血管内皮生长因子C及其受体3mRNA在上皮性卵巢癌组织的表达及意义

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF-C）及其受体3（VEGFR-3）mRNA在上皮性卵巢癌组织的表达及与癌周淋巴管生成及淋巴转移的关系。方法 2003-04—2004-06第三军医大学附属西南医院采用RT-PCR方法，检测VEGF-C及VEGFR-3mRNA在良、恶性上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织的表达及组织化学淋巴管染色并计数，分析其与VEGF-C mRNA表达及淋巴转移的关系。结果 VEGF-C mRNA和VEGFR-3 mRNA在卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的表达差异有显著性。VEGF-C mRNA表达阳性及有淋巴结转移组的癌组织淋巴管密度分别大于VEGF-CmRNA表达阴性及无淋巴结转移组的癌组织，二者差异均有显著性。结论 VEGF-CmRNA在上皮性卵巢癌组织的表达上调导致了癌周淋巴管生成，促进了肿瘤的淋巴道转移。     

血管内皮生长因子C及其受体3在宫颈癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)及其受体3在宫颈癌中的表达及其与癌周淋巴管生成、淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化二步法检测55例宫颈癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3的表达情况。结果宫颈癌组织VEGF-C、VEGFR-3阳性率分别为69.1%、61.8%。VEGF-C与VEGFR-3阳性率在淋巴结转移、低分化组织中均明显升高(均P<0.05)。淋巴结转移的宫颈癌组织中淋巴管密度(LMVD)明显升高(P<0.01)。VEGF-C、VEGFR-3阳性的患者有明显预后不良的趋势。结论VEGF-C通过受体VEGFR-3在宫颈癌发生盆腔淋巴结转移中发挥重要作用。     

血管内皮生长因子-C与乳腺癌淋巴管生成及淋巴转移的相关性研究

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子-C与乳腺癌淋巴管生成的关系,探讨其在乳腺癌淋巴转移中的作用。方法:以免疫组化SP法分别检测41例乳腺癌组织及周围正常组织、有、无转移淋巴结组织中的VEGF-C蛋白的表达水平,并采用实时定量PCR法检测乳腺癌组织、周围正常组织VEGF-CmRNA的表达水平,探讨其在乳腺癌淋巴转移中的作用。结果:VEGF-C在乳腺癌组织中和在周围正常乳腺组织中的阳性表达率分别为78.0%和34.1%;在淋巴结转移组中和无转移淋巴结组中阳性率分别为61.9%和30.0%和25.0;2组差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:乳腺癌细胞可能通过VEGF-C的高表达刺激新生淋巴管的生成,诱导肿瘤细胞进入淋巴管中,以促进乳腺癌淋巴转移的发生。     

子宫颈癌癌前病变和早期子宫颈鳞癌组织中血小板源性生长因子的表达及其临床意义

肿瘤组织的新生血管和新生淋巴管发生受许多因素的调控,其中血小板源性生长因子(platelet-derived growthfactor,PDGF)家族成员及其受体在肿瘤组织新生血管及淋巴管的发生过程中发挥着重要作用;PDGF-A和PDGF-B在宫颈癌细胞中有表达[1].研究表明,宫颈癌组织中存在PDGF受体(PDGFR)的表达,被认为是潜在的抑癌位点[2].动物实验发现,PDGF-A、B均能促进肿瘤淋巴管的新生,其中PDGF-B对淋巴管新生具有较强的作用[3];PDGF-A可以促进非小细胞肺癌的血管新生[4].PDGF-C、D是近年来发现的PDGF家族新成员,在多种肿瘤细胞系中有表达,PDGF C具有促进血管新生的作用[5-6],然而,两者在人类疾病中的作用机制有待深入研究.本研究旨在定量检测宫颈病变组织中的PDGF-A、B、C、D基因的表达水平,并探讨其与淋巴管内皮标志物——同源框转录因子Prox-1代表的微淋巴管新生之间的关系.     

