带蒂展肌移植修复晚期面瘫的应用解剖研究

目的：为展肌移植治疗晚期面瘫提供形态学资料。方法：在５０侧成人下肢中观察了展肌的形态、血供和神经支配。结果：展肌位置表浅,位于足底肌的第一层,其血供和神经支配分别来自足底内侧动脉和神经,两者伴行,走行恒定。结论：展肌是修复晚期面瘫的理想供肌     

带蒂拇展肌移植修复晚期面瘫的应用解剖研究

目的：为拇展肌移植治疗晚期面瘫提供形态学资料。方法：在５０侧成人下肢中观察了每展肌的形态,血供和神经支配。结果：拇展肌位置表浅,位于足底肌的第一层,其血供和神经支配分别来自足底内侧动脉和神经,两者伴行,走行恒定。结论：拇展肌是修复晚期面瘫的理想供肌。     

足底内侧和外侧群肌的肌内神经整体分布模式及临床意义

目的 揭示足底内侧和外侧群肌的肌内神经整体分布模式,探讨其临床意义.方法 24具成年尸体,完整取下足底内侧和外侧群肌,采用改良Sihler染色显示肌内神经分布模式.结果 (足母)收肌的神经支从肌止端的深面入肌,而(足母)展肌、(足母)短屈肌、小趾展肌和小趾短屈肌的神经支常从肌起端的深面入肌.(足母)展肌中有1个半月形和...     

足内侧穿支皮瓣设计的解剖基础

目的    为足内侧穿支皮瓣的临床应用提供解剖基础。  方法　对8侧乳胶灌注的成人下肢标本足内侧区进行显微解剖,观测各穿支血管的位置、数目、外径、蒂长及吻合等情况。  结果　足内侧区皮肤的血供有：足底内侧动脉、内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉和母趾胫侧动脉。足底内侧动脉浅支穿母展肌在舟骨粗隆附近浅出,外径（1.08±0.20）mm;深支从母展肌和趾短屈肌的间隙内向足底内侧平均发出5.3支穿支,平均外径（0.63±0.25）mm,蒂长（0.93±0.31）cm;内侧深支的内侧支由舟骨粗隆前（1.92±0.61）cm处从母展肌上缘浅出至足内侧。母趾胫侧动脉从第一跖趾关节近侧（2.03±0.56）cm处穿出至足内侧。足底内侧动脉浅支、内侧深支的内侧支与内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉吻合形成展肌上缘动脉弓,动脉弓的远端与母趾胫侧动脉相吻合。  结论　足内侧穿支皮瓣可设计以不同的穿支为蒂进行带蒂转移,修复前足、踝部及足跟周围软组织缺损,也可设计游离皮瓣修复手指掌侧软组织缺损。     

吻合血管拇趾趾足底神经移植的应用解剖

在４０侧成人足底标本、５侧足动脉透明标本和５侧足动脉铸型标本上，用肉眼和５倍放大镜下观察足底内侧神经分支拇趾趾足底神经及动脉供应。拇趾趾足底神经平均长１４．９ｃｍ、横径１．７。神经血供主要来源于足底内侧动脉浅支和拇趾趾胫侧趾底固有动脉。足底内侧动脉浅支外径为１．２ｍｍ。拇趾胫侧趾底固有动脉外径１．３ｃｍ。拇趾趾足底神经和供应动脉切取容易，该神经血管外径均能满足显微外科吻接要求，切取此神经血管后对足     

展肌转位修复跟腱的应用解剖

在30侧成人下肢标本上,观测了拇展肌形态和血供。设计了以足底内侧动脉或其深支为蒂的拇展肌或肌皮瓣转位修复跟腱和皮肤缺损的术式。并作了拇展肌肌腱和跟腱的拉伸破坏试验:拇展肌肌腱载荷平均为66.4kg,跟腱载荷平均为235.2kg。两者载荷之比为1∶3.5.     

吻合足底内侧动脉浅支足底内侧皮瓣移植修复手部缺损的应用解剖

目的为以足底内侧动脉浅支及其皮支为蒂游离足底内侧皮瓣修复手部缺损提供解剖学基础。方法在20侧成人下肢标本、6只灌注红色乳胶成人新鲜足标本及10侧下肢动脉铸型标本上解剖观测了足底内侧动脉浅支足底内侧皮支起始部位、走行、长度、外径、分支分布及吻合。结果足底内侧动脉浅支足底内侧皮支于舟骨粗隆后(1.5±0.4)cm下方发出,向前下斜行至足底内侧皮肤;该皮支长(2.8±0.2)cm,外径(0.8±0.2)mm。结论①足底内侧皮瓣可以是足底内侧动脉浅支足底内侧皮支或足底内侧动脉深支足底皮穿支为供血。②足底内侧皮瓣游离移植适用于手掌及手指腹侧创面修复的特殊需要。     

