窄带成像技术在咽喉反流诊断中的优势应用

目的 探讨窄带成像技术(NBI)在咽喉反流(LPR)诊断中的作用.方法 根据我国2015年咽喉反流性疾病诊断与治疗专家共识的标准招募39例咽喉反流阳性患者(LPR组)和19例阴性对照,参与者均完成反流症状指数评分量表(RSI)和反流体征评分量表(RFS)评分及NBI下的电子喉镜检查.结果 39例LPR患者中2例失访.与...     

咽喉反流伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的治疗及其咽喉反流体征评分、症状指数特点

目的 分析咽喉反流病(LPRD)伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的咽喉反流体征评分(RFS)和咽喉反流症状指数(RSI)特点,探讨临床治疗效果。 方法 抽取100例LPRD患者,将其中合并有OSAS的患者作为观察组(n=39),其余作为对照组(n=61),观察两组RFS、RSI及呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、血氧饱和度(SaO₂)、反流总数、总反流时间;比较治疗2个月后RSI、RFS评分。 结果 观察组RFS和RSI评分总分显著高于对照组,RFS体征差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),咽喉反流伴OSAS患者声门下水肿、喉室消失、杓会厌襞红斑/充血、喉黏膜水肿、后联合肥厚或肿胀评分显著高于单纯的咽喉反流患者(P<0.05),RSI评分中咽喉反流伴OSAS患者呼吸困难、烧心胸痛胃酸反流评分显著高于单纯的咽喉反流患者(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组RSI评分总分高于对照组(P均<0.05),对照组在呼吸困难、烧心胸痛胃酸反流方面明显优于观察组(P<0.05)。治疗前后,两组AHI、SaO₂、反流总数比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组AHI、SaO₂均明显改善,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组反流总数、总反流时间改善显著,对照组优于观察组(P<0.05)。 结论 伴OSAS会加重LPRD患者咽喉反流相关症状,可能是LPRD患者治疗效果和症状改善较差的原因。     

Association of laryngopharyngeal manifestations and gatroesophageal reflux

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms, the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and Helicobacter Pylori infection and treatment response to proton pump inhibitors. Forty-five patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux diseases related symptoms (sore throat, throat burning, throat clearing, globus sensation, cough, halitozis, dysphonia, dysphagia, postnasal dripping, vocal fatigue, and sputum) were included in this study. For pre-therapeutic and post-therapeutic comparison, symptoms and laryngological findings were graded on a 4-point scale. The patients underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. During endoscopy, antral biopsies from the stomach were obtained to detect H. Pylori. Antireflux medication with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and H. Pylori eradication therapy if present were prescribed to the patients. The improvement in symptoms and laryngological findings were evaluated after treatment. By means of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), reflux was detected in only 11% of patients. But there can be reflux patients other than the detected ones. Although, H. Pylori was present in 62% of patients, no correlation was found between H. Pylori positivity and symptoms. All patients responded well to antireflux treatment and H. Pylori eradication therapy. Laryngopharyngeal symptoms and findings can be predictors of gastroesophageal diseases when response to reflux treatment is taken into account.     

Trends in laryngopharyngeal reflux: a British ENT survey

There is a lot of scepticism surrounding laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Symptoms such as globus pharyngeus, constant throat clearing, chronic cough, idiopathic hoarseness, catarrh and choking episodes may be reflux-related. The aim of this survey was to highlight current treatment trends in LPR. Questionnaires were emailed to 260 members of the British Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery (BAO-HNS). Survey recipients were asked about type, duration and dose of antireflux treatment and length of follow-up appointments, if any. Finally, they were asked about awareness of any reflux symptom and reflux sign questionnaires. Survey response rate was 60%. The vast majority of the otolaryngologists surveyed believe in laryngopharyngeal reflux (90%) and more than 50% prescribe proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The preferred duration of treatment is 2 months (37%). Only a minority will prescribe PPIs for 6 months or more. Most otolaryngologists will give the standard GORD dose (70%) (once daily) and only a few (20%) will prescribe more aggressive and prolonged doses. The commonest symptoms for which proton pump inhibitors are prescribed are globus (73%), followed by choking episodes (66%) and chronic cough (62%). If LPR is suspected, most of the otolaryngologists will follow-up the patients (61%) and approximately one third (31%) will discharge them back to the general practitioners. Only eight-percent 8% will refer to gastroenterologists. The three commonest laryngoscopic signs that makes them suspect LPR are erythema of the arytenoids (86%) or the vocal cords (57%) and granulomas (42%). The majority of the otolaryngologists (94%) do not use popular questionnaires such as the RFS or RSI. Despite the controversy surrounding laryngopharyngeal reflux, our results suggest that the majority of the otolaryngologists surveyed believe in LPR and attempt to treat it. Interesting findings are: the duration of treatment, the doses used, the length of follow-ups or the lack of, and the fact that the majority does not request any specific diagnostic tests. “symptoms and signs” questionnaires are rarely used.     

