Antitumour Activity of Bauhinia variegata Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Induced Mice

The antitumour activity of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata (EBV) has been evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time of EBV treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to the control group. EBV treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. After 14 days of inoculation, EBV is able to reverse the changes in the haemotological parameters, protein and PCV consequent to tumour inoculation. Oral administration of EBV was effective in reducing solid tumour mass development induced by EAC cells. EBV was found to be a potent cytotoxic towards EAC tumour cells.     

Antitumor Activity of the Methanol Extract of Hypericum hookerianum Stem Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice

A large number of plants belonging to the Hypericum family are known to possess strong antitumor properties. The methanol extract of H. hookerianum Wight and Arnott stem (MEHH) exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against various cancerous cell lines. In the present study, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) standardized MEHH was tested for in vivo antitumor properties against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor bearing mice at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight doses given orally once daily for 14 days. The results indicate that administration of the extract not only increased the survival of animals with ascites tumor, decreased the body weight induced by the tumor burden, and reduced packed cell volume and viable tissue cell count, but also altered many hematological parameters changed during tumor progression, indicating the potent antitumor nature of the extract. Among the three doses tested, the 200 mg/kg body weight dose was found to be the most potent.     

Synthesis,Properties, and Intratumoral Evaluation of Mitoxantrone-loaded Casein Microspheres in Lewis Lung Carcinoma

Abstract— Smooth, round, uniform bovine casein microspheres of 1–5 and 10–20 μm size were readily prepared by a steric stabilization technique previously developed in this laboratory for synthesis of albumin microspheres. The avid phagocytic uptake of casein and albumin microspheres was demonstrated with fluorescein-labelled microspheres using a macrophage-like mouse myelomonocytic leukaemia cell line. Post-synthesis loading of 25% mitoxantrone was achieved for casein microspheres containing 20% polyglutamic acid. Preliminary intratumoural chemotherapy experiments with a mouse Lewis lung carcinoma indicated that mitoxantrone and mitoxantrone-loaded casein-polyglutamic acid microspheres exhibited lower toxicity when administered intratumorally.     

环丙沙星壳聚糖微球的制备

以戊二醛作为交联剂,采用反相乳化法制备支气管镜介入治疗用环丙沙星壳聚糖微球.采用单因素法和正交试验优化了处方中影响制品外观、平均粒径、载药量和包封率的因素.按优化处方制备的微球外观圆整,平均粒径(142.31±7.85) μm,载药量(14.20±0.61)％,包封率(56.43±1.31)％.体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程,2h和48 h时累积释放率分别为44.3％和92.1％,提示制品具有缓释效果,有利于减少给药频次.     

Drug Interaction Effects on Antitumour Drugs (XV): Disulfiram as Protective Agent Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Urotoxicity Without Compromising Antitumour Activity in Mice

The prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity by disulfirum was studies in mice. A single dose of cyclophosphamide (100-400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) produced a significant dose-dependent increase in urinary bladder weight within 48 hr of treatment. Disulfiram prevented cyclophosphamide-induced bladder damage in a dose-dependent manner in mice when orally administered simultaneously with antitumour agents, but failed to diminish the acute toxicity. leukocytotoxicity and immunotoxicity of cyclophosphamide. The protective effect of disulfiram on the bladder was critically dependent on administration timing. Oral administration of disulfiram between 60 min. before and 60 min. after the injection of cyclophosphamide was found to be effective. The optimum time was simultaneous administration of both drugs. Diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide, metabolites of disulfiram, prevented cyclophosphamide-induced bladder damage when administered simultaneously with cyclophosphamide 1 to, 3 or 5 hr afterwards. Disulfiram slightly potentiated the antitumour activity of cyclophosphamide against Sarcoma 180 or EL-4 leukaemia in vivo when administered simultaneously with cyclophosphamide. In contrast, diethyldithiocarbamate or carbon disulfide did not interfere with cyclophosphamide antitumour activity when administered 3 hr after cyclophosphamide. From these preliminary studies, disulfiram appears to be a likely candidate for protection against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity without compromising the therapeutic utility of the alkylating agent.     

Cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Terminalia avicennioides root barks against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells

Objectives:

Folkloric claims on the use of a mixture of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Terminalia avicennioides root barks in tumor management exist without scientific evidence. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antiproliferative activity of these plants and their mixture.

