CT和MRI对颈椎病的诊断价值

目的：评价ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ对颈椎病的诊断价值。材料和方法：复习９０例颈椎病患者的术前和术后的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ（８６例超低场，４例超导高场）影像，对其骨性结构和椎管内容物进行对比。结果：ＭＲＩ对颈椎间盘突出的显示优于ＣＴ。颈椎管狭窄的ＣＴ显示优于ＭＲＩ。后纵韧带骨化的ＣＴ显示优于ＭＲＩ。ＭＲＩ对脊髓受压程度的评估优于ＣＴ。ＣＴ能较好的评估术后减压范围和椎管扩大程度。ＭＲＩ在术后六个月可用于预测脊髓功能的恢复。结论：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对颈椎病的诊断和术后评估很在价值，二者可互为补充。     

腰椎璀为的CT和脊髓造影检查以及与手术比较（附61例分析）

本文回顾分析经手术证实腰椎间盘病变６１例，５１例行ＣＴ和脊髓造影双重检查，１０例单纯经ＣＴ检查。５１例中，ＣＴ和脊髓造影均与手术符合３９例，另１２例中，ＣＴ与手术符合９例，部分符合１例，假阳性２例；脊髓造影失３例，假阴性３例，假阳性５例，部分符合１例。１０例单纯ＣＴ检查，９例与手术符合，１例部分符合。与手术比较，ＣＴ总的正确率为９５％；脊髓造影为７８％。本组统计资料表明，ＣＴ对腰椎间盘病变的诊断正     

颈椎过屈性损伤的MRI诊断

目的分析不同程度颈椎过屈性损伤的影像表现，评价ＭＲＩ表现的意义。方法３１例颈椎过屈性损伤，平均年龄３２岁，外伤史明确。全部病例在伤后不同时间行ＭＲＩ扫描，ＭＲＩ扫描前常规摄颈椎平片，部分行ＣＴ扫描。结果３１例中１７例伤及Ｃ４～６椎体，占５５％，同时累及２个椎体４例，占１３％。影像表现为棘突骨折、椎体前脱位、椎体宽界面压缩骨折、双侧关节突关节脱位、屈曲泪滴样骨折５种类型。ＭＲＩ同时显示２４例后部复合韧带撕裂，３例后纵韧带和５例前纵韧带撕裂，１６例椎间盘受压或碎裂变形，２３例颈髓受压、形态信号异常，其中３例横断。结论ＭＲＩ能反映不同程度不同方向的屈曲外力引起的颈椎和脊髓不同程度的病理变化，ＭＲＩ对脊髓、间盘、韧带等软组织损伤的评价，是判断不同程度颈椎过屈性损伤椎体稳定性及预后的依据。ＭＲＩ可反映颈椎过屈性损伤全部损伤机制及其病理基础     

脊柱损伤的CT诊断(附80例分析)

目的：探讨脊柱损伤的ＣＴ 诊断。材料与方法：脊柱损伤８０ 例，其中颈椎６ 例，胸椎１８ 例，腰椎５０ 例，另６ 例为胸１２、腰１ 同时受损。均用ＳＣＴ４５００ ＴＥ ＣＴ 机扫描。结果：（１） 骨折：单纯屈曲压缩型２２ 例，爆裂型３８ 例，安全带型４ 例，骨折脱位型６ 例，其它型１０ 例。（２） 并发症：椎管内血肿４ 例，椎旁血肿２５ 例，椎间盘脱出１０ 例，其它８ 例。结论：ＣＴ 可全面了解骨折程度、范围及细微改变；准确显示椎管变形狭窄程度及范围；准确判断脊柱稳定性；了解是否有并发症。对脊柱序列观察，对脊髓受压、受损的判定有一定局限性。     

颈椎椎间关节X线摄影方法探讨

颈椎椎间关节Ｘ线摄影方法探讨王粮钢张正方笔者依据颈椎椎间关节的解剖，并对关节面倾斜度进行了ＣＴ测量和标本摄影，摸索出两种Ｘ线摄影方法，经临床应用，效果良好。一、资料、方法与测量结果在美国ＧＥ公司Ｓｙｔｅｃ３０００型全身ＣＴ检查中，随机的１００例非颈椎...     