以足底内侧动脉深支内侧支为蒂游离足内侧皮瓣的应用解剖

目的 :为以足底内侧动脉深支的内侧支为蒂足内侧皮瓣设计的改进提供解剖学基础。方法 :在 32侧成人下肢标本及 2只灌注红色乳胶成人新鲜足标本 ,解剖观测了足底内侧动脉深支的内侧支分支分布、吻合、外径及长度 ,皮瓣的静脉和神经分布。结果 :内侧支长 (2 .6± 0 .2 )cm ,外径 (1.0± 0 .1)mm ;伴行静脉 1条占 75 % ,外径 (1.3± 0 .3)mm ,伴行静脉 2条者占 2 5 % ,外径 (0 .9± 0 .2 )mm ;皮瓣供区有隐神经终支和足背内侧皮神经内侧支分布。结论 :①足内侧皮瓣可以是足底内侧动脉深皮内侧支或由跗内侧动脉供血 ;②静脉为动脉伴行静脉和大隐静脉深、浅两套 ;③皮瓣有隐神经终支和足背内侧皮神经内侧支 ;④游离足内侧皮瓣适用于手部创面修复的特殊要求。     

长伸肌瓣的解剖学基础

在30个成人下肢标本上观察了长伸肌的形态、血供和神经支配。测得肌长23.1cm。该肌由7-17支胫前动脉横向分支供应,肌下份有腓动脉穿支发出补充,动脉主要从肌的内侧入肌。腓深神经约发出2支分支分布该肌,也是从肌内侧进入肌内。根据观察结果我们认为长仲肌瓣倒置治疗小腿中下份慢性骨髓炎及开放性胫骨骨折,似为较理想的供肌。     

足底肌瓣血管神经的巨微解剖

<正> 作者用手术显微镜观测了50例成人尸体足底浅层肌肉的血管和神经,并对浅层肌瓣血管蒂的选择进行了讨论。结果显示:足底浅层肌肉的血供来源于足底内、外侧动脉,神经来自足底内、外侧神经。趾短屈肌的动脉几乎均匀地来自足底内、外侧动脉,神经来自足底内侧神经。(足母)展肌的血供69％来自足底内侧动脉发出的深支动脉,该动脉出现     

拇展肌与拇收肌移位吻接术前、后黏弹性实验研究

研究了正常拇展肌、拇收肌拉伸黏弹性力学性质和模拟拇外翻拇展肌、拇收肌移位吻接术后拇展肌和拇收肌的拉伸黏弹性力学性质.取20个足标本,解剖后暴露拇展肌与拇收肌,得出拉伸应力松弛、蠕变等数据.对断裂后的拇收肌和拇展肌模拟临床手术进行移位吻接,对10个拇展肌和10个拇收肌标本做腱与腱吻接,另各取10个拇收肌、拇展肌标本做了腱与骨膜吻接.对吻接后的标本进行拉伸实验,得出了吻接术后各组拉伸应力松弛、蠕变曲线.以回归分析的方法处理实验数据,得出了归一化应力松弛、蠕变曲线及归一化应力松弛函数和归一换化蠕变函数.     

三维可视化重建 展肌上缘动脉弓为蒂的可移植岛状皮瓣

背景：目前以 展肌上缘动脉弓为蒂的岛状皮瓣设计依赖于临床医生的抽象思维,难以定量分析和交流学习,使其在临床上的推广使用受限。 目的：对 展肌上缘动脉弓为蒂的岛状皮瓣进行三维可视化重建,建立该皮瓣动脉的可视化模型。 方法：选取新鲜成人标本1具,经胫前动脉与胫后动脉行明胶-氧化铅混悬液灌注后,足部64排CT扫描,并通过mimics10.0软件重建内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉、足底内侧动脉浅支及其吻合支,观察 展肌上缘动脉弓的形成、走形与分布情况。根据解剖结构的特点,对皮肤及其血管进行重建,获得立体形态的动脉皮瓣结构。 结果与结论：三维重建的各部位层次分明, 展肌上缘动脉弓显示良好、实体感强、皮肤和动脉的相互关系一目了然,在三维重建的图像中清楚的观察各解剖结构的形态,特别是 展肌上缘动脉弓的形成及其体表投影得到了很好的显示。结果表明 展肌上缘动脉弓为蒂的岛状皮瓣三维重建对基础研究、临床试验及手术规划具有重要价值,为临床个性化手术方式的选择提供直观的参考,从而提高手术成功率。     

Potential sites of compression of tibial nerve branches in foot: A cadaveric and imaging study