Characteristics of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with chronic otitis media

Objective

To summarize the characteristics of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with chronic otitis media.

The influence of laryngopharyngeal reflux in the healing of laryngeal trauma

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) on the healing process of surgical laryngeal trauma. A total of 112 consecutive patients, who suffered from LPR and were scheduled for operation of Reinke edema or laryngeal polyps/nodules (40 and 72 patients, respectively) during a period of 5 years, were included. Diagnosis of LPR was made on the basis of both history and dual pH probe recording during 24 h in the inferior esophagus and the hypopharynx. The reflux finding score (RFS) and the reflux symptom index (RSI) were used to estimate the clinical severity of LPR. In patients with LPR, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were initiated in half of them, randomly chosen. Fifty LPR-free subjects operated for Reinke edema or laryngeal polyps during the same time period (19 and 31 patients, respectively) were used as controls. In six patients who had been administered PPI, resolution of the disease was observed and no surgical treatment was undertaken. The remaining patients were operated on under general anesthesia by a single surgeon. All patients had 1-year postoperative follow-up. Epithelization was complete in all vocal cords of both the control group and the group of patients who had been administered PPI. Within the group of patients who had not taken PPI, six patients presented granulation tissue or recurrence of the polyps and in two of them revision surgery was needed. RFS and RSI scores showed significant improvement postoperatively, across all the three groups of patients, with major differences observed in the group treated by PPI. Comparison of the postoperative RFS and RSI scores between the two groups of patients with LPR showed statistically significant differences in both, indicating better treatment outcome in those patients who had received PPI. It may be thus concluded that LPR influences epithelization and recurrence of laryngeal polyps or Reinke edema in vocal cords, after partial or total decortication. Surgical outcome is superior in patients with LPR with preoperative and postoperative anti-reflux treatment.     

中西医结合治疗咽喉反流合并咽喉炎的临床疗效

目的探讨雷贝拉唑与多潘立酮联合中药西青果颗粒对咽喉反流（laryngo pharyngeal reflux, LPR）合并咽喉炎患者的治疗效果,及对症状缓解和生活质量的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年3月~2015年5月接受治疗的LPR合并咽喉炎患者的临床资料,根据其治疗方式分为西药组和中西药联合治疗组,西药组采用雷贝拉唑和多潘立酮治疗,中西药联合治疗组采用雷贝拉唑、多潘立酮和西青果颗粒治疗。疗程为3个月,分析两组患者的治疗效果和不良反应发生率,比较两组患者治疗前后反流症状指数量表（feflux symptom index, RSI）评分、反流检查计分量表（reflux finding score, RFS）评分和症状缓解时间的差异。结果中西药结合组治疗的有效率（97.14%）明显高于西药组（80.00%）（χ2=5.195,P=0.023）;两组患者治疗前的RSI评分无显著差异（P>0.05）,治疗后中西药结合组患者的声嘶或发声问题、清喉和咽喉黏液增多等维度得分均低于西药组（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗前的RFS评分无显著差异（P>0.05）,治疗后中西药结合组患者的声门下水肿、喉室消失和红斑、充血等维度得分均低于西药组（P<0.05）;中西药结合组患者咽部异物感、慢性咳嗽、反复清嗓和声嘶缓解时间明显短于西药组（t=30.589、12.928、8.615和9.803,P<0.001）;两组肝肾功能受损、腹胀和倦怠发生率无显著差异（χ2=0.008,P=0.930）。结论中西药结合对咽喉反流合并咽喉炎有较好的疗效,可明显改善临床症状和体征,降低不良反应发生率,具有临床应用价值。     

