医生工作倦怠与工作满意度和稳定性的关系研究

目的探讨医生工作倦怠与工作满意度和工作稳定性之间的关系,为卫生管理部门对医生工作倦怠进行有效的预防和干预提供依据。方珐对3省9市公立医院医生采用分层随机抽样的方法进行问卷调查,并运用SPSSI1．5统计软件包进行资料的整理与分析。结果在所调查的4260名医生中,72．3％的医生存在一定程度的工作倦怠现象,其中21．5％处于高工作倦怠水平：医生工作倦怠与医生工作满意度之间存在显著负相关关系,医生工作倦怠与离职意愿之间存在显著正相关关系。结论我国公立医院医生是工作倦怠的高危人群;医生工作倦怠会导致工作满意度降低,并能导致较高的离职行为和离职倾向。     

教师职业自我概念与中学教师职业倦怠的关系

目的探讨教师职业自我概念与中学教师职业倦怠的的关系,以提供缓解职业倦怠的方法。方法对广东省520名中学教师进行职业倦怠的问卷调查,然后对数据进行统计分析。结果教师职业自我概念对职业倦怠的情感衰竭和去人格化维度有调节作用,而失效感维度上,不存在调节作用。结论可以通过提高教师职业自我概念以有效地缓解中学教师的职业倦怠程度。     

绵阳市涪城区乡村卫生人员工作压力、工作倦怠与工作满意度调查

目的了解绵阳市涪城区基层卫生人员工作压力、工作倦怠和工作满意度状况,为相关部门制定和完善有关政策提供参考依据。方法采用文献研究与问卷调查相结合的方式进行了调查。结果调查对象中,95.9%的卫生人员都感到有不同程度的工作压力;有明显的工作倦怠感的占相当比例（83.8%）;工作满意度调查中有超过半数（58.1%）的卫生人员为＂基本满意＂。工作压力、工作倦怠和工作满意度三者之间存在一定关联。结论卫生人员的工作压力需要一定缓解;卫生人员的工作倦怠需要有效干预;卫生人员的工作满意度有待进一步提高。     

制鞋工人职业应激与工作疲竭感的关系

[目的]探讨制鞋工人职业应激与工作疲竭感的关系。[方法]以制鞋业农民工为研究对象,使用职业应激调查问卷、工作疲竭感问卷进行调查,采用Spearman等级相关分析和多元逐步回归法进行分析。[结果]女性情感耗竭和人格解体评分高于男性;低工龄组情感耗竭、人格解体和工作疲竭感评分高于高工龄组;未婚组情感耗竭、个人成就感和工作疲竭感评分高于其他组。职业紧张各因素与工作疲竭感的相关性分析显示,情感耗竭、个人成就感、工作疲竭感与技能、主管支持、同事支持呈负相关;工作疲竭感与决策权呈负相关;人格解体与主管支持呈负相关;情感耗竭、人格解体、工作疲竭感与工作心理需求、外在付出、内在投入呈正相关;个人疲竭感与回报呈负相关。工作疲竭感逐步回归分析显示,贡献因素为付出与回报比、内在投入;负面影响因素为工作自主和社会支持。[结论]职业应激对工作疲竭感具有一定影响,社会应关注农民工生存状况,提高其生活质量,减轻职业应激所导致的工作疲竭感。     

职业紧张对不同职业人群抑郁症状的影响

[目的]探讨职业紧张对不同职业人群抑郁症状的影响。[方法]采用横断面研究方法,调查上海市某区职业人群2458名,年龄为20～63岁。工作紧张评估采用中文工作内容问卷（C-JCQ）-9中文工作付出一回报（C．ERI）问卷,同时调查社会人7／特征与个体生活行为因素,抑郁症状使用流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES．D）。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析社会人口特征与职业紧张因素对抑郁症状的影响。[结果]抑郁评估均分为（16．1±7．2）分,抑郁症状阳性率为44．0％。社会人口与行为特征因素中,职务、受教育程度、工作时间、吸烟与抑郁症状有统计学关联。职业紧张评估变量中,高工作紧张、低工作控制、低社会支持、高工作付出一回报不平衡、高内在驱动是抑郁症状的危险因素。[结论]社会人口特征与职业紧张因素均可能增加职业人群抑郁症状的风险。     