Hypertrophy of abductor hallucis muscle is one of the reported causes of compression of tibial nerve branches in foot, resulting in tarsal tunnel syndrome. In this study, we dissected the foot (including the sole) of 120 lower limbs in 60 human cadavers (45 males and 15 females), aged between 45 and 70 years to analyze the possible impact of abductor hallucis muscle in compression neuropathy of tibial nerve branches. We identified five areas in foot, where tibial nerve branches could be compressed by abductor hallucis. Our findings regarding three of these areas were substantiated by clinical evidence from ultrasonography of ankle and sole region, conducted in the affected foot of 120 patients (82 males and 38 females), aged between 42 and 75 years, who were referred for evaluation of pain and/or swelling in medial side of ankle joint with or without associated heel and/or sole pain. We also assessed whether estimation of parameters for the muscle size could identify patients at risk of having nerve compression due to abductor hallucis muscle hypertrophy. The interclass correlation coefficient for dorso‐planter thickness of abductor hallucis muscle was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63–0.92) and that of medio‐lateral width was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.62–0.88) in the imaging study, suggesting both are reliable parameters of the muscle size. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed, if ultrasonographic estimation of dorso‐plantar thickness is >12.8 mm and medio‐lateral width > 30.66 mm in patients with symptoms of nerve compression in foot, abductor hallucis muscle hypertrophy associated compression neuropathy may be suspected. Clin. Anat. 26:768–779, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Innervation of the abductor digiti minimi muscle of the human foot: anatomical basis of the entrapment of the abductor digiti minimi nerve

The origin, relationships and innervation of the abductor digiti minimi muscle were determined in 145 human feet, from formaldehyde-fixed cadavers. The muscle arises from both processes of the calcaneal tuberosity, from the plantar aponeurosis and from the septum which separates it from the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. The nerve to the abductor digiti minimi muscle arises next to the origin of the lateral plantar nerve, close to the abductor hallucis muscle, and descends becoming closely related to the medial face of the calcaneus and the deep face of the abductor hallucis muscle. Then, it passes inferiorly through the origin of the quadratus plantae muscle and later divides into two branches for the two heads of the muscle.     

足部相关肌肉、肌腱组织材料弹性模量的测定

背景：目前,几乎所有足部三维有限元模型的材料参数均来自国外研究,尚未见有关国人组织材料参数的测量与报道。 目的：对国人足部的相关肌肉、肌腱材料做测量,获得初步的参数数据。 方法：解剖成年女性左小腿足新鲜标本拇长屈肌及其肌腱、拇短屈肌内外侧头、拇长伸肌及其肌腱、拇收肌横头及斜头、拇展肌,分别测量和计算各试样的截面积和位于夹具之间的长度并记录数值,将标本加载载荷,1个测样反复测量4次,采集强度极限、最大载荷等数据,以及载荷-位移曲线。根据胡克定律,计算各标本的弹性模量。 结果与结论：共得到了包括拇长伸肌、拇长屈肌、拇收肌、拇展肌横头和斜头、拇短屈肌内外侧头、拇长屈肌腱、拇长伸肌腱9个样本的相关测量数据,主要包括长度、宽度、厚度、横截面积、最大载荷、强度极限和弹性模量。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle in feet with and without hallux valgus

Textbooks of human anatomy present different opinions on the insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle which is concerned in etiology as well as in therapy of hallux valgus. In plastic and reconstructive surgery the muscle is taken as a graft for flap-surgery. In this study 109 feet (58 right, 51 left) were examined, 18 of these with clinical hallux valgus. The tendon of the muscle may attach to the tendon of the medial head of the short flexor hallucis muscle where a subtendineous bursa can be found. At the head of the first metatarsal bone the joint capsule is reinforced by fibres arising from the medial sesamoid bone which may be called "medial sesamoidal ligament." The tendon passes the first metatarsophalangeal joint plantarily to its transverse axis. Three types of insertion could be distinguished: type A, insertion at the proximal phalanx (N = 42); type B, insertion at the medial sesamoid ligament and at the medial sesamoid bone (N = 65); type C, insertion at the medial sesamoid bone (N = 2). In all types superficial fibres of the tendon extended to the medial and plantar sides of the base of the proximal phalanx, running in a plantar to dorsal direction. Statistical analysis exposed neither significant differences between both sides nor significant difference between normal feet and feet with hallux valgus. Therefore, a specific pattern of insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle in hallux valgus cannot be stated.     

"跖袖"的解剖学特点及临床意义

目的:探讨跖袖的解剖学特点及临床意义。方法:对20只足的跖袖的构成特点进行应用解剖学观测及力学分析。结果:跖袖的构成复杂,其中收肌、展肌是维持前足横弓及籽骨系统动力平衡的关键因素,跖袖的动力平衡失调,特别是展肌与收肌通过籽骨系统导致的平衡失调是外翻形成的核心机制,在外翻畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。结论:展肌与收肌移位吻合矫正外翻的新术式恢复了跖袖的正常解剖关系,重建前足横弓,恢复了前足的生理解剖结构及生物力学功能。     

带蒂拇展肌皮瓣转位修复足部软组织缺损的解剖与临床

目的:为应用带蒂拇展肌皮瓣移位修复足部皮肤缺损提供解剖学依据。方法:在33侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上,解剖观测拇展肌的形态、血供和神经支配,设计并应用带蒂拇展肌皮瓣转位修复足部软组织缺损65例。结果:经1.5～5年的随访,肌皮瓣成活良好,足负重功能恢复基本正常。结论:证实拇展肌皮瓣在足部软组织缺损治疗中有独特的疗效。