间接血凝试验对囊虫病的诊断价值

用戊二醛鞣酸处理的羊红细胞经猪囊尾蚴囊液稀释抗原致敏后进行间接血凝试验,共检人血样193份,发现人囊虫病57例中89.6％呈阳性反应,而健康人及其他疾病对照136例全部阴性。 戊二醛鞣酸处理的羊红细胞在囊液抗原致敏前4℃保存6个月以上仍然有效,致敏后4℃保存3个月以上仍然有效。     

冻干猪囊尾蚴囊液致敏羊红细胞保存期效的观察

我室对冻干的猪囊尾蚴囊液致敏羊红细胞(冻干致敏SRBC)检测血清抗囊虫抗体的灵敏度和稳定性并进行了长期的观察,证实4℃保存76个月的冻干致敏SRBC仍保有与新鲜制品同样的检测灵敏度。用囊液免疫家兔制备的免疫血清(标准阳性血清)以微量平板法检查冻干致敏SRBC的稳定性、发现当标准阳性血清保存时间超过两年时,检出效价随时间而趋于下降,效价的对数(y)与保存的月数(x)的关系为y=5.2638-0.0228x。用保存六年四个月的冻干致敏SRBC与新鲜制品平行检测29名囊虫病患者的血清抗体所得阳性率相同。     

微量快速间接血凝试验检测猪囊虫抗体

<正> 当前,脑囊虫病人从临床确诊尚有困难。国内已报道的实验诊断方法有补体结合试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、乳胶凝集法、皮内试验、对流电泳、双相扩散、间接血凝试验等法。间接红细胞凝集试验(简称血凝试验)虽已应用于病毒、细菌性疾病及寄生虫病的诊断,但用于脑囊虫病的诊断报道不多。现将我们一年多来应用该法作脑囊虫试验结果报告如     

人和猪囊虫病间接血凝试验简便法在临床上的初步应用

猪囊虫病是猪囊虫寄生在人体和猪所引起的寄生虫病。此病既妨碍养猪事业的发展又在人体造成各种危害。囊虫病的诊断方法已有皮内试验、补体结合试验、沉淀试验,对流免疫电泳、乳胶凝集试验和间接血凝试验等。其中被认为较满意的有补体结合试验,乳胶凝集试验和间接血凝试验。     

间接免疫酶试验和间接荧光抗体试验诊断囊虫病的对比研究

应用猪体囊虫冰冻切片抗原,作间接免疫酶试验(IIET)和间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT)诊断囊虫病的对比研究。检测病人65例,按临床分型皮肌型34例、脑型16例、混合型14例、眼部囊虫1例。实验证实,两种方法诊断囊虫病结果基本一致。IIET有观察结果只需用一般生物显微镜,以及标本易于保存等方面优点,是囊虫病较为理想的辅助诊断方法。     

应用间接血凝试验（IHA）诊断肺螨病的实验观察

本文采用醛化绵羊红细胞以1:800粉尘螨抗原制成致敏血球进行间接血凝试验(IHA)。37例患者阳性滴度的几何均值为84.82,最大滴度1:256,阳性率86.49％,与对照组比较有显著差异。结果认为间接血凝试验可用于肺螨病的辅助诊断,方法敏感方便,具有一定的应用价值。     

包虫病的间接血凝试验

(一)用人肝棘球蚴液抗原致敏羊红血球,对87例包虫病和255例其它疾病患者和健康人进行了间接血凝试验(IHA),87例包虫病患者中,阳性75例,阳性率86.2％。阳性率随棘球蚴部位而异,多发包虫(100％)和肝包虫(93.2％)敏感性较高,腹腔包虫(67％)最低,肺包虫为70％。25非包虫病例中,阳性9例,假阳性率为3.5％。假阳性率随所选择的血清组而异:其它寄生虫病为7.1％,其中猪肉绦虫病和囊虫病高达60％;非寄生虫病3.2％,其中结核病为13.3％,其它疾病1.2％;76名健康人无一例阳性。     

间接血凝试验诊断痘猪的初步报告

<正> 1974年以来我们对用间接血凝试验诊断囊虫病进行了探索,经实验研究及临床检验,发现对人囊虫病的诊断阳性率达89.6％,并已应用于临床。与此同时也进行了间接血凝试验对痘猪(囊虫病猪)诊断的研究工作。经过实验研究和现场试验,发现间接血凝试验对痘猪的诊断具有与人囊虫病诊断的同样价值。现将1975年春在沈阳市食品公司进行的工作简报如下。     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测囊虫病人血清中抗囊虫抗体