Is job strain associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Objectives:Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between work-related stress and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but it remains unclear on whether work-related stress could increase the risk of T2DM. We aimed to evaluate the association between job strain and the risk of T2DM.Methods:We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to April 2019. Summary risk estimates were calculated by random-effect models. And the analysis was also conducted stratifying by gender, study location, smoking, drinking, body mass index, physical activity, family history of T2DM, education and T2DM ascertainment. Studies with binary job strain and quadrants based on the job strain model were analyzed separately.Results:A total of nine studies with 210 939 participants free of T2DM were included in this analysis. High job strain (high job demands and low control) was associated with the overall risk of T2DM compared with no job strain (all other combinations) [relative risk (RR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.31], and the association was more evident in women (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.02–2.14). A statistically significant association was also observed when using high strain as a category (job strain quadrants) rather than binary variable (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.55) in women but not men.Conclusions:Our study suggests that job strain is an important risk factor for T2DM, especially among women. Appropriate preventive interventions in populations with high job strain would contribute to a reduction in T2DM risk.     

医务人员工作倦怠--一个不容忽视的问题

介绍工作倦怠的基本概念,以及医务人员工作倦怠的现状,简要分析倦怠产生的原因和倦怠对医疗服务的不良影响,最后提出几点干预措施来预防和控制工作倦怠,以提高医务人员的个人健康和医疗服务质量.     

成都市某三甲医院护士工作满意度与护理环境和工作压力的中介效应

目的探讨护士工作满意度、护理环境和工作压力的相关性及其作用机制,为提高护士工作满意度提供有效的依据。方法采用整群抽样,抽取成都市某三甲医院的144名护士于2017-04进行问卷调查,内容包括基本情况调查表、明尼苏达满意度短式量表、护士工作压力源量表、护理工作环境量表。采用Spearman相关性探讨变量间的关系,中介效应分析采用Bootstrap法和结构方程模型。检验水准α=0.05。结果护士工作满意度得分(3.11±0.81)分,护龄、工作性质、科室(P<0.05)对护士工作满意度有影响。相关分析显示,护士工作满意度与工作压力呈负相关(r=-0.599,P<0.01)、与护理环境(r=0.747,P<0.01)呈正相关,工作压力与护理环境呈负相关(r=-0.581,P<0.01);Bootstrap中介效应分析显示工作压力在护理环境与护士工作满意度间起到了部分中介作用(LLCI=0.1436,ULCI=0.4873),结构方程模型显示护理环境以工作压力为中介变量对工作满意度间接预测的路径系数为0.20,占总效应的24.69%。结论护士工作满意度处于中等水平,护理环境可直接影响护士工作满意度,也可通过工作压力间接影响工作满意度。医院管理者可通过构建良好护理环境,减低护士工作压力,从而提高护士工作满意度。     

Organizational socialization of employees with disabilities: Critical issues and implications for workplace interventions

Organizational socialization is the process whereby newcomers to work organizations become insiders. The socialization process has been linked to various outcomes including newcomer job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job knowledge and performance, promotion and advancement rate, salary, and turnover. The purpose of the present paper is threefold: (1) to examine issues facing persons with disabilities during organizational socialization in order to help guide future research on this topic; (2) to provide an awareness of potential aditional barriers (unrealistic newcomer expectations, interaction avoidance, norm to be kind, low work group expectations) that face newcomers with disabilities as they begin jobs; and (3) to suggest some possible policies, programs, and interventions that might help persons with disabilities to overcome those barriers.     

上海市杨浦区某社区卫生服务中心职工工作满意度及离职意愿调查

目的了解社区卫生服务中心的职工流动性和工作满意度的现状,以便更有效地提高社区卫生的管理水平。方法采用自填式的工作满意度问卷调查,对数据进行统计描述和Logistic回归分析。结果社区卫生服务中心职工工作满意度属于"一般"水平,婚姻、年龄、学历、工作年限、目前职位和人事关系因素对部分的工作满意度维度有影响;工作满意度与离职意愿呈负相关。结论需重视社区卫生服务中心职工工作满意度测量,针对重点人群对于工作满意度较低的维度进行干预,从而进一步提高职工满意度。     

医务人员职业倦怠对工作满意度及离职倾向的影响

目的探讨公立医院医务人员职业倦怠对工作满意度及离职倾向的影响。方法采用问卷调查法进行数据收集,采用多元线性阶层回归分析进行数据分析。结果情绪衰竭（β=-0.292,P〈0.01）和情感疏远（β=-0.300,P〈0.01）能显著降低医务人员的工作满意度,情绪衰竭（β=0.247,P〈0.01）和情感疏远（β=0.173,P〈0.01）显著增加了医务人员的离职倾向,成就感低落可以预测医务人员的工作满意度（β=0.175,P〈0.01）。结论职业倦怠显著降低医务人员工作满意度水平并增加了他们的离职倾向。     