卵巢上皮性癌淋巴结转移相关差异表达蛋白内质网氨基肽酶1的表达及意义

目的 从基因转录及蛋白表达的水平检测内质网氨基肽酶1(ERAP1)在卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌)细胞、组织中的表达,探讨其与卵巢癌转移的关系.方法 应用实时荧光定量PCR技术、蛋白印迹法检测在卵巢癌淋巴结非定向转移细胞系(SKOV3)与淋巴结定向高转移细胞系(SKOV3-pm2、SKOV3-pm3、SKOV3-pm4)中ERAP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况;并应用免疫组化方法在人卵巢癌原发灶与相应的淋巴结转移灶、裸鼠卵巢癌移植瘤原发灶与相应的淋巴结转移灶中对ERAP1的蛋白表达进行验证.结果 SKOV3、SKOV3-pm2、SKOV3-pm3、SKOV3-pm4细胞中ERAP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达呈下降趋势(分别为0.118±0.012、0.031±0.003、0.028±0.003、0.016±0.005;0.91±0.33、0.09±0.03、0.10±0.04、0.05±0.04),其中,SKOV3细胞中ERAP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达显著高于SKOV3-pm2、SKOV3-pm3、SKOV3-pm4细胞,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).ERAP1蛋白在人卵巢痛原发灶(184±14)和相应的淋巴结转移灶、裸鼠卵巢癌移植瘤原发灶(143±22)和相应的淋巴结转移灶(97±12)中的表达均呈下降趋势,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 卵巢癌中ERAP1表达的下降或缺失与淋巴结转移有关.     

VEGFR-3在早期宫颈癌进展过程中的作用

目的:探讨VEGFR-3在早期宫颈癌进展过程中的作用。方法:免疫组织化学法检测41例早期子宫颈癌(ⅠA～ⅡA)组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3的表达,同时检测VEGFR-3标记的脉管密度(MVD),分析其与临床病理因素的关系。结果:(1)VEGFR-3除于淋巴管内皮细胞表达外,部分血管内皮细胞也有表达。形态学上VEGFR-3阳性脉管部分为血管,部分为淋巴管,主要分布于肿瘤组织周围间质中。肿瘤细胞中可见VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3蛋白表达,其表达阳性率分别为48.7%(20/41)、58.5%(24/41)、63.4%(26/41);(2)肿瘤细胞中VEGFR-3蛋白表达与宫颈癌患者月经状态、组织学分级、组织学类型无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移、淋巴管浸润及VEGF-C、D蛋白表达相关;MVD与月经状态、组织学分级、组织学类型、淋巴结转移、淋巴管浸润均无关,与临床分期及VEGF-C、D蛋白表达相关。结论:VEGFR-3可能通过促进肿瘤血管生成和淋巴管生成,参与了早期宫颈癌的恶性进展。     

卵巢上皮性癌中survivin和VEGF-C蛋白表达的相关性及意义

目的:探讨生存素(survivin)、血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在卵巢上皮性癌发生、发展及腹腔转移中的作用,以及两蛋白表达的相关性。方法:采用免疫组化法检测132例原发性卵巢上皮性癌、50例交界性上皮性肿瘤及50例良性上皮性肿瘤组织中survivin和VEGF-C蛋白的表达,分析其表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果:卵巢癌组织中survivin和VEGF-C阳性表达率分别为90.1%(119/132)和87.9%(116/132),明显高于良性肿瘤组[22.0%(11/50),35.0%(15/50)]和交界性肿瘤组[48.0%(24/50),56.0%(28/50)](P0.05)。卵巢癌组织中survivin和VEGF-C表达呈正相关(r=0.592,P0.05)。肿瘤分化越低、临床分期越高、脉管内有癌栓及有淋巴结转移的卵巢癌组织中,survivin和VEGF-C蛋白的阳性率越高。结论:VEGF-C与survivin可能在卵巢癌的发生发展过程中发挥着协调作用,两者联合检测可作为判断卵巢癌恶性程度、侵袭、预后的重要指标。     

CO_2对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3转移因子表达的影响

目的:探讨二氧化碳(CO_2)对卵巢恶性肿瘤细胞转移能力的影响。方法:体外培养人卵巢浆液性乳头状腺癌SKOV3细胞株,分为CO_2组、N_2组和对照组,分别在CO_2及N_2处理后2h,置于常规条件下培养12、24、48h通过RT-PCR和Western Blot检测不同时相血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)的表达。结果:CO_2处理后,SKOV3细胞VEGF-C和MMP9的mRNA和蛋白质表达显著增加(P＜0．05);N_2处理后,SKOV3细胞VEGF-C和MMP9的mRNA和蛋白质表达较对照组增加(P＜0．05)。结论:CO_2促进了SKOV3 VEGF-C和MMP9的表达,对SKOV3的转移能力有增强作用。     

肝细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、基质金属蛋白酶-2在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达及其相关性

目的:探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、胰岛素样生长因子*Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)及基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达及其相关性.方法:分别收集正常卵巢组织20例(正常对照组),卵巢良性上皮性肿瘤组织30例(良性肿瘤组),卵巢上皮性癌组织70例(卵巢癌组).采用免疫组织化学SP法检测3组卵巢组织中HGF、IGF-Ⅰ及MMP-2的表达,分析3个因子与卵巢上皮性癌临床病理因素间的关系,采用Spearman相关性检验分析3个因子间的相关性.结果:①HGF、IGF-Ⅰ和MMP-2在正常对照组、良性肿瘤组、卵巢癌组中的表达呈上升趋势,且组间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②卵巢癌组中,HGF、IGF-Ⅰ及MMP-2的阳性表达在临床分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期和Ⅲ～Ⅳ期及有无淋巴结转移中比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③在卵巢癌组中,HGF、IGF-Ⅰ及MMP-2的阳性表达三者间均呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论:HGF、IGF-Ⅰ及MMP-2在卵巢上皮性癌组织中高表达,可能共同参与卵巢上皮性癌的发生发展,与癌细胞的增殖、浸润和转移有关,且存在协同作用.     

