新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控下社区居民心理健康状况及相关因素

目的 调查在新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控下社区居民的心理健康状况并分析其相关因素。方法 本研究为横断面调查,采用滚雪球抽样法,于2020年8月28日-9月7日通过问卷星网络平台向居民发放调查问卷。采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）、失眠严重程度指数量表（ISI）及中文版知觉压力量表（CPSS）评估居民的心理健康状况。结果 476名居民抑郁、焦虑、失眠及高水平压力症状检出率分别为32.35%、21.22%、24.58%及48.74%。男性高水平压力症状检出率高于女性（χ²=5.269）,未婚、离异或丧偶居民的抑郁及焦虑症状检出率均高于已婚居民（χ²=5.251、8.851）,有心理服务需求的居民抑郁、焦虑、失眠及高水平压力症状检出率均高于无此需求的居民（χ²=46.316、66.934、20.153、21.576）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或0.01）。相关分析显示,社区居民年龄与CPSS评分呈负相关（r=-0.171,P<0.01）,睡眠时间与PHQ-9、GAD-7及ISI评分均呈负相关（r=-0.210、-0.247、-0.297,P均<0.01）,关注疫情信息时长与ISI评分呈负相关（r=-0.097,P<0.05）。结论 在疫情常态化防控下,居民的抑郁、焦虑、失眠及高水平压力症状仍较常见。男性和年轻居民更有可能出现高水平压力症状,睡眠时间短和有心理服务需求的居民更有可能出现抑郁、焦虑及失眠症状,关注疫情信息时长越短越有可能出现失眠症状。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间农民工焦虑与抑郁状况

目的 调查新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间农民工焦虑、抑郁状况及其影响因素,为公共卫生事件中农民工心理问题防治提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法,选择陕西省汉中地区某镇110名农民工为调查对象。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）通过电子版问卷调查农民工群体的焦虑抑郁情况。结果 COVID-19疫情期间,农民工SAS和SDS总评分分别为（44.25±8.77）分、（47.50±10.55）分。焦虑与抑郁症状检出率分别为19.09%、25.45%。焦虑危险因素：未婚（β=-4.152,95% CI：-6.199~-3.352,P<0.01）、月收入低（β=-1.740,95% CI：-2.301~-1.442,P<0.01）、女性（β=5.022,95% CI：3.612~6.256,P=0.034）、低年龄（β=-2.792,95% CI：-3.551~-2.105,P=0.002）、受教育程度初中组SAS总评分低于小学及以下（β=-4.225,95% CI：-2.056~-5.261,P=0.024）,高中组SAS总评分低于小学及以下组（β=-4.612,95% CI：-2.275~5.035,P=0.021）。抑郁危险因素：月收入低（β=-5.406,95% CI：-6.292~-4.520,P<0.01）、女性（β=12.518,95% CI：9.916~15.121,P=0.001）、未开始上班（β=6.192,95% CI：3.695~8.688,P=0.042）、低年龄（β=-3.208,95% CI：-4.324~-2.092,P=0.009）。结论 疫情期间农民工焦虑与抑郁水平较高,农民工焦虑危险因素有未婚、月收入低、女性、低年龄、低受教育程度,抑郁危险因素有月收入低、女性、未开始上班、低年龄。     

\"线上+线下\"心理危机干预对新冠肺炎隔离人员焦虑抑郁的影响

目的 探讨“线上+线下”（互联网络服务+面对面服务）心理干预方式对新冠肺炎隔离人员焦虑抑郁的改善情况,为重大传染性疾病疫情期间心理干预方案的制订提供参考。方法 选取2020年2月4日-29日在绵阳市定点隔离医院进行隔离观察的22名隔离人员为研究对象,采用“线上+线下”干预模式进行为期2周的心理干预。于干预前和干预第1、2周末采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版（HAMD-24）评定隔离人员的焦虑、抑郁状态。结果 干预1、2周末,隔离人员HAMD-24和HAMA评分均较干预前低,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。结论 “线上+线下”相结合的心理干预有助于缓解隔离人员的焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间公众睡眠状况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间公众睡眠状况及其影响因素。方法:使用一般人口学调查问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)、病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)向公众发放问卷进行调查评估;采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归方法进行统计分析。结果:共收回有效问卷4 949份;根据PSQI>7分划界,1 093例(22.1%)被调查者有睡眠问题。单因素分析显示,女性、年龄的增长、受教育程度程度高、离异者、子女已成年及有抑郁、焦虑情绪者的睡眠问题发生率显著增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,年龄、受教育程度、焦虑、抑郁和主观支持是影响新冠肺炎疫情期间被试睡眠问题的主要因素,可解释总变异的84.5%。结论:新冠肺炎疫情期间公众的睡眠问题发生率较高,年龄、受教育程度、抑郁、焦虑等情绪是公众睡眠问题的影响因素。     