过伸性颈椎与脊髓损伤(附25例报告)

报告25例过伸性颈椎和脊髓损伤。其中,急性中央脊髓综合征16例,脊髓部分损伤4例,前脊髓综合征2例,严重脊髓损伤3例。颈椎过伸性损伤可引起不同类型的脊髓伤,但以中央脊髓综合征多见。本组多采用保守治疗,效果较好。并对过伸性损伤的诊断和颈椎与脊髓伤之间关系作了讨论。     

颈椎急性损伤影像学：对X线平片,CT及MR的评价

Ｘ线平片是最基本检查手段，最适用评价寰枕脱位、绞刑骨折和屈曲撕脱骨折；ＣＴ适用于枕骨髁骨折、寰枢椎旋转脱位和寰椎爆裂骨折的评价；ＭＲ适用颈椎过度伸直损伤引起的韧带断裂、闭合损伤后椎动脉闭塞，并有效地鉴别脊髓内出血、间盘脱出和硬膜外血肿。本复习献，探讨了Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲ在颈椎急性损伤的诊断和治疗中的作用及各自的优点。     

颈段脊柱损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨ＭＲＩ在颈段脊柱损伤中的应用价值。材料与方法 ３０例颈椎外伤患者行ＭＲＩ检查。所有患者均行Ｘ线检查,其中６例行ＣＴ检查。结果 ３０例中伤及颈５～７占８０％,根据ＭＲＩ表现将颈段脊柱外伤分为５类：单纯压缩性骨折;泪滴性骨折;爆裂性骨折;骨折脱位,无骨折脱位。全部病例ＭＲＩ均清楚显示伴有脊髓信号的异常,２例可见脊髓断裂。结论 ＭＲＩ可以对颈椎损伤形态及脊髓、韧带、间盘等软组织损伤作出准确的评     

脊柱创伤的CT诊断

目的：评价ＣＴ检查对脊柱创伤的诊断价值，提出脊柱创伤后作ＣＴ检查的适应证。材料和方法：５３例脊柱创伤的病人均作了平片及ＣＴ检查，并对各种类型脊柱创伤的平片和ＣＴ征象进行了回顾性分析。结果：ＣＴ能清楚显示三柱解剖结构、骨性椎管情况及脊髓受压程度，提高了诊断正确性，并提出了对下颈椎及椎管横径变窄的诊断价值。结论：笔者认为每个脊柱创伤的病人应先作平片检查，当具有下列五种平片征象时应作ＣＴ检查：１．椎体前缘严重楔形变；２．椎弓根间距增宽；３．椎体后缘高度减低；４．脊柱后突畸形；５．椎体前后错位。此外，当临床上有截瘫和神经症状时，即使平片表现轻微，也是作ＣＴ检查的适应证。     

颈椎损伤的MRI表现

本文报告颈椎损伤后行MRI检查者88例,着重分析了颈椎损伤的MRI表现.并就颈椎椎体骨折、脱位、椎间盘突出、脊髓受压及脊髓损伤进行了讨论,旨在探讨颈椎损伤的MRI诊断及颈椎损伤和临床表现的关系.     

Symptomatic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine: pictorial essay

Symptomatic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine is a rare but well-documented condition. It is the causative factor in up to 5% of cases presenting with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy. Computed tomography is the modality of choice in showing the distinctive characteristics and extent of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive in detecting cord compression and its attendant complications. Cervical OPLL commonly affects those of middle and advanced age, and the condition is noted to be particularly common in Japanese, although other racial groups are also affected. A 'mushroom' or 'hill' shape on axial CT typifies OPLL. A sharp radiolucent line separating the posterior vertebral margin from the superficial component of the ossified ligament is a characteristic feature.     

