颈动脉易损斑块与缺血性脑卒中复发的相关性分析

有研究表明,有些缺血性脑卒中患者是由颈动脉病变引起,而且与粥样斑块的稳定性有关。本次实验分析颈动脉易损斑块与缺血性脑卒中复发的相关性,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1研究对象2011-07—2013-03在我院进行治疗的缺血性脑卒中复发患者共110例,男63例,女47例,年龄34～82岁,中位年龄67岁;高血压72例,糖尿病14例,冠心病17例,有吸烟史37例。     

急性缺血性脑卒中与高血压颈动脉斑块的相关性分析

目的分析急性缺血性脑卒中与高血压颈动脉斑块的相关性,探讨急性缺血性脑卒中的影响因素,为指导临床治疗提供帮助。方法随机选取126例原发性高血压患者,其中高血压伴急性缺血性脑卒中患者（观察组）86例,单纯原发性高血压患者（对照组）40例。比较2组患者空腹时的血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度值蛋白等指标。观察2组患者超声检查颈动脉斑块情况并进行统计学分析。结果2组体重指数、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、叶酸、同型半胱氨酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC ）等指标相比基本相同（ P＞0.05）。对照组患者超声检查发现斑块19个,占47.5％;观察组患者超声检查发现斑块54个,占62.8％,2组斑块数量相比,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;此外,超声检查发现,2组患者的软斑、硬斑、混合斑、规则斑、不规则斑、IM T、最大斑块厚度、最大斑块长度等均无显著性差异（ P＞0.05）。Logistic回归分析发现,颈动脉斑块增多是急性缺血性脑卒中的独立风险因素（P＜0.05）。结论颈动脉斑块与高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中密切相关,临床治疗除抗脑卒中外,还要重视预防颈动脉斑块的形成。     

NO与缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性分析

目的分析NO与缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性。方法采用随机抽样的方法选择2014-06—2015-06在我院治疗的缺血性脑卒中患者100例,其中50例为缺血性脑卒中出现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者,50例为缺血性脑卒中未出现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者,比较2组NO水平,测得观察组颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),分析NO与IMT的相关性。结果对照组NO水平为(30.19±7.98)mmol/L,观察组为(36.63±9.25)mmol/L,观察组NO水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);2组HDL、TG以及D-D水平相比无明显差异(P0.05)。观察组中NO与IMT存在正向相关性(r=0.541,P0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者NO水平明显高于缺血性脑卒中无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者,两者具有密切的相关性,临床诊断中可将NO水平作为一个重要观察指标评估患者是否发生颈动脉粥样硬化,也能够为脑卒中患者的治疗提供指导和依据。     

NO 与缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性分析

缺血性脑卒中是临床常见脑血管疾病，预后较差，目前其发病机制尚不明确，多认为在疾病发生及发展中，颈动脉粥样硬化为最主要因素［1］。近年来随着临床研究的不断深入，NO水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块之间的关系逐渐成为临床研究的重点，人们发现通过监测NO水平能够对缺血性脑卒中患者的发病情况进行观察，进而采用有效的预防措施。本文对我院近年来收治的50例缺血性脑卒中颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者进行分析，现报告如下。     

NO与缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性分析

缺血性脑卒中是临床常见脑血管疾病,预后较差,目前其发病机制尚不明确,多认为在疾病发生及发展中,颈动脉粥样硬化为最主要因素。近年来随着临床研究的不断深入,NO水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块之间的关系逐渐成为临床研究的重点,人们发现通过监测NO水平能够对缺血性脑卒中患者的发病情况进行观察,进而采用有效的预防措施。     

缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与H型高血压的相关性

目的研究缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与H型高血压的相关性。方法收集郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科2011-01-01—2012-12-31缺血性脑卒中住院患者125例。应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定同型半胱氨酸,根据检验结果及高血压史分为4个亚组,分别为H型高血压组、单纯高血压组、高同型半胱氨酸血症组和两者均正常组,对斑块组和对照组进行4个亚组检出率方面进行比较。结果年龄、吸烟史、高血压史、低密度脂蛋白是缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的独立危险因素。斑块组中4个亚组的发生率:H型高血压高血压高同型半胱氨酸血症两者均正常组。结论H型高血压在缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化形成的危险性最大。年龄、高血压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的独立危险因素。     

缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉斑块性质与同型半胱氨酸、血脂水平的相关性分析

目的研究缺血性脑卒中与同型半胱氨酸（HCY）及血脂水平的关系,并探讨不同斑块性质与同型半胱氨酸和血脂代谢的相关性。方法选择湖北省十堰市太和医院通过彩色多普勒技术检测出伴有颈动脉斑块的脑卒中患者162例,根据斑块分型,易损斑块73例,稳定斑块89例,并选择健康体检者70例,检测其血脂及同型半胱氨酸水平。结果脑卒中患者胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL_C）及同型半胱氨酸（t-HCY）水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05）;与稳定斑块组比较,易损斑块组血浆胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）及同型半胱氨酸（t-HCY）水平升高（P〈0．05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成与血脂水平异常密切相关,而高水平的同型半胱氨酸可影响血脂代谢并且是脑卒中发病的一个重要危险因素,个体优化调脂及逆转同型半胱氨酸水平治疗在脑卒中的二级预防中具有重要意义。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑卒中

<正> 脑血管病是当今世界上发病率与死亡率最高的三大疾病之一,是首位致残因素。各国学者们在不断地寻求能导致脑血管疾病新的危险因素。颅外颈动脉粥样硬化是脑血管疾病的重要原因之一,在出现临床症状和体征之前粥样硬化病变已进展很快,两者之间的密切关系越来越受到人们的重视,颈动脉粥样硬化对缺血性脑卒中病因学方面的重要意义在于它可能是脑栓子的一个重要来源以及它对脑血流动力学的影响。     

缺血性脑卒中复发危险因素及干预的探讨

目的 进一步探讨缺血性脑卒中复发危险因素和干预措施。方法对525例缺血性脑卒中在院患者(复发组110例，对照组415例)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果发现在高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病、吸烟、饮酒及脑卒中家族史等危险因素方面。复发组与对照组比较无显著性差异。另发现在复发组中，合并高血压、高脂血症患者应降压调脂而未坚持降压、调脂或治疗不规则的患者；未或未坚持用抗血小板聚集药物治疗的患者；首次卒中后未或未坚持康复治疗者缺血性脑卒中复发所占百分率较高。结论充分认识和积极干预缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素，对于预防复发十分重要。     

颈动脉斑块与脑卒中疾病发展预后的相关性探讨

目的探讨颈动脉斑块与缺血性脑卒中疾病发展预后的相关性。方法选择115例缺血性脑卒中患者为观察组,另选择115例同时期常规体检健康者为对照组,行颈部彩超检查是否存在颈动脉斑块及斑块的位置、形态,分析颈动脉斑块和缺血性脑卒中的相关性。结果观察组的颈动脉斑块检出率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组中不稳定性斑块比例均明显高于对照组(P0.05);随访12个月内,观察组内有颈动脉斑块患者的脑卒中复发率高于组内无颈动脉斑块的患者(P0.05);经Logistic回归分析,不稳定性斑块是缺血性脑卒中的危险因素(P0.05)。结论颈动脉斑块尤其是不稳定性斑块是缺血性脑卒中发病和复发的重要因素,在临床上需给予密切关注。     

Extracranial carotid plaque is increasing in Japanese ischemic stroke patients

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of extracranial carotid plaque and the association between risk factors and carotid plaque in Japanese patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS: We consecutively recruited patients with ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to September 2002. Neurologic signs and a brain magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed ischemic stroke. All subjects underwent a carotid ultrasonography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors that independently contributed to the presence of carotid plaques. RESULTS: Carotid plaques were identified in 76.2% of the patients and bilateral plaques were found in 58.2%. These lesions were more frequent in comparison with previous Japanese reports. The risk factors that independently contributed to the presence of extracranial carotid plaques were hypertension, age, smoking and past history of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that extracranial carotid plaque is increasing in Japanese patients with ischemic stroke.     

缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉易损斑块磁共振表现

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉易损斑块MR诊断价值。方法经颅MRI证实的首发或再发缺血性脑卒中患者并经过B超检查筛选颈动脉狭窄38例,分别行MR多序列及多期动态增强扫描。结果经MR图像分析,颈总动脉分叉区狭窄20例,颈内动脉狭窄或者闭塞18例,钙化8例,无钙化纤维成分为主19例,明显脂质核心6例,斑块内出血2例,脂质坏死核心2例,溃疡或者纤维帽撕裂1例。结论 MR多序列及多期动态增强扫描对颈动脉易损斑块成分显示清晰,能够动态观察易损斑块变化情况。     