新冠肺炎疫情下网络心理危机干预模式在一线医护人员中的建构

本研究目的是探讨网络心理危机干预的平衡模式、认知模式、心理社会转变模式在新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控一线医护人员中的应用价值和具体实施方法,以期减轻一线医护人员的心理应激反应,提高其心理健康水平,使其积极投入到临床工作中。     

新冠肺炎疫情下非高风险地区孕妇焦虑状况调查

目的探讨新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间非高风险地区孕妇的焦虑状况,为孕期保健心理干预提供参考。方法2020年1月27日-2月6日,采用新型冠状病毒肺炎相关知识调查表及广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7),调查疫情期间绵阳地区孕妇及非孕妇女的焦虑状况,以GAD-7评分≥5分视为存在焦虑症状。采用DPS 7.05对数据进行统计分析,以单因素试验完全随机设计进行方差分析,以LSD最小差数法进行多重比较。结果孕妇GAD-7评分高于非孕妇女,差异具有统计学意义[(11.76±0.79)分vs.(7.04±1.14)分,P<0.01]。孕妇组中,有并发症者GAD-7评分高于无并发症者[(12.48±1.16)分vs.(6.32±1.09)分,P<0.01];初产妇GAD-7评分高于经产妇[(10.15±1.15)分vs.(8.72±0.97)分,P<0.05];21~30岁、31~40岁和41~50岁的孕妇GAD-7评分差异均具有统计学意义[(11.88±1.39)分vs.(8.80±0.84)分vs.(4.35±0.81)分,P<0.01]。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间,非高风险地区孕妇比非孕妇女焦虑症状更严重,其中有并发症的孕妇、初产妇焦虑状况更为突出。     

新冠肺炎疫情复学后高中生心理健康状况调查

目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情复学后高中生的心理健康状况,为其心理干预提供参考。方法 采用分层抽样,以山东省某中学的149名高中生为研究对象,通过症状自评量表（SCL-90）对其进行心理健康状况评估。结果 SCL-90评定结果显示,总评分异常（总评分≥160分）者共57人（38.26%）,阳性项目数异常（阳性项目数≥43项）者共45人（30.20%）。不同性别的高中生SCL-90恐怖因子评分差异有统计学意义（t=-2.139,P=0.034）。不同年级的高中生SCL-90总评分（F=3.262,P=0.041）、焦虑因子（F=4.045,P=0.020）、敌对因子（F=3.598,P=0.030）、精神病性症状因子（F=3.573,P=0.031）评分差异均有统计学意义。两两比较显示,高三年级组与高一年级组SCL-90总评分（t=2.618,P=0.01）、强迫症状因子（t=2.067,P=0.041）、抑郁因子（t=2.513,P=0.013）、焦虑因子（t=2.960,P<0.01）、敌对因子（t=2.910,P<0.01）、精神病性因子（t=2.608,P=0.01）、其他因子（t=2.131,P=0.035）评分差异均有统计学意义。结论 新冠肺炎疫情对高中生的心理健康状况有影响,需要关注女生的恐惧情绪,高年级学生更容易受影响,主要与疫情对学习的影响有关。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间封闭管理精神科医护人员焦虑抑郁症状及相关因素调查