Materials and Methods:

Phytochemical screening was carried out on the aqueous extracts after which various concentrations (0 to 1 000 μg/ml) were incubated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell lines for 3 and 24 hours.

Results:

The extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, phlobatannins, and terpenes. The separate extracts and their 1:1 mixture significantly (P<0.05) decreased the computed percentage viability of the cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

The antiproliferative activity may be due to the presence of the bioactive compounds in the extracts and has a potential in the management of tumor.KEY WORDS: Anogeissus leiocarpus, antiproliferation, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, phytochemicals, Terminalia avicennioides     

Antitumour effect of fibrinogen microspheres containing doxorubicin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

The antitumour activity of fibrinogen microspheres containing doxorubicin has been evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice in terms of changes in body weight and survival. Tumour cell injections were made on day 0 and microsphere injections on day 1, both intraperitoneally. The suppressive effect of the drug-containing microspheres on increase in body weight was higher than that of the free drug, and tumour-bearing mice given the microspheres lived longer than those given the free drug.     

The Influence of Alpha-fetoprotein on Natural Suppressor Cell Activity and Ehrlich Carcinoma Growth

The influence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the bone marrow (BM) natural suppressor (NS) cells of intact Ehrlich carcinoma -bearing CBA mice was studied. Bone marrow NS cells were fractionated into three fractions by isopycnic centrifugation on percoll gradients: NS1 (ρ=1.080 g/ml), NS2 (ρ=1.090 g/ml) and NS3 (1.100>ρ>1.090 g/ml). These fractions were highly different in their sensitivity to known NS cell inductors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 or histamine). None of the NS fractions isolated from the intact mice spontaneously produced antiproliferative activity, however, they showed a high level of NS (antiproliferative and natural killer cell inhibitory) activity under the influence of AFP. A single injection of AFP to intact mice led to an increase of spontaneous NS activity and the inhibition of natural killer cell activity. NS activity, especially NS2, was increased in when tumor cells were subcutaneously inoculated three days after AFP injection. In the AFP-treated mice, the tumor mass at 14 days was 60% larger than that in the untreated mice. Our data confirmed that AFP is a tumor marker that can inhibit cancer immunity and plays a role in cancer pathogenesis.     

Studies on the Cytotoxic, Biochemical and Anti-Carcinogenic Potentials of Ninhydrin on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cell-Bearing Swiss Albino Mice

Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxy-1, 3-indane dione)was evaluated for its antitumor and cytotoxicproperties in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell (EACCell)-bearing mice. The rationale behind this studyhas been mainly the literature reports of itscharacteristic interference with DNA synthesis andcalcium homeostasis. Antitumor activity was evaluatedfrom the total count and viability of EAC cells inaddition to their nucleic acid, protein, non-proteinsulfhydryls (NP-SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)contents. The EAC cell-bearing animals were alsoobserved for the effect on their survival and bodyweight variations. In addition, the tumors grown atthe site of injection were evaluated forhistopathological changes. Ninhydrin treatments (5, 10and 20 mg/kg/day) abate the increase in body weightand advanced the duration of survival in EACcell-bearing mice. The results on histopathologicalinvestigations show retardation in tumor growth,decreased frequency of mitotic figures and hairfollicles and an increased necrosis in the tumor byninhydrin treatment. Our results on cytotoxicity,which demonstrated compression in the number of EACcells and their viability substantiate these data. Theresults of biochemical studies on EAC cells exhibit areduction in the levels of DNA, RNA, proteins andNP-SH with a subsequent increase in the concentrationsof MDA after ninhydrin treatment. Inhibition in tumorgrowth was dose dependently significant with the samedose regimen. The observed cytotoxic and antitumoractivity of ninhydrin was comparable tocyclophosphamide. The possible mode of action ofninhydrin-induced cytotoxic and antitumor activityappear to be due to its interference withmitochondrial function resulting in inhibition of DNAsynthesis, an effect that is being investigatedfurther.     