咽异物感伴有咽喉反流患者抗反流治疗的临床观察

目的 观察抗反流治疗对咽异物感伴有咽喉反流的临床疗效。 方法 将门诊以咽异物感自评超过3分,患病1个月以上的患者,进行反流症状指数量表(RSI)及反流临床表现量表(RFS)评分,对RSI超过13分及RFS超过7分的患者进行抗反流治疗,以能持续治疗8周以上为有效观察对象,共104例。分析入组患者反流各症状发生率、反流临床表现各体征发生率,并进行疗效评定。 结果 104例咽异物感患者多有反流症状清嗓动作(92/104,88.46%),主要反流体征为后连合肥厚(97/104,93.27%),红斑/充血(89/104,85.57%),喉内黏稠分泌物(87/104,83.65%),喉室阻塞(73/104,70.19%)等,经抗反流治疗,有效61例,有效率为58.65%;RSI治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=1.975,P<0.05);RFS治疗前后比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.258,P>0.05)。 结论 咽异物感伴反流症状的患者,通过反流治疗是有效的。对于有咽异物感的患者,经过长期治疗效果不明显,应考虑是否有咽喉反流的可能。     

耳鼻咽喉科门诊患者咽喉反流性疾病、焦虑抑郁患病率及二者关系

目的获得耳鼻咽喉科门诊中咽喉反流性疾病(laryngopharyngeal reflux disease,LPRD)及焦虑、抑郁患者的患病率;探讨精神心理因素(焦虑和抑郁)在其发病中的作用。方法采用反流症状指数(reflux symptom index,RSI)量表、综合医院焦虑抑郁(hospital anxiety and depression,HAD)量表对2017年7月至2018年6月,北京大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊的1111例患者进行问卷调查(男486例,女625例,年龄18~96岁,中位年龄38[30,53]岁)。获得LPRD及焦虑、抑郁患病率。病例组选取RSI阳性患者,对照组选择RSI阴性患者,比较两组间HAD评分的差异,并对咽喉反流的危险因素进行分析。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果病例组151例,对照组960例,LPRD患病率为13.59%(151/1111)。不同性别LPRD患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。18~40岁年龄段患病率最高,各个年龄段(18~40岁、41~65岁、>65岁)患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吸烟、饮酒者的LPRD患病率均较非吸烟、饮酒者高,两组患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RSI量表最常见的症状为咽喉异物感(92.72%,140/151)、持续清嗓(88.74%,134/151)、痰过多或鼻涕倒流(82.12%,124/151),两组间各症状差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。焦虑患者共91例,患病率为8.19%(91/1111);抑郁患者共76例,患病率为6.84%(76/1111)。LPRD患者中,综合医院焦虑量表评分阳性占29.14%(44/151),综合医院抑郁量表评分阳性占17.22%(26/151)。LPRD组的焦虑症状、抑郁症状得分均高于非LPRD组,两组间上述各评分差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示吸烟、焦虑、胃食管反流病症状为咽喉反流发病的独立危险因素。结论耳鼻咽喉科门诊中LPRD患病率为13.59%,焦虑患病率为8.19%,抑郁患病率为6.84%。咽喉反流患者中,焦虑患病率为29.14%,抑郁患病率17.22%。年龄、吸烟、饮酒、文化程度、病程、胃食管反流病症状、咽部异物感等与LPRD相关。精神因素(焦虑、抑郁)可能在LPRD中发挥作用。吸烟、焦虑、胃食管反流病症状与LPRD发病有较密切的关系。     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染对症状性咽喉反流患者唾液胃蛋白酶浓度的影响

