90,神经功能缺损由17.06±9.21降至9.56±7.43;对照组相应为10.2±1.8,47.29±20.54,54.03±18.09和13.22±7.89,与治疗组比较t=3.031,3.067,3.405,3.351,P均<0.01。结论:早期康复干预能更有效地提高脑和脊髓损伤患者的意识清醒度,促进神经功能及肢体运动功能恢复,提高患者生活质量。     

Longitudinal patterns of functional recovery in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury receiving activity-based rehabilitation

Lorenz DJ, Datta S, Harkema SJ. Longitudinal patterns of functional recovery in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury receiving activity-based rehabilitation.ObjectiveTo model the progression of 3 functional outcome measures from patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) receiving standardized locomotor training.DesignObservational cohort.SettingThe NeuroRecovery Network (NRN), a specialized network of treatment centers providing standardized, activity-based therapy for SCI patients.ParticipantsPatients (N=337) with incomplete SCI (grade C or D on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury scale) who were enrolled in the NRN between February 2008 and March 2011.InterventionAll enrolled patients received standardized locomotor training sessions, as established by NRN protocol, and were evaluated monthly for progress.Main Outcome MeasuresBerg Balance Scale, 6-minute walk test, and 10-meter walk test. Progression over time was analyzed via the fitting of linear mixed effects models.ResultsThere was significant improvement on each outcome measure and significant attenuation of improvement over time. Patients varied significantly across groups defined by recovery status and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade at enrollment with respect to baseline performance and rates of change over time. Time since SCI was a significant determinant of the rate of recovery for all measures.ConclusionsLocomotor training, as implemented in the NRN, results in significant improvement in functional outcome measures as treatment sessions accumulate. Variability in patterns of recovery over time suggest that time since SCI and patient functional status at enrollment, as measured by the Neuromuscular Recovery Scale, are important predictors of performance and recovery as measured by the targeted outcome measures.     

Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender differences in neurologic and functional outcome measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: People (N=14,433) admitted to an MSCIS within 30 days of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor index score, ASIA Impairment Scale, level of injury, and FIM instrument scores after SCI. RESULTS: When examining subjects grouped by severity of injury, changes in ASIA motor index total scores, from system admission to 1-year anniversary, were significantly greater for women than men with either complete ( P =.035) or incomplete ( P =.031) injuries. Functional comparison of men and women, using the FIM motor subscale, revealed that men had higher FIM motor scores at rehabilitation discharge among those with motor-complete injuries, except for those with C1-4 and C6 neurologic levels. Women with motor-incomplete high tetraplegia (C1-4 levels) had higher discharge FIM motor scores than did similarly afflicted men. There were no significant differences in FIM motor scores among men and women with other levels of motor incomplete SCI. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in SCI were seen in several areas. Women may have more natural neurologic recovery than men; however, for a given level and degree of neurologic injury, men tend to do better functionally than women at time of discharge from rehabilitation. Future prospective study of the effects of estrogen on neurologic recovery and the effects of gender on functional potential are recommended.     

早期高压氧治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨早期与晚期高压氧治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响.方法 选择216例脊髓损伤患者,其中早期组与晚期组各108例.早期组在患者术后生命体征平稳3～14 d开始治疗;晚期组在术后15～30 d开始治疗.采用ASIA残损量表及改良巴氏指数（MBI）进行康复评价.结果 两组入选时差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,治疗60 d后,两组均较治疗前明显改善（P〈0.01）,早期治疗组较晚期治疗组改善程度更大（P〈0.05）.结论 早期与晚期高压氧治疗均可明显促使功能恢复,但早期介入治疗的临床疗效明显优于晚期介入治疗.     

Outcomes of early surgical management versus late or no surgical intervention after acute spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurologic, medical, and functional outcomes of patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing early (<24 h and 24-72 h) and late (>72 h) surgical spine intervention versus those treated nonsurgically. DESIGN: Retrospective case series comparing outcomes by surgical and nonsurgical groups during acute care, rehabilitation, and at 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Multicenter National Spinal Cord Injury Database. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients with acute, nonpenetrating, traumatic SCI from 1995 to 2000, admitted in the first 24 hours after injury. Surgical spinal intervention was likely secondary to nature of injury and the need for spinal stabilization. Interventions Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in neurologic outcomes (motor and sensory levels, motor index score, American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS]), medical complications (pneumonia and atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, rehospitalization), and functional outcomes (acute and rehabilitation length of stay [LOS], hospital charges, FIM instrument score, FIM motor efficiency scores). RESULTS: Subjects in the early surgery group were more likely ( P <.05) to be women, have paraplegia, and have SCI caused by motor vehicle collisions. The nonsurgical group was more likely ( P <.05) to have an older mean age and more incomplete injuries. ASIA motor index improvements (from admission to 1-y follow-up) were more likely ( P <.05) in the nonsurgical groups, as compared with the surgical groups. Those with late surgery had significantly ( P <.05) increased acute care and total LOS and hospital charges along with higher incidence of pneumonia and atelectasis. No differences between groups were found for changes in neurologic levels, AIS grade, or FIM motor efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: ASIA motor index improvements were noted in the nonsurgery group, though likely related to increased incompleteness of injuries within this group. Early versus late spinal surgery was associated with shorter LOS and reduced pulmonary complications, however, no differences in neurologic or functional improvements were noted between early or late surgical groups.     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响脊髓损伤（SCI）患者出院时日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。 方法对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤（发病）时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分、美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析。 结果出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关。 结论通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善。入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大。     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院时日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响脊髓损伤(SCI)患者出院时日常生活活动(ADL)能力的相关因素.方法 对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤(发病)时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析.结果 出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关.结论 通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善.入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大.     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院时日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响脊髓损伤(SCI)患者出院时日常生活活动(ADL)能力的相关因素.方法 对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤(发病)时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析.结果 出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关.结论 通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善.入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大.