壳聚糖微球制备方法研究

综述近年来国内外壳聚糖微球制备方法的研究进展,其中主要介绍交联法、凝聚法、乳化-溶剂蒸发法、壳聚糖溶液包衣法、壳聚糖微球乙酰化法、喷雾干燥法等。     

汉防已甲素壳聚糖微球的制备和质量研究

目的 对汉防己甲素壳聚糖微球的制备工艺和制得的微球的质量进行研究.方法 以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化交联法制备汉防己甲素壳聚糖微球.在单因素考察的基础上,利用正交试验设计优化汉防己甲素壳聚糖微球制备工艺,并对制得微球的粒径,形态,工艺重复性,稳定性,体外突释情况等进行研究.结果 制得的微球的形态圆整,微球的平均粒径为(9.73±1.34)μm,粒径在9～12 μm的占总数的85%以上,载药量为(32.21±3.21)%,包封率为(40.33±5.32)%,最佳工艺条件重复性良好.结论 筛选的最佳处方工艺可制备性质优良的微球.     

复合载药微球壳聚糖温敏凝胶的初步研究

【摘要】目的 制备复合载药微球壳聚糖温敏凝胶（T-responsive CG/CMS）,观察其对牛血清蛋白的缓释效果,为负载外源性生长因子应用于牙周组织再生提供参考。方法 以牛血清蛋白为模型药物,利用离子凝胶法制备的牛血清蛋白壳聚糖微球,用扫描电镜观察其表面形态,测定药物载药量及包封率。并将牛血清蛋白壳聚糖微球共混于壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶体系形成T-responsive CG/CMS-BSA,并利用紫外分光光度计检测其对牛血清蛋白的缓释效果。结果 壳聚糖质量浓度在0.6~2.0 g/L,多聚磷酸钠质量浓度在0.5~1.0 g/L时均可生成形态较好,粒径均匀的壳聚糖微球。利用优化配方制备T-responsive CG/CMS在体温37 ℃发生溶胶到凝胶的转变,具有良好的温敏性能。体外释放试验表明T-responsive CG/CMS对牛血清蛋白的释放速度明显减慢,24 h累计释放率仅为16%,而单纯的壳聚糖温敏凝胶24 h累计释放率高达70%。结论 T-responsive CG/CMS对蛋白类药物具有良好的缓释作用,有望应用于牙周组织工程中生长因子的缓释。     

壳聚糖/四角蛤蜊多糖载药微球的制备与表征

摘 要 目的: 以壳聚糖、四角蛤蜊多糖(MVPS)作为复合载体材料,以盐酸二甲双胍为模型药物,采用喷雾干燥的方法制备盐酸二甲双胍复合微球。方法: 采用正交试验得出了载药复合微球的最佳工艺条件。利用扫描电镜,粒度分析仪以及X射线扫描仪对微球的微观结构和粒度以及物相进行了表征。结果:最佳工艺条件为:入口温度110 ℃,空气流量667 m³·h^-1,材药比3∶1,进料速度2.7 ml·min^-1。结论:通过紫外分光光度法测定最佳工艺条件下的收率、载药量、包封率分别为(75.07±248)%、(22.31±0.38)%、(89.22±1.53)%,复合载药微球表面较为光滑,平均粒径为4.84 μm,粒度分布范围较窄,呈正态分布;形成微球后药物以分子形式存在。     

壳聚糖/四角蛤蜊多糖载药微球的制备与表征

目的：以壳聚糖、四角蛤蜊多糖（MVPS）作为复合载体材料,以盐酸二甲双胍为模型药物,采用喷雾干燥的方法制备盐酸二甲双胍复合微球。方法：采用正交试验得出了载药复合微球的最佳工艺条件。利用扫描电镜,粒度分析仪以及X射线扫描仪对微球的微观结构和粒度以及物相进行了表征。结果：最佳工艺条件为：入口温度110℃,空气流量667m^3·h^-1,材药比3：1,进料速度2．7ml·min^-1。结论：通过紫外分光光度法测定最佳工艺条件下的收率、栽药量、包封率分别为（75．07±2．48）％、（22．31±0．38）％、（89．22±1．53）％,复合载药微球表面较为光滑,平均粒径为4．84μm,粒度分布范围较窄,呈正态分布;形成微球后药物以分子形式存在。     

Green Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Cerium Oxide/Chitosan Nanocarrier and its Activity Against MRSA-Induced Mastitis