宫颈癌VEGF-C表达和淋巴管、血管生成关系的探讨

目的:检测宫颈癌组织中血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)、受体VEGFR-3和CD34的表达,探讨VEGF-C与癌周淋巴管、血管生成和肿瘤转移的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测55例宫颈癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-3和CD34的表达。结果:55例宫颈癌组织VEGF-C阳性率为69.1%(38/55),VEGFR-3阳性率为61.8%(34/55),二者表达高度一致(P<0.01)。淋巴结转移组中VEGF-C与VEGFR-3阳性表达明显高于无转移组(P<0.05)。低分化组VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达明显高于高、中分化组(P<0.05)。随着临床分期增加,VEGFR-3表达的阳性率增高(P<0.01)。淋巴结转移组中淋巴管密度(LMVD)明显高于无转移组(P<0.01)。VEGF-C表达阳性的组织中血管密度(MVD)明显升高(P<0.05)。VEGF-C和VEGFR-3表达阳性的患者生存率有降低的趋势。结论:宫颈癌中VEGF-C通过受体VEGFR-3促进组织生长、抑制分化,促进肿瘤细胞间质淋巴管和血管生成,是促使宫颈癌发生扩散和转移的重要原因。二者阳性表达可预示预后不良。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-A/VEGF-1 and VEGF-C/VEGF-2) in postmenopausal uterine endometrial carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of two angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors, VEGF-A/VEGF-1 and VEGF-C/VEGF-2, in 228 cases of uterine endometrial carcinomas from postmenopausal patients to evaluate the correlation with histopathologic features and clinical outcome. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess VEGF-A/VEGF-1 and VEGF-C/VEGF-2 expression in 228 primary surgically treated cases of postmenopausal endometrial carcinomas and the results were statistically analyzed in relation to vascular invasion, depth of invasion (myometrial vs serosal-parametrial invasion), lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, disease-free 5-year survival rate (DF5YR), and disease-free 10 year-survival rate (DF10YR). RESULTS: The results of univariate analysis showed that VEGF-A/VEGF-1 and VEGF-C/VEGF-2 expression correlated with vascular invasion (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0006), depth of invasion (P = 0.0004, P = 0.043), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.021, P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0017, P = 0.0008), DF5YR (P = 0.0081, P = 0.0002), and DF10YR (P = 0.0077, P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0017, P = 0.0008), parametrial-serosal invasion (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), and VEGF-C/VEGF-2-positive status (P = 0.03, P = 0.01) were significant factors in DF5YR and DF10YR. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that VEGF-A/VEGF-1 and VEGF-C/VEGF-2 expression was predictive of these histopathologic features of endometrial carcinoma and clinical outcome.     

Increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor C messenger ribonucleic acid in uterine leiomyomata

This study was intended to investigate the possible roles of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) gene family's involvement in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomata. We examined the differential gene expressions of PDGF-A, -B, -C, -D, PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha), and receptor beta (PDGFR-beta) between uterine leiomyomata and the adjacent normal myometrium. Expression of PDGF-C in leiomyomata was significantly higher (approximately 2.4-fold) than in the adjacent normal myometrium, whereas there were no significant differences in the expressions of PDGF-A, -B, -D, PDGFR-alpha, or PDGFR-beta between leiomyomata and the adjacent myometrial tissues.     

环氧合酶-2对宫颈癌淋巴管生成及预后的影响

目的:研究环氧合酶-2(Cox-2)在宫颈癌中的表达并探讨其对淋巴管生成及预后的影响。方法:用免疫组化SP法,分析59例宫颈癌石蜡标本中Cox-2、血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)及其受体VEGFR-3蛋白表达,并对微淋巴管密度行定量分析。结果:Cox-2蛋白在86.4%(51/59)的病例中呈阳性表达,与VEGF-C表达[66.1%(39/59)]呈显著正相关(r=0.424,P<0.001),且与淋巴结转移、术后生存期缩短有关;在Cox-2表达阳性组淋巴管密度明显高于阴性组(P=0.013)。结论:在宫颈癌中Cox-2可能上调VEGF-C表达,通过促进淋巴管生成与淋巴结转移有关。检测Cox-2可作为预测宫颈癌患者预后的一项指标。     