根据临床表现,囊虫病有脑囊虫病、眼囊虫病及肌肉与皮下组织囊虫病。对其准确的诊断,过去主要依靠皮下囊虫结节活体检查,但有些病例并不伴有皮下结节,这就造成诊断的困难。用免疫学方法诊断囊虫病的报导,日益增多,有补体结合试验、皮内试验、乳胶凝集反应、间接血凝试验等,这些试验特异性、敏感性仍存在问题,需要改进。国内用ELlSA检查囊虫病的报导极少,为此我们应用ELlSA     

小儿脑囊虫病初探(附8例报告)

脑囊虫病在我国北方地区发病率较高,但小儿发病者少见,因而常被误诊为其它疾病。我院自1968年以来收治8例小儿脑囊虫病患者,其中6例曾被我院或外院误诊,现报道如下。 临床资料 一、一般资料 8例患儿中,男女各4例,年龄最小2岁7个月,3～6岁3例,7～12岁4例。8例均来自华北、东北及西北地区。 二、诊断 尸检证实1例;颅脑手术证实1例;脑脊液囊虫间接血凝试验、补体结合试验、囊尾蚴抗     

Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests for detecting antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine were exposed to a broth culture of a low passage field isolate of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by intranasal inoculation. The intranasal-inoculated swine subsequently were commingled with their litter-mates to effect transmission via contact-exposure. Sera were collected from the swine at two to four week intervals for approximately one year postexposure and evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests. The intranasal-exposed swine seroconverted earlier, developed higher titers and remained indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation positive longer than the contact-exposed swine. It was concluded that the antibody response of intranasal-exposed swine was artificially high and that sera from such swine were not suitable for evaluating the sensitivity of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine serodiagnostic tests. The indirect hemagglutination test was relatively insensitive and technically cumbersome and the least promising as a practical field test. The complement fixation test appeared to be slightly more sensitive in detecting early antibody production (especially in contact-exposed swine) but it was the least sensitive in detecting late antibodies. The ELISA was generally the most sensitive procedure. Individual high ELISA titers were from ten to 32 times greater than maximum complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination titers. The most striking difference among the three tests was the persistence of high ELISA titers late in the study. All swine were ELISA positive at necropsy approximately one year postexposure despite the fact that lungs were devoid of lesions and culturally and immunofluorescent negative for M. hyopneumoniae.     

间接血凝试验诊断旋毛虫病

本文采用经Sephadex G-200层析后的旋毛虫幼虫抗原对实验感染旋毛虫大鼠和旋毛虫病人血清作间接血凝试验(IHA)。结果表明,20只大鼠感染后第16天全部出现阳性反应。9例旋毛虫病患者为阳性。本试验用于囊虫病、华枝睾吸虫病和健康人及正常大鼠均为阴性。检查本地区31只狗,阳性符合率为66.7％。     

Serological cross-reactivity of porcine reference antisera to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M. flocculare, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae indicated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated significant cross-reactivity between the antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( HyoP ) and M. flocculare (Floc), another porcine mycoplasma of wide distribution but uncertain pathogenic significance, when porcine antisera of each specificity were tested against HyoP antigen. The titers of the anti-Floc sera ranged from threefold to 13-fold less than the titer of the anti- HyoP reference serum at different times after immunization. These values ranged from onefold less than to fourfold greater than the minimal positive titer of 80. The antisera to the other porcine mycoplasmal antigens [i.e. M. hyorhinis ( HyoR ) and M. hyosynoviae ( HyoS )] reacted less strongly to HyoP antigen but titers only slightly less than to slightly greater than the minimal positive titer were noted for some sera. Cross-reactivity was also detected by the complement fixation test, although the titers for this test were generally lower than for the ELISA, presumably reflecting lower sensitivity of the complement fixation test. Positive indirect hemagglutination titers to HyoP antigen were also observed for both anti-Floc sera obtained at one or more times during the immune response. With two exceptions (one anti- HyoR serum with a complement fixation titer of 16 and one anti- HyoR serum with an indirect hemagglutination titer of 10), none of the anti- HyoR or anti- HyoS sera had detectable indirect hemagglutination or complement fixation titers to HyoP antigen at any time after immunization. The levels of cross-reactivity detected by the complement fixation test and indirect hemagglutination and, especially, the ELISA would be of significance for the development of any practical sero-diagnostic test for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.     