目的探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间封闭管理精神科医护人员焦虑抑郁状况及相关因素,为改善其心理健康状况提供参考。方法采用随机数字表法抽取临沂市精神卫生中心接受封闭管理的精神科医护人员124名,应用一般情况调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)进行测查。结果封闭管理精神科医护人员轻度、中度、重度焦虑症状检出率分别为49.59%、4.96%、4.13%;轻度、中度、中重度、重度抑郁症状检出率分别为30.58%、7.44%、2.48%、2.48%。不同年龄的精神科医护人员GAD-7评分差异有统计学意义(F=3.207,P=0.044),有无子女及不同行为类型的精神科医护人员PHQ-9评分差异有统计学意义(F=3.993,P=0.048;F=6.523,P=0.002)。逐步回归分析显示,影响封闭管理精神科医护人员焦虑的因素为:年龄和存在A型行为(β=0.225、0.183,P均<0.05);影响其抑郁的因素为:A型行为和年龄(β=0.258、0.187,P<0.05或0.01)。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间,封闭管理精神科医护人员普遍出现不同程度的焦虑、抑郁症状,年龄大和存在A型行为类型者是出现焦虑、抑郁症状的高危人群。     

新冠肺炎疫情下浏阳市精神疾病患者家属焦虑抑郁情况及影响因素

目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情期间精神疾病患者家属焦虑、抑郁情况及影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究,通过立意抽样和分层抽样的方法,选取2020年3月18日-28日浏阳市精神病医院门诊患者家属116名和住院患者家属111名。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和自行设计的一般资料问卷进行调查,并对数据进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 共回收问卷239份,其中有效问卷227份,有效问卷回收率为94.98%。检出存在焦虑症状者29人,焦虑检出率为12.78%;检出存在抑郁症状者40人,抑郁检出率为17.62%。Logistic回归分析显示,家属年龄≥60岁（OR=4.454,P=0.041）、睡眠质量评价为中等及以下（OR=17.922、153.728,P<0.01）、患者疫情期间居家休息（OR=5.597,P=0.004）是家属存在焦虑症状的危险因素;睡眠质量评价为中等及以下（OR=7.806、15.105,P<0.01）、受教育程度低（OR=0.137、0.205,P<0.05）、患者疫情期间居家休息（OR=2.868,P=0.022）是家属存在抑郁症状的危险因素。结论 新冠肺炎疫情期间精神疾病患者家属存在一定程度的焦虑、抑郁情绪。其中,年龄≥60岁、睡眠质量不佳、患者居家休息、受教育程度低是家属存在焦虑和抑郁的危险因素。     

新冠肺炎疫情防控中基层精防医护人员心理健康状况及需求调查

目的调查在新冠肺炎疫情防控中基层精防医护人员的心理健康状况和物质及心理需求,为对基层精防医护人员给予心理危机干预服务提供参考。方法于2020年1月25日-2月8日采用简单随机抽样选取150名基层精防医护人员为研究对象并进行网络问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学资料、工作时长、疲劳程度、睡眠情况及心理服务需求;采用凯斯勒心理困扰量表(K6)调查基层精防医护人员的心理健康状况。结果 K6评定结果显示,108人(75. 00%)感到紧张,66人(45. 83%)感到烦躁不安,85人(59. 03%)的睡眠受到影响;6人(4. 17%)的K6评分≥13分,但这6人中无一人认为自己需要心理调适;基层精防医护人员的需求前两位分别为:110人(76. 39%)需要防护物资,105人(72. 91%)选择适当休假;在出现心理危机时,72人(50. 00%)选择自我调节。结论在疫情爆发初期,多数基层精防医护人员感到紧张并出现睡眠问题。近一半被调查者在出现心理问题时,更倾向于选择自我调节而不是寻求专业帮助。     

Effect of COVID-19 on mental health among the young population in Lebanon

BackgroundCOVID-19 is a global pandemic that has raised worldwide public health concerns. The wide spread of the virus has led to unprecedented disturbance to regular life for people around the globe and impacted their mental health.AimsThe aims of the current study were to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms related to insomnia, depression, and anxiety, and identify risk factors contributing to psychological stress in Lebanese young population during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodA cross-sectional study was done on the Lebanese young population. Participants were 4397 males and females aged 18 to 35 years who filled a self-administered online questionnaire. Three validated scales were used to measure the mental health status of the participants during the COVID-19 pandemic: 7-item Insomnia Severity Index for insomnia, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression module for depression, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale for anxiety.ResultsThe median interquartile range scores for anxiety, insomnia, and depression, were 8 (4–13), 10 (5–14), and 9 (5–12) respectively. Higher anxiety scores were reported with female gender (P < 0.001) and alcohol usage (P = 0.04). Moderate to severe insomnia was associated with single (P = 0.02) and divorced marital status (P = 0.003), university education (P < 0.001), consumption of caffeinated beverages (P = 0.02) and energy drinks (P = 0.03). Higher depression scores were associated with status of being the only person working at home (P = 0.01), family income more than 500 USD (P = 0.008), multiple insurance plans (P = 0.01), and contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate the considerable impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on Lebanese young population's mental status such as anxiety, depression and insomnia. Further follow-up studies are warranted to assess the long-term mental effects that can be imposed by the pandemic.     