目的 探讨幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)感染对症状性咽喉反流(LPR)患者唾液胃蛋白酶浓度的影响。方法 将咽部异物感、反复清嗓等非特异性症状为主诉的229例LPR初诊患者作为研究对象。应用¹⁴C呼气试验将所有LPR患者分为HP阳性组和HP阴性组,并分别给予HP根除治疗(三联疗法)与抑酸治疗。所有患者在初诊及治疗后复诊时均收集唾液样本(HP阳性者复诊时复查¹⁴C呼气试验),并比较治疗前后反流症状指数量表(reflux symptom index, RSI)、反流体征评分量表(reflux finding score, RFS)评分和唾液胃蛋白酶浓度变化。结果 HP阳性的LPR患者其RSI及RFS总分与HP阴性者相比无显著差异(11.00 vs 9.00,P=0.077; 8.50 vs 9.00,P=0.415),但HP阳性者其声嘶(P=0.005)、烦人的咳嗽(P=0.016)等症状评分,声带水肿(P=0.002)体征评分及唾液胃蛋白酶浓度显著高于HP阴性者(94.90μg/mL vs 45.28μg/mL,P<0.001),且治疗后HP阳性的L...     

Treating laryngopharyngeal reflux: Evaluation of an anti-reflux program with comparison to medications

Objective

To determine if an anti-reflux induction program relieves laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms more effectively than medication and behavioral changes alone.

咽喉反流性疾病的影响因素及治疗效果分析

了解咽喉反流性疾病(LPRD)的影响因素和治疗效果。     

全天咽喉pH检测在诊断反流性咽喉部疾病中的作用

目的探讨24h咽喉pH检测在咽喉反流性疾病诊断中的价值。方法选取2006年8月至10月于北京同仁医院就诊由同一医师诊断可疑有反流性咽喉炎患者50例，征得患者同意后以就诊时间为配伍因素，按区组随机排列方法采用半随机分组。第一组25例患者均行24h咽喉pH检测，筛选出阳性患者作为试验组接受奥美拉唑抗酸治疗；第二组25例患者直接给予相同药物及剂量的试验性抗酸治疗作为对照组。服药3个月后进行随访，根据反流症状评分对比治疗前后效果，以主观症状评估总分下降≤4分为治疗无效，〉4分为有效。结果行24h咽喉pH检测的25例患者中有病理性咽喉部反流者17例，阳性率为68.0％（17／25）。24h平均总反流次数（35．71±41．70）次（x±s，以下同），总反流时间（35．71±33．19）min，总反流指数即每小时反流次数（1．53±1．73）次／h，每次反流平均时间（1．12±0．91）min。抗酸治疗前试验组症状评估总分平均（14．88±4．11）分，对照组总分平均（13．00±4．17）分，组间差异采用t检验，无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在抗酸治疗3个月后随访，试验组有效率为82．4％（14／17），对照组失访2例，其余患者治疗有效率为52．2％（12／23）。试验组症状评估总分平均下降（7．47±3．18）分，对照组症状评估总分下降（3．96±4．25）分，总分差值比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论24h咽喉pH检测作为诊断咽喉反流性疾病的金标准，可以作为临床中可疑咽喉反流患者的确诊检查手段，并可大大提高抗酸治疗的有效性，值得在临床普遍开展和推广。     

喉咽反流性疾病的临床治疗研究

目的 探讨喉咽反流性疾病(LPRD)的诊疗方法,同时观察LPRD患者幽门螺杆菌检出率。 方法 156例反流症状指数(RSI)>13分和/或反流体征指数(RFS)>7分临床确诊为LPRD的患者,进行¹³C-尿素呼气试验(¹³C-UBT)^［4］检测,检出Hp阳性患者(I组)进行2周的幽门螺杆菌四联疗法^［5］(奥美拉唑+枸橼酸铋钾+阿莫西林+克林霉素)+甘桔冰梅片治疗后停药4周,观察Hp转阴率及LPRD转阴率;将Hp阴性患者随机分为2组,II组30例单纯给予甘桔冰梅片治疗4周后观察LPRD转阴率,III组30例给予奥美拉唑+莫沙必利+甘桔冰梅片治疗4周后观察LPRD转阴率。 结果 Hp阳性检出率为61.54%(96/156),经治疗2周后停药,4周复查Hp转阴率为78.12%(75/96),I组治疗后LPRD转阴率为67.71%(65/96),II组转阴率为53.33%(16/30),III组转阴率为96.67%(29/30)。经治疗后,三组RSI和RFS评分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(t=6.73,P<0.001)。治疗后III组与II组比较,III组的RSI和RFS评分更低。 结论 喉咽反流是导致咽喉炎的重要病因,使用抑酸剂及消化道促动力剂可明显改善喉咽反流的症状及体征。     

Pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to investigate the potential use of pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III (CA-III) as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cell biological investigation was conducted of laryngeal biopsy specimens taken from 9 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and 12 normal control subjects using antibodies specific for human pepsin (produced in the authors' laboratory within the Department of Otolaryngology at Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC) and CA-III. METHODS: Laryngeal biopsy specimens were frozen in liquid nitrogen for Western blot analysis and fixed in formalin for pepsin immunohistochemical study. Specimens between two groups (patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and control subjects) were compared for the presence of pepsin. Further analyses investigated the correlation between pepsin, CA-III depletion, and pH testing data. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that the level of pepsin was significantly different between the two groups (P < .001). Secondary analyses demonstrated that presence of pepsin correlated with CA-III depletion in the laryngeal vocal fold and ventricle (P < .001) and with pH testing data in individuals with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. CONCLUSION: Pepsin was detected in 8 of 9 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease, but not in normal control subjects (0 of 12). The presence of pepsin was associated with CA-III depletion in the laryngeal vocal fold and ventricle. Given the correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and CA-III depletion, it is highly plausible that CA-III depletion, as a result of pepsin exposure during laryngopharyngeal reflux, predisposes laryngeal mucosa to reflux-related inflammatory damage.     

咽喉反流性疾病的发病机制及诊疗进展

近年来,随着社会生活节奏的加快,人们饮食习惯的改变,出现越来越多的消化道及咽喉疾病.咽喉反流性疾病(laryngopharyngeal reflux disease,LPRD)作为耳鼻咽喉科的一类疾病,其发病率也呈现不断上升的趋势.长期以来,LPRD并未受到耳鼻咽喉科医师的重视,诊断也是建立在胃食管反流疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)的认识之上,常常漏诊和误诊.因此,明确LPRD的发病机制及诊疗方法并与GERD相区别有着重要的意义.     

An assessment of olfactory function in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease

Conclusions: The results reported here indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in the olfactory functions of laryngopharyngeal reflux patients vs the healthy group. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the olfactory function of patients diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux using an objective method, 24-h pH monitoring.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to investigate olfactory functions in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients and compare the results with healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 60 participants; 30 men and women with a diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux and 30 healthy controls, were included in the study. Patients in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group were evaluated by the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Reflux Finding Scores (RFS), and finally 24-h pH monitoring to confirm the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. The Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory test results of the laryngopharyngeal reflux and control groups were compared, and the relationship between the study findings and the olfactory parameters were evaluated.

Results: The odor threshold, odor discrimination, odor identification, and TDI scores of the laryngopharyngeal reflux group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Also there was a statistically significant negative correlation detected between the olfactory test and some symptom and finding scores.     

Incidence and treatment results of laryngopharyngeal reflux in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is defined as the movement of gastric content towards the larynx and the pharynx and it may cause respiratory symptoms or difficulty in their control. We aimed to find the frequency of LPR in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to investigate its effect on COPD symptoms and the results of its treatment. At baseline 30 (20 male, 10 female, mean age: 65 ± 10 years) COPD patients completed LPR and COPD symptom questionnaires and 13 (44%) were diagnosed with LPR based on laryngeal examination. Patients with LPR were given 2 months of PPI treatment, after which LPR and COPD symptom questionnaires, laryngeal examinations and pulmonary function tests were repeated. Following the treatment, significant improvements in COPD symptom index, LPR symptom index and laryngeal examination findings were observed in patients with LPR (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively). Treatment of LPR resulted in a significant improvement in the symptoms of COPD.