A rapid cold agglutinin test in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

A definite diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is currently based on cultural method or complement fixation test which is usually retrospective. A rapid cold agglutinin test was developed to determine its value on the early diagnosis of M. Pneumoniae infection. One hundred and thirty patients with pneumonia aged between 5 and 14 years were studied. Blood specimens from all the patients were collected for rapid cold agglutinin test, cold hemagglutination test, and complement fixation test. Thirty patients showed positive, rapid cold agglutinin test. All the patients with positive rapid cold agglutinin test had higher (greater than or equal to 1:32) cold agglutinin titers which were simultaneously performed. The rapid cold agglutinin test had 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity when a cut-off criterion was set at cold agglutinin titer greater than or equal to 1:64. Twenty-five of the 130 cases were serologically proven to have M. pneumoniae infection using complement fixation test or/and cold agglutinin titer. M. pneumoniae was a major cause (21/28) in cold agglutinin-positive pneumonic patients. The positive predictive value of the rapid cold agglutinin test is 70% (21/30). Only 28% (7/25) of the patients with M. pneumoniae infection were diagnosed at acute stage with serological method. We conclude that the rapid cold agglutinin test is of much value in the early detection of M. pneumoniae infection in office or hospital practice in children with pneumonia.     

Comparison of serological techniques to measure antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica A1

Analysis of 45 sera was performed employing five techniques which are currently in use in three laboratories to measure anti-Pasteurella haemolytica antibodies. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, passive hemagglutination, complement fixation and direct and indirect bacterial agglutination assays were employed and a relationship between tests in the measurement of anti-P. haemolytica antibodies was demonstrated. Regression analysis together with prediction and confidence intervals were tabulated also. The conclusion drawn from statistical analysis was that all five tests are similar in their ability to detect immune responses (antibody and antigen(s) interactions) to Pasteurella haemolytica.     

Indirect hemagglutination test in equine infectious anemia

An indirect hemagglutination was developed for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia using sheep red blood cells coated with group specific virus antigen which had been highly purified by affinity chromatography. The presence of indirect hemagglutination antibodies was demonstrated in horses with equine infectious anemia since the cells were specifically agglutinated by all the serum samples obtained from experimentally infected horses. Antibodies appeared within 35 days after inoculation, and development of which coincided well with that of precipitating and complement fixing antibodies. Titer of indirect hemagglutination antibodies were ten to 320 times greater than those of precipitating antibodies. Test results could be read more clearly by the indirect hemagglutination test especially in weakly positive cases. Ninety-six samples from suspected field cases collected from every region of Japan which were positive on the immunodiffusion test were also positive on indirect hemagglutination test. Serum samples from 420 horses in one race track were examined by both the indirect hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests to determine the reliability of the indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. The same result was obtained on both tests. Based on this evidence, the indirect hemagglutination test can be employed as a very sensitive serological test for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia.     

固相反向间接血凝试验检测抗-HBs的抗独特型抗体

目的建立固相反向间接血凝试验检测抗 HBs的抗独特型抗体的方法。方法用羊抗人IgG包被聚苯乙烯微孔板 (V型 ) ,捕捉血清中的抗 HBs的抗独特型抗体 (IgG) ,再加入抗 HBs致敏的血球 ,观察其凝集结果。结果对正常人血清标本 116例以及HBsAg阳性血清标本 10 2例进行了抗 HBs的抗独特型抗体检测 ,在HBsAg阳性血清标本中共检出抗 HBs的抗独特型抗体阳性标本 2 4例 ,阳性率为 2 3 7%。结论该方法具有简便、快速 ,又不需要特殊设备等优点。     

198例囊虫病的免疫学检测与分析

本文收集了１９８例皮肌型及脑型囊虫病，分别经活检、计算机断层扫描（ＣＴ）或核磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）诊断为囊虫病，并具有相应临床症状。应用间接荧光抗体试验（ＩＦＡＴ）检测本组病人血清抗体，阳性率分别为皮肌型６６．６７％（５４／８１），脑型８２．０５％（９６／１１７）。对脑型中２０例患者的脑脊液和血清抗体进行检测对比，阳性率分别为５５％和８５％。实验表明，ＩＦＡＴ对于脑型囊虫病的抗体检出率高于皮肌型，在检测抗体诊断脑囊虫病时应首选血清标本。     

Primary cytomegalovirus and opportunistic infections. Incidence in renal transplant recipients.

Thirty-five renal allograft recipients were studied concerning the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. The incidence of opportunistic infections was determined for patients whose tests prior to transplantation were seronegative in complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination assays of CMV antibody and for those patients whose tests were seropositive. Among the six seronegative patients with seronegative tests, four (66%) experienced active CMV infection within two months, and four died of Candida or Aspergillus infection within six months after transplantation. Among the 22 patients with seropositive tests, only one (4%) had a fungal infection and it was nonfatal (P less than .05). The increased morbidity and mortality due to fungal and bacterial infections in transplant recipients with seronegative CMV tests appears, therefore, to be related to primary CMV infection rather than to generalized immunodeficiency.