子痫前期患者胎盘组织中血小板源性生长因子A的表达及意义

目的 探讨子痫前期患者胎盘组织中血小板源性生长因子A(PDGF-A)的表达变化及其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接(SP)法,检测38例子痫前期患者(子痫前期组,其中轻度子痫前期18例、重度子痫前期20例)及22例正常妊娠晚期妇女(正常妊娠组)胎盘组织中PDGF-A的表达.结果 (1)PDGF-A的表达部位:PDGF-A主要在胎盘滋养细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞的胞膜及胞质中表达.(2)胎盘滋养细胞PDGF-A的表达:子痫前期组胎盘滋养细胞PDGF-A的阳性表达率为63%(24/38),正常妊娠组为32%(7/22),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)毛细血管内皮细胞PDGF-A的表达:子痫前期组毛细血管内皮细胞PDGF-A的阳性表达率为68%(26/38),正常妊娠组为27%(6/22),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(4)不同程度子痫前期患者PDGF-A的表达:轻度子痫前期患者胎盘滋养细胞PDGF-A的阳性表达率为39%(7/18),重度子痫前期患者胎盘滋养细胞PDGF-A的阳性率为85%(17/20),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 子痫前期患者胎盘滋养细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞PDGF-A的高表达,可能与子痫前期发生、发展有关.     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) as a specific biomarker for advanced cervical cancer: Relationship to insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), IGF binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) and VEGF-A [corrected

OBJECTIVES: An early non-invasive diagnosis of cervical cancer and its metastasis can save lives. We have shown that serum IGF-II levels can be effectively used for a specific early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Here, we shall determine if serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factors B and C (VEGF-A [corrected] VEGF-C) associated with vasculogenic and lymphogenic metastasis may be used for an early diagnosis of advanced metastatic cervical cancer and compare these levels with those of the serum IGF-II and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3). MATERIAL AND METHODS: (a) Serum levels of IGF-II, IGF-BP3, VEGF-A [corrected] (VEGF(165)) and VEGF-C (ELISA kits) were determined in: 82 controls with normal Pap smears; 29 women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and normal cervical biopsy; 46 ASCUS and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on biopsy; 8 pre-therapy CIN-I; 23 successfully treated CIN-I; 75 persistent CIN-I; 14 CIN-II/III pre-therapy; 14 successfully treated CIN-II/III; 70 persistent CIN-II/III; 86 pre-therapy cervical cancer; 26 in early grades of cervical cancer; 21 in late grades of cervical cancer; 22 cervical cancer patients in remission; 50 persistent cervical cancer; 18 with ovarian cancer; and 57 with endometrial cancer. (b) Serial serum samples collected over 5 years in 5 women with progressing cervical cancer were also tested. (c) Serum and tissue VEGF-C were enumerated in 20 matched serum (ELISA) and tissue (semi-quantitative immunofluorescent antibody assay) samples from controls, early cervical cancer, late cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer patients. Student's t test, chi-square analysis and linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: (a) As anticipated, serum IGF-II levels were elevated as early as ASCUS with CIN on biopsy and continued to be elevated in CIN (all grades; pre-therapy and persistent) and cervical cancer (pre-therapy, early, late and persistent). Serum IGF-II levels were normal in ASCUS with normal biopsy, successfully treated CIN-I, II/III, cervical cancer as well as pre-therapy ovarian and endometrial cancers (therapy efficacy: P < 0.0001 by chi-square analysis). Serum IGF-BP3 showed a significant decrease with advancing disease. Serum VEGF-A [corrected] levels were the highest in pre-therapy, early, advanced and persistent cervical cancer, as well as in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Serum VEGF-C levels, on the other hand, were the highest in late and persistent cervical cancers, but not in ovarian or endometrial cancers. (b) In the 5 women with serial samples, the serum levels of the growth factors showed similar trends. (c) VEGF-C levels in serum and tissue were elevated in cervical cancers especially in advanced grades, while they were normal in serum and tissue from the controls and women with ovarian and endometrial cancers. There was a highly significant positive correlation between VEGF-C and IGF-II and a negative correlation between IGF-BP3 and VEGF-C (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-II up-regulation is specific to cervical cancer and helps in the early diagnosis of malignant proliferation, while serum VEGF-C up-regulation appears to be a unique marker for an early diagnosis of cervical cancer metastasis. VEGF-C and IGF-II systems appear to be interrelated in cervical cancer, contributing to the early malignant cell proliferation and lympho-vascular metastasis. Serum IGF-BP3 and VEGF-A [corrected] appear to be common markers for all gynecological cancers.