Cross-sectional survey following a longitudinal study on mental health and insomnia of people with sporadic COVID-19

BACKGROUNDIn the post-pandemic era, the emergence of sporadic cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the scale of the pandemic are unpredictable. Therefore, the impact of sporadic cases of COVID-19 and isolation measures on mental health and sleep in different groups of people need to be analyzed. AIMTo clarify the severity of psychological problems and insomnia of staff and community residents around a hospital with sporadic cases of COVID-19, and their relationship with quarantine location and long-term changes.METHODSA cross-sectional survey was conducted on community residents and medical staff. Many of these medical staff had been subjected to different places of quarantine. Community residents did not experience quarantine. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), acute stress disorder scale (ASDS) and insomnia severity index (ISI) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression, acute stress disorder symptoms, and the severity of insomnia. Additionally, we conducted a 1-year follow-up study on medical staff, with related scales measurement immediately after and one year after the 2-wk quarantine period.RESULTSWe included 406 medical staff and 226 community residents. The total scores of ISI and subscale in HADS of community residents were significantly higher than that of medical staff. Further analysis of medical staff who experienced quarantine showed that 134 were quarantined in hotels, 70 in hospitals and 48 at home. Among all subjects, the proportions of HADS, ASDS and ISI scores above normal cutoff value were 51.94%, 19.17% and 31.11%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that subjects with higher total ASDS scores had a greater risk to develop anxiety and depression. The total ISI score for medical staff in hotel quarantine was significantly higher than those in home quarantine. Total 199 doctors and nurses who completed the 1-year follow-up study. Compared with baseline, HADS and ASDS scores decreased significantly one year after the end of quarantine, while ISI scores did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONSporadic COVID-19 cases had a greater psychological impact on residents in surrounding communities, mainly manifested as insomnia and depressive symptoms. Hotel quarantine aggravated the severity of insomnia in medical staff, whose symptoms lasted ≥ 1 year.     

Insomnia,anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international collaborative study

Importance and study objectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented changes in social, work, and leisure activities, which all have had major impact on sleep and psychological well-being. This study documented the prevalence of clinical cases of insomnia, anxiety, and depression and selected risk factors (COVID-19, confinement, financial burden, social isolation) during the first wave of the pandemic in 13 countries throughout the world.Design and participantsInternational, multi-center, harmonized survey of 22 330 adults (mean age = 41.9 years old, range 18–95; 65.6% women) from the general population in 13 countries and four continents. Participants were invited to complete a standardized web-based survey about sleep and psychological symptoms during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to August 2020.ResultsClinical insomnia symptoms were reported by 36.7% (95% CI, 36.0–37.4) of respondents and 17.4% (95% CI, 16.9–17.9) met criteria for a probable insomnia disorder. There were 25.6% (95% CI, 25.0–26.2) with probable anxiety and 23.1% (95% CI, 22.5–23.6) with probable depression. Rates of insomnia symptoms (>40%) and insomnia disorder (>25%) were significantly higher in women, younger age groups, and in residents of Brazil, Canada, Norway, Poland, USA, and United Kingdom compared to residents from Asian countries (China and Japan, 8% for disorder and 22%–25% for symptoms) (all Ps < 0.01). Proportions of insomnia cases were significantly higher among participants who completed the survey earlier in the first wave of the pandemic relative to those who completed it later. Risks of insomnia were higher among participants who reported having had COVID-19, who reported greater financial burden, were in confinement for a period of four to five weeks, and living alone or with more than five people in same household. These associations remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and psychological symptoms.Conclusion and relevanceInsomnia, anxiety, and depression were very prevalent during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health prevention programs are needed to prevent chronicity and reduce long-term adverse outcomes associated with chronic insomnia and mental health problems.     

Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors

Infection-triggered perturbation of the immune system could induce psychopathology, and psychiatric sequelae were observed after previous coronavirus outbreaks. The spreading of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic could be associated with psychiatric implications. We investigated the psychopathological impact of COVID-19 in survivors, also considering the effect of clinical and inflammatory predictors.We screened for psychiatric symptoms 402 adults surviving COVID-19 (265 male, mean age 58), at one month follow-up after hospital treatment. A clinical interview and a battery of self-report questionnaires were used to investigate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, insomnia, and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptomatology. We collected sociodemographic information, clinical data, baseline inflammatory markers and follow-up oxygen saturation levels.A significant proportion of patients self-rated in the psychopathological range: 28% for PTSD, 31% for depression, 42% for anxiety, 20% for OC symptoms, and 40% for insomnia. Overall, 56% scored in the pathological range in at least one clinical dimension. Despite significantly lower levels of baseline inflammatory markers, females suffered more for both anxiety and depression. Patients with a positive previous psychiatric diagnosis showed increased scores on most psychopathological measures, with similar baseline inflammation. Baseline systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which reflects the immune response and systemic inflammation based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, positively associated with scores of depression and anxiety at follow-up.PTSD, major depression, and anxiety, are all high-burden non-communicable conditions associated with years of life lived with disability. Considering the alarming impact of COVID-19 infection on mental health, the current insights on inflammation in psychiatry, and the present observation of worse inflammation leading to worse depression, we recommend to assess psychopathology of COVID-19 survivors and to deepen research on inflammatory biomarkers, in order to diagnose and treat emergent psychiatric conditions.     

COVID-19 and Risk Factors of Anxiety and Depression in South Korea

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of and identify predictors of anxiety and depression related to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea. MethodsThe analysis is based on a quota survey design and a sampling frame that permitted recruitment of a national sample of 1,014 individuals between March 17–31, 2020. Several standardized measurements were used, including GAD-7, PHQ-9, COVID-19 related fear, restrictions in deaily life, as well as sociodemographic information and physical and psychosocial needs during the pandemic. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors, fear, and physical/psychosocial needs on anxiety and depression. ResultsSignificant numbers of the respondents were identifiable anxiety (19.0%) and depression group (17.5%), respectively. This indicates that the depression and anxiety prevalence rate after the COVID-19 is substantially high compared to the depression rate of 2.6% in 2020 and 2.8% in 2018 both reported in the Korea Community Health Survey and the anxiety rate of 5.7% reported in 2016 Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea. Multiple logistic regression results showed age, COVID-19 related fear, and the level of restrictions in daily as significant factors in understanding and predicting the anxiety group. Likfewise, the COVID-19 related fear, restrictions in daily life, and need for economic support were important predictors in predicting the depression group. ConclusionFindings on predictors for greater vulnerability to anxiety and depression has important implications for public mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.     

The endless quarantine: the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers after three months of mandatory social isolation in Argentina

ObjectivesAt the end of 2019 the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak spread around the globe with a late arrival to South America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the long period of mandatory social isolation that took place in Argentina on the general psychological well-being of healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA survey was conducted during June 2020, in healthcare workers. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Sleepiness-Wakefulness Inability and Fatigue Test, and Goldberg depression and anxiety scale, were used to analyze the effects of the SARS-Cov 2 outbreak after three months of mandatory social isolation. Analyses were performed by logistic regression and a clustering algorithm in order to classify subjects in the function of their outcome's severity.ResultsFrom 1059 surveys, the majority reported symptoms of depression (81.0%), anxiety (76.5%), poor sleep quality (84.7%), and insomnia (73.7%) with 58.9% suffering from nightmares. Logistic regression showed that being in contact with COVID-19 patients, age, gender and the consumption of sleep medication during the mandatory social isolation were relevant predictors for insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Clustering analysis classified healthcare workers in three groups with healthy/mild, moderate, and severe outcomes. The most vulnerable group was composed mainly of younger people, female, non-medical staff, or physicians in training.ConclusionAn extremely high proportion of Argentinian healthcare workers suffered from sleep problems, anxiety, and depression symptoms. The clustering algorithm successfully separates vulnerable from non-vulnerable populations suggesting the need to carry out future studies involving resilience and vulnerability factors.