血脂康对短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块和血脂的影响

目的探讨血脂康对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块和血脂水平的影响。方法65例有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的TIA患者随机分为血脂康组和对照组;血脂康组口服血脂康及阿司匹林6个月,对照组仅口服阿司匹林。治疗前后进行颈动脉超声检查,观察颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、粥样硬化斑块面积;检测血脂、血清一氧化氮(NO)及氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)浓度,比较治疗6个月内两组患者脑血管事件的发生率。结果治疗后,血脂康组血胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、三酰甘油和oxLDL水平比治疗前明显下降,NO和高密度脂蛋白水平明显升高(均P<0.01);颈动脉IMT变薄及斑块面积减少,与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05～0.01)。血脂康组脑血管事件的发生率为9.7%,对照组为20.6%,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论血脂康不仅有调整血脂的作用,还具有抗脂质氧化、保护血管内皮等多种作用,并能消除或稳定TIA患者的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块。     

Autonomic dysfunction in ischemic stroke with carotid stenosis

Xiong L, Leung HW, Chen XY, Han JH, Leung WH, Soo OY, Lau YL, Wong KS. Autonomic dysfunction in ischemic stroke with carotid stenosis.
Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 126: 122–128.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives – Impaired autonomic function is common in acute ischemic stroke. Previous limited studies have suggested that atherosclerosis may affect the distensibility of the carotid sinus and then impair the cardiovascular autonomic function. This study sought to investigate cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with ischemic stroke with carotid stenosis. Methods – Eighty‐five patients with ischemic stroke (58 ones without carotid stenosis and 27 ones with carotid stenosis, average 6 months after stroke onset) and 37 elderly controls were recruited. All performed Ewing’s battery autonomic function tests. Results – From Ewing’s battery of autonomic function tests, atypical, definite, or severe autonomic dysfunction was identified in 69.0% patients without carotid stenosis and 88.9% with carotid stenosis, with significant difference between the two groups, and the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in both groups was higher than that in controls (21.6%). Patients with carotid stenosis showed impairment of all parasympathetic tests (all P < 0.05) and one of the sympathetic tests [Mean fall in systolic blood pressure (BP) on standing: P = 0.051], and those without carotid stenosis only showed impairment in two parasympathetic tests (Valsalva ratio: P = 0.014; heart rate response to deep breathing: P < 0.001) in comparison with controls. Patients with carotid stenosis had significantly more impairment than those without carotid stenosis in some autonomic parameters (Valsalva ratio: P < 0.05; mean fall in systolic BP on standing: P < 0.05). Conclusions – Cardiovascular autonomic function is impaired in patients with ischemic stroke, but patients with carotid stenosis show more severely impaired parasympathetic and sympathetic functions.     

Homocysteine and carotid intima-media thickness in ischemic stroke patients are not correlated

INTRODUCTION: Hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by numerous authors. Whether this association is causal or not remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with the degree of carotid atherosclerosis in stroke patients. METHODS: We studied 97 Greek patients in our stroke unit who were hospitalized as a result of ischemic stroke between March 2006 and May 2007. The patients were divided into two groups: the first (52 patients) included stroke patients with serum levels of homocysteine below 15 mumol/L, but in the second group (45 patients) serum homocysteine exceeded this value. We measured carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in all patients and correlated it with serum homocysteine. RESULTS: The mean homocysteine concentration was 11.5 mumol/L in the first group and 21.5 mumol/L in the second group. Carotid IMT was 1.012 mm in the first group, and 1.015 mm in the second group, an insignificant difference. On the contrary, serum folate concentration was 21.3 nmol/L in the first group compared with 16.7 nmol/L in the second group (p < 0.001). VitB12 was 401 pmol/L in the first group and 340 pmol/L in the second group, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of homocysteine were not correlated with cIMT in ischemic stroke patients. Both folate and vitB12 were decreased in hyperhomocysteinemic ischemic stroke patients.     

颅外段颈动脉硬化病变对老年缺血性脑卒中作用的研究

目的　探讨不同亚型的缺血性脑卒中人群的颅外段颈动脉硬化病变的发生状况及病变程度是否存在差异 ,为缺血性脑卒中的防治、预测提供依据。方法　收集神经内科住院的老年急性缺血性脑卒中病例 ,对其进行卒中病灶影像学检查 ,依据病灶部位将卒中分为皮质型 (CI)、皮质下型 (SCI)和基底动脉型 (VBCI)三个亚型 ;同时采用B超对颅外段颈动脉病变进行量化评估 ,分析各型之间颅外段颈动脉病变的发生状况及病变程度的差异 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　 (1)颅外段颈动脉动脉硬化病变发生率高达 5 8 7% (12 8/ 2 18) ,血管重度度狭窄 32例 (14 7% ) ,轻度狭窄 96例 (44 0 % ) ,无血管狭窄 90例 (41 3% )。 (2 )各型脑卒中中以CI组血管病变发生率最高、程度最重 ,而且重度血管狭窄发生率最高。结论　颅外段颈动脉硬化病变的发生状况及病变程度在缺血性脑卒中各亚型之间是存在差异 ,其中以CI的病变最明显。颅外段颈动脉硬化病变对CI的发生影响较SCI和VBCI明显。     