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced mastitis is one of the biggest animal welfare issues and economic burdens worldwide. As a possible effective treatment, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded cerium oxide (CeO₂)/chitosan (CS) nanocomposite was synthesized using an eco-friendly approach, characterized, and evaluated. From 350 mastitis-positive milk samples, 35 mecA-positive MRSA strains were confirmed by antibiotic sensitivity testing and PCR. CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthetized using the seeds’ extract of Amomum subulatum (aka black cardamom/BC) as a reducing and capping agent, which was conjugated with CS by ionic gelation before CIP was nanoencapsulated. The resulting NPs were characterized physically (by using FESEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, ZP, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry), biologically and pharmacologically (through in-vitro/ex-vivo antibacterial, cytotoxic, and drug release behavior assays). The CIP-nanocomposite was represented by pure, stable, small, pseudospherical NPs of crystalline nature. FTIR confirmed the surface linkage of CS and CIP in CeO₂ NPs. CIP-CeO₂/CS nanocarrier exerted enhanced antibacterial activity at lower MIC (8 μg/mL) compared to that of free CIP drug alone. Also, they were hemocompatible and not hepatotoxic. CIP release from the nanocarrier was better sustained in physiological-like conditions. Taken together, the phytogenic CIP-CeO₂/CS nanocarrier could be considered as a potent and safe therapeutic solution for MRSA-induced mastitis.     

多柔比星壳聚糖微球的制备及其特性研究

目的 以壳聚糖为载体材料,多柔比星为模型药物, 制备脑内局部给药缓释微球。方法 以液体石蜡为油相,L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯为交联剂,司盘-80为乳化剂,采用乳化化学交联技术制备多柔比星脑用微球。用动态透析法检测微球的体外释放特性。结果 多柔比星/壳聚糖的质量比为1：9的载药微球形态良好,粒径分布较为均匀,平均粒径为（9.41±2.43） μm,载药量为（8.49±0.37）%,包封率为（70.56±4.23）%。体外释放具有良好的缓释效果。结论 所优化的制备工艺稳定,适用于多柔比星壳聚糖脑用微球的制备.     

阿奇霉素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠肠溶微球的制备和评价

目的:制备阿奇霉素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠肠溶微球,并评价各因素对微球性质的影响.方法:以壳聚糖-海藻酸钠为基质材料,采用复凝聚法制备阿奇霉素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠肠溶微球.通过单因素考察研究对粒径、收率和包封率影响较大的因素,以包封率和释放度为指标进行正交设计优化最佳处方.结果:海藻酸钠浓度为3％、氯化钙浓度为2.5％、壳聚糖浓度为0.25％和投药量为20％为最佳处方.该处方制得的微球形态圆整,粒径分布合理,包封率和收率均较高.体外溶出试验表明,该条件制得的微球在酸中的释放量小于10％,可减少阿奇霉素的胃肠道不良反应;在pH6.8的缓冲液中快速释放,能迅速达到最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结论:阿奇霉素壳聚糖-海藻酸钠肠溶微球能有效避免药物在酸性环境中释放.     

鬼臼毒素聚合物胶团对人胶质瘤细胞的抑制作用

目的 合成鬼臼毒素聚合物胶团,评价其对人胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用。方法 制备鬼臼毒素聚合物胶团,考察其理化性质,通过肿瘤细胞摄取实验,噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测其对U87细胞的增殖抑制作用。结果 鬼臼毒素聚合物胶团比游离药物鬼臼毒素对人胶质瘤细胞有更大的增殖抑制作用,显著增加肿瘤细胞内的药物浓度。结论 鬼臼毒素聚合物胶团对人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用。     

Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil

Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae), popularly known as ‘bruteira’, has nutritional and medicinal uses. This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β‐cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger‐type apparatus and analysed using GC‐MS and GC‐FID. In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16‐F10 mouse melanoma. The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)‐β‐ocimene (12.46%), α‐phellandrene (8.08%), o‐cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α‐pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. The essential oil and spathulenol exhibited promising cytotoxicity. In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%).     

Synthesis,Characterisation and Antitumour Activity of Some Quercetin Analogues

Quercetin is one of the most abundant naturally occurring flavonoid and is associated with a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. However, there are multiple problems associated with the bioavailability of quercetin, thereby restricting its use. Taking this into consideration, the structure of quercetin was modified by removal of multiple hydroxyl groups and introduction of substituents such as Cl, OCH₃ and N (CH₃)₂ on the p-position of the B-ring. The effect of structural modification on the anticancer activity was studied using four different cell lines, including MCF-7, HepG2, HCT-15 and PC-3. Compound 1a has shown an activity better than quercetin in HepG2 cell lines, whereas 1c and 1e showed significant growth inhibition of the HCT-15 cell lines.