Bony overgrowths and abnormal calcifications about the spine

The common phenomenon of osteophyte formation about the vertebral margins and on the vertebral bodies in certain instances connotes underlying disk degeneration. The classification and mechanism of formation of these bony excrescences are not totally clear in all instances, but there is frequent association with degenerative disk change. Distorted alignment of the spinal column as in scoliosis, and functional demands on the spine, play major roles in these abnormalities. The true degree of anatomic abnormality is greater than can be appreciated on the radiographs. Syndesmophytes are vertically orientated outgrowths of trabecular bone forming in the outer margins of the annulus fibrosus and related to repeated episodes of inflammation and repair. They are classically seen in ankylosing spondylitis and colonic spondyloarthropathy. Bulky paravertebral excrescences are more likely to be found in psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome. Other bony excrescences in the spine were also discussed. OPLL is a progressive disease that can result in severe radicular and myelopathic symptoms. Although OPLL appears to have an unexplained predilection for Asians, it affects all races. Classically diagnosed on lateral radiographs of the cervical spine, it is best imaged with CT. Proper evaluation of the extent of the entire ossified mass and its effect on the spinal cord is crucial in the planning of adequate therapy.     

Acute cervical spine trauma: evaluation with 1.5-T MR imaging

Twenty-one patients with acute neurologic deficits following cervical spine trauma were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n = 21), computed tomography enhanced with intrathecal contrast material (CT myelography) (n = 18), myelography (n = 13), cervical spine radiography (n = 21), and intraoperative sonography (n = 7). MR imaging proved superior to other modalities in demonstrating parenchymal spinal cord injuries and cervical intervertebral disk herniation. Although both T1- and T2-weighted studies appear necessary to evaluate the anatomic relationship of the spinal cord, thecal space, intervertebral disks, and surrounding osseous and ligamentous structures, T2-weighted sequences were more sensitive than T1-weighted studies for detection of spinal cord injury. CT myelography was superior to MR imaging in demonstrating cervical spine fractures. In most cases, myelography revealed no information that was not apparent from both CT and MR imaging studies. Preliminary experience with MR imaging of acute cervical spine trauma suggests that it should be the study of choice in symptomatic patients who are otherwise clinically stable. CT may still be required in selected patients to evaluate complex fractures.     

Normal CT anatomy of the spine

Summary To analyse the anatomo-radiological correlation of the spine and spinal cord, 22 formalized, frozen anatomical specimens corresponding to different regions of the spinal column (8 cervical, 5 dorsal, and 9 lumbar) were studied by CT scans on axial, sagittal and coronal planes and by contact radiography after they were cut into anatomical slices in order to clarify the normal CT anatomical spinal column. The results obtained from CT patient scans, performed exclusively on the axial plane, were compared with those obtained from the anatomical specimens (both CT and contrast radiography). High resolution CT programs were used, enabling us to obtain better individualization of the normal structures contained in the spinal column. Direct sagittal and coronal sections were performed on the specimens in order to get further anatomo-radiological information. Enhanced CT studies of the specimens were also available because of the air already present in the subarachnoid spaces. Excellent visualization was obtained of bone structures, soft tissue and the spinal cord. High CT resolution of the spine appears to be an excellent neuroradiological procedure to study the spine and spinal cord. A metrizamide CT scan is, however, necessary when a normal unenhanced CT scan is insufficient for diagnosis and when the spinal cord is not clearly visible, as often happens at the cervical level. Clinical findings are certainly very useful to ascertain the exact CT level and to limit the radiation exposure.     

Morphology and dimensions of the thoracic cord by computer-assisted metrizamide myelography

Computed tomographic (CT) measurements of the thoracic spine and its contents were obtained in 33 patients undergoing metrizamide myelography for various spinal disorders. Twenty-eight of these patients had symptoms referable to the cervical or lumbar region and form the basis of this study. Five patients had symptoms referable to the thoracic spine. Sagittal and coronal CT measurements of the thoracic cord and subarachnoid space were obtained in all cases. In addition, macroscopic measurements of the thoracic cord were obtained from 10 autopsies for correlation with the CT findings. The technical aspects of the measurements are discussed; the normal morphology of the thoracic cord and thecal sac is presented; and the metrizamide CT pattern associated with pathologic lesions involving the thoracic cord is analyzed.     