缺血性脑卒中患者血同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉斑块及性质的相关分析

目的研究缺血性脑卒中患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉斑块及性质的关系。方法选择我院神经内科住院的急性缺血性脑卒中者112例为研究对象,通过颈动脉彩超检查按有无颈动脉斑块分为颈动脉斑块形组和无颈动脉斑块组,所有研究者采用荧光偏振免疫法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果 (1)颈动脉斑块组和颈动脉无斑块组同型半胱氨酸[(16.56±7.5)vs(11.25±6.3)]、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)[(1.01±0.23)vs(1.25±0.43)]、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)[(2.87±0.75)vs(2.5±0.76)]比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)颈动脉斑块组中按斑块性质分为稳定斑块组和不稳定斑块组,两者同型半胱氨酸水平[(13.86±4.24)vs(15.78±6.46)]比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论除高密度脂蛋白降低、低密度脂蛋白升高外,同型半胱氨酸水平升高亦是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素,同时高同型半胱氨酸血症亦是不稳定性斑块形成的重要原因。     

High-risk carotid plaques and incident ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation in the Cardiovascular Health Study

Background and purpose

Whether carotid artery disease could improve stroke risk stratification tools in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains uncertain. This study was undertaken to investigate the risk of ischemic stroke associated with occlusive and nonocclusive carotid atherosclerotic disease in patients with AF in the prospective population-based Cardiovascular Health Study.

Methods

We included participants aged ≥65 years with AF. We used multivariable Cox regression analysis to explore the risk of ischemic stroke associated with the percentage of carotid stenosis, plaque irregularity, echogenicity, and vulnerability (markedly irregular, ulcerated, or hypoechoic plaques).

Results

A total of 1398 participants were included (55.2% female, 61.7% aged 65–74 years). The maximum carotid stenosis was <50%, 50%–99%, and 100% in 94.5%, 5%, and 0.5% of participants, respectively. High-risk plaques based on echogenicity and plaque irregularity were found in 25.6% and 8.9% of participants, respectively. After a median follow-up of 10.9 years (interquartile range = 7.5–15.6), 298 ischemic strokes were recorded. There was no difference in the incidence of ischemic stroke according to the degree of carotid artery stenosis (p = 0.44), plaque echogenicity (low vs. high risk, p = 0.68), plaque irregularity (low vs. high risk, p = 0.55), and plaque vulnerability (p = 0.86). The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–1.40, p < 0.001). Both maximum grade of stenosis and plaque vulnerability were not associated with incident ischemic stroke (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Neither the degree of carotid stenosis nor the presence of vulnerable plaques was associated with incident ischemic stroke in this cohort of individuals with AF. This suggests that carotid disease was probably not a significant contributor to ischemic stroke in this population.     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检测

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法观察对象分为2组,短暂性脑缺血发作患者(以下简称TIA组)57例,对照组为同期门诊健康体检者50例,2组分别行颈动脉超声检查,检查项目包括动脉内膜中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,I MT)、管腔狭窄程度、斑块位置、斑块类型及性质等。结果TIA组I MT明显高于对照组(P<0.01);TIA组颈动脉管腔狭窄率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);斑块发生率TIA组明显高于对照组(P<0.01);软斑占总斑块百分率,TIA组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论短暂性脑缺血发作与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关,颈动脉超声检查是一项可靠的评价颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的方法。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检测

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法观察对象分为2组，短暂性脑缺血发作患者（以下简称TIA组）57例，对照组为同期门诊健康体检者50例，2组分别行颈动脉超声检查，检查项目包括动脉内膜中膜厚度（intima—media thickness，IMT）、管腔狭窄程度、斑块位置、斑块类型及性质等。结果TIA组IMT明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）；TIA组颈动脉管腔狭窄率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；斑块发生率TIA组明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；软斑占总斑块百分率，TIA组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论短暂性脑缺血发作与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关，颈动脉超声检查是一项可靠的评价颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的方法。