护理人员职业倦怠与组织承诺、工作满意度的关系研究

目的研究职业倦怠与组织承诺、工作满意度的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取黑龙江省3家三级甲等公立医院660护理人员进行职业倦怠、组织承诺、工作满意度问卷调查。结果 (1)护理人员组织承诺、工作满意度和职业倦怠的平均分依次为(3.87±0.62)分、(3.24±0.71)分、(3.12±0.58)分,(2)工作满意度、组织承诺与职业倦怠分别为低度负相关关系,(3)福利待遇、规范承诺、排班、年龄、专业发展机会、婚姻状况、学历、家庭和工作平衡对职业倦怠的联合解释量为19.9%。结论护理人员组织承诺好工作满意度处于较高水平,职业倦怠比较严重,组织承诺、工作满意度对护理人员职业倦怠有负向预测作用。     

A follow-up study of job strain and heart disease among males in the NHANES1 population

Several studies have associated heart disease with job strain, defined as low job control and high job demands. We have studied incident heart disease (519 cases) and job strain among 3,575 males in NHANES1 survey who were currently employed at baseline in the early 1970s, and followed through 1987. Scores for job control and job demands were assigned to each subject based on current occupation at baseline. Controlling for conventional risk factors, we found no excess risk for those with the highest strain (lowest control and highest demands, rate ratio 1.08). Those with highest job control did have significantly decreased risk (rate ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.93). In blue-collar workers (58% of subjects) there was a significant inverse trend in risk with increasing job demands. Control for level of physical activity did not change this finding. A combination of high control and demand was protective among blue-collar workers (odds ratio 0.69, 0.48–0.99). Our findings suggest that class-specific analyses are needed in studying job stress, and that “active” blue–collar workers with high control and high demand are protected against heart disease. The “job demand” variable may measure whether work is challenging rather than fast-paced. Our findings are limited by the use of assigned job scores based on job title. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:256–259, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Job control,job demands,or social class? The impact of working conditions on the relation between social class and health

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate (1) how much of the association between health and social class is accounted by psychosocial working conditions, and (2) whether health is related to working conditions after controlling for social class. METHODS: The data derive from the surveys of the Helsinki health study, collected in 2000, 2001, and 2002 from 40-60 year old employees working for the City of Helsinki (n=8970, response rate 67%). The study measured occupation based social class and Karasek's demand-control model. The health outcomes were self rated health as less than good and limiting longstanding illness. Age adjusted prevalence percentages and fitted logistic regression models were calculated. RESULTS: The individual effects of social class and psychosocial working conditions on self rated health and limiting longstanding illness were strong among both men and women. The relation between social class and both health outcomes considerably attenuated when job control was controlled for, but was reinforced when controlling for job demands. Controlling for both job control and job demands attenuated the relation between social class and self rated health and limiting longstanding illness among women, however, was reinforced among men. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial part of the relation between social class and health could be attributed to job control, however, job demands reinforced the relation. Although the effect of social class is mediated by psychosocial working conditions, both social class and working conditions were related to health after mutual adjustments.     

工作嵌入、组织承诺对儿科医务人员工作绩效影响的路径分析

目的:探讨儿科医务人员工作嵌入、组织承诺与工作绩效的关系,为医院管理者提高儿科医务人员的工作绩效提供参考。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,对某市三级甲等儿童医院194名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果:儿科医务人员的工作绩效得分为(141.38±13.77)分,路径分析结果显示组织承诺对工作绩效有直接正向影响,工作嵌入对工作绩效既有直接又有间接正向影响。结论:医院管理者应“以人为本”,给予儿科医务人员充分的组织支持,使儿科医务人员保持稳定且较高的工作绩效水平。     

武汉市三甲医院护士抑郁症状及其与职业紧张的关系

[目的]探讨武汉市三甲综合医院护士抑郁症状的检出率及其与职业紧张的关系。[方法]随机抽取武汉市3家三甲综合医院384名护士自填完成一般情况问卷、工作内容问卷和中文版Zung氏抑郁自评量表。[结果]样本自评抑郁症状的检出率（95%可信区间）为54.7%（49.7%,59.7%）。轮班制岗位类别、合同制聘用、工作要求高、自主程度低和社会支持低是护士抑郁的危险因素,其比值比（OR）分别为1.44、2.53、3.39、2.78和2.23（P〈0.05）。[结论]不良的职业、社会、经济因素和职业紧张可能增加护士抑郁症状的发生风险。