轻中型颅脑损伤合并无脊髓损伤的上颈椎骨折脱位的诊治

目的总结轻中型颅脑损伤合并无脊髓损伤的上颈椎骨折脱位的诊治经验,以提高对其的认识和疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月—2017年12月海军军医大学附属公利医院骨科收治的25例轻中型颅脑损伤合并无脊髓损伤的上颈椎骨折脱位患者临床资料,男性14例,女性11例;年龄20~71岁,平均48.2岁。颅脑损伤9例行手术治疗,16例行非手术治疗;颈椎骨折10例行非手术治疗,13例单独行颈椎手术,2例一期颅颈联合手术。出院时进行格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS评分),术后门诊随访X线片或CT片评价颈椎骨折愈合情况。结果出院时GOS V级20例,IV级4例,I级1例。随访12~48个月,平均24.5个月,复查颈椎X线片或CT示骨折愈合良好。结论颅脑损伤患者常规颈椎CT扫描有助于上颈椎损伤的早期诊断。上颈椎不稳定骨折在病情允许下尽早手术,可减少并发症的发生。     

无脊髓损伤的颈椎骨折脱位临床研究

目的探讨无脊髓损伤的颈椎骨折脱位的发病机制及手术治疗方法。方法 32例无脊髓损伤的颈椎骨折或骨折脱位,其中新鲜损伤26例,陈旧性损伤6例。其中28例手术治疗,4例非手术治疗。结果术后全部病例均获随访观察,26例完全恢复,6例残留手指麻木和局部不适。植骨在3个月内牢固融合。颈椎椎间高度、生理曲度维持良好,无断钉及断板等并发症。结论对于无脊髓损伤的颈椎骨折脱位发病机制特殊,手术治疗可使不稳的颈椎获得即刻的稳定性,有效地防止脊髓的继发性损伤。     

Cervical hydatid disease with retropharyngeal involvement: a case report

Hydatid disease involves the bones in 0.5 to 2% of cases, with 44% of these cases at the level of the spine. The cervical spine is a rare location, with a risk of spinal cord compression and recurrences. The Authors report a case of a young male admitted for progressive quadriplegia secondary to cervical spine hydatidosis, extending towards the retropharynx that was evaluated by CT and MRI.     

颈椎过伸性损伤X线片与MRI比较分析

目的：评价对比X钱片与MRI对颈椎过伸性损伤的诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析收治入院的53例颈椎过伸性损伤患者的临床特点、X线片、MRI特点。结果：X线片提示损伤34例，占总数的64．15％；MRI表现有推前血肿和水肿、积液、脊髓受压变形、脊髓内水肿、前纵韧带断裂、椎间盘水平性撕裂、椎间盘突出、脊髓部分及完全性横断等以及椎管狭窄、OPLL、颈椎病等，所有患者的MRI均发现不同的损伤征象，还发现7例椎动脉损伤。结论：MRI优良的软组织成像能力使之对于颈椎过伸性损伤的检出、损伤机制和损伤程度描述均优于其他方法，是目前的最佳方法，对治疗方法的选择亦具有很好的指导意义。     

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine

Ossification of the ligamentum longitudinale posterius is a rare disease found in particular in Japan and southeastern Asia. In the literature it is described as the so-called Japanese disease or OPLL syndrome. The disease takes a slow, frequently asymptomatic, course but may cause severe stenosis of the spinal canal with neurological disorders, OPLL occurs frequently concurrently with ankylosing spondylitis, hypertrophic spondylosis, diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis of the skeleton. Own observation: a 68-year-old man with a long history of cervicalgia, subsequently paraesthesias of the upper extremities, without a spastic atactic symptomatology of the lower extremities. An X-ray extremities, of the skeleton was made, tomograms and CT of the cervical spine. In the Cl-6 area major ossifications of the posterior longitudinal ligament were found which caused stenosis of the spinal canal of an extent of up to two thirds.