高敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸与高血压颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）的相关性。方法选择初发未经降压治疗的EH患者128例作为高血压组,检测血压、身高、体重、体质量指数（BMI）及生化指标,采用胶乳免疫比浊定量法测hs—CRP,循环酶法测Hcy水平。按照中国高血压防治指南标准将EH患者分为高血压1级组（43例）、高血压2级组（46例）和高血压3级组（39例）,并对EH患者依据颈动脉超声结果将其分为无病变组（48例）、内膜增厚组（42例）和斑块组（38例）三个亚组。以40名健康人作为正常对照组。结果高血压组hs—CRP、Hcy水平均显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高血压患者不同血压级别组间hs—CRP、Hcy水平比较,hs—CRP水平在各组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而Hey水平在各组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;高血压合并不同程度颈动脉硬化组间hs—CRP、Hey水平比较,hs—CRP、Hcy水平斑块组和内膜增厚组高于无病变组,斑块组又明显高于内膜增厚组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。进一步相关分析显示,IMT除与年龄、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、LDL呈正相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）外,同时与hs—CRP、Hcy呈正相关（r=0．610和r=0．571,P〈0．01）。结论ha—CRP、Hey与EH患者颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的发生发展有关,提示早期干预炎症反应及高Hcy血症可延缓动脉粥样硬化的进程。     

原发性高血压及其危险因素与C反应蛋白的关系

该文探讨C反应蛋白（CRP）与原发性高血压（EH）及其危险因素之间的关系。方法：选择EH患者62例和健康的对照者69例，测定并比较血清CRP水平[以高敏CRP（hsCRP）衡量]，并分析与其危险因素的关系。结果：EH患者血清CRP水平与对照组之间的差异无统计学意义：年龄≤49、50～59、≥60岁组，CRP水平分别为（0．16±1．20）、（0．01±1．08）、（0．82±1．19）mg／L，≥60岁组与另2组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；     

炎性因子在原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚中的作用及阿托伐他汀钙的干预作用

目的研究炎性因子在原发性高血压（EH）患者左心室肥厚（LVH）中的作用及阿托伐他汀钙的干预作用。方法选取2012年1月-2013年4月我院收治的EH患者96例,据其是否存在LVH将患者分为无LVH组46例（EH组）和伴LVH组50例（EH—LVH组）。并将EH—LVH组随机分为A、B亚组,各25例。另选取同期我院体检健康者50例作为对照组。测定所有受试者白介素6（IL-6）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）和左心室质量指数（LVMI）。另外,A亚组给予阿托伐他汀钙和苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗,B亚组给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗,比较治疗前后两组患者IL-6、hs—CRP和LVMI的变化。结果EH组IL-6、hs—CRP水平高于对照组,EH—LVH组IL-6、hs—CRP水平高于EH组（P〈0．01）。EH—LVH组LVMI高于EH组（P〈0．01）。治疗前两亚组IL-6、hs—CRP、LVMI比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗后A亚组IL-6、hs—CRP、LVMI均低于B亚组（P〈0．01）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,EH患者血清IL-6、hs—CRP与LVMI呈正相关（r值分别为0．545、0．493,P〈0．01）。结论EH所致LVH与血清IL-6、hs—CRP水平有明显相关性,阿托伐他汀钙可通过抑制炎性因子逆转LVH,与苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联用效果显著。     

心脏X综合征患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的：探讨心脏X综合征（ CSX）患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（ GGT）水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（ CMIT）的关系。方法选择CSX患者83例（ CSX组）、冠心病患者67例（ CAD组）和健康体检者40例（对照组）,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测各组CMIT,采用全自动生化分析仪检测各组血清GGT、CRP、血糖和其他生化指标。采用Pearson相关分析血清GGT水平与CIMT的相关性。结果 CSX组、CAD组CMIT及血清GGT、CRP水平均高于对照组（P均＜0．01）,但CSX组与CAD组比较差异无统计学意义。相关分析发现,CSX组血清GGT水平与CIMT呈正相关（r＝0．681,P＜0．01）,与血清CRP水平无关。结论 CSX患者血清中GGT水平较正常健康者明显升高,与CAD患者趋于一致;其CIMT与血清GGT水平呈正相关关系。     

高敏C反应蛋白与高血压左室肥厚及颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨高敏c反应蛋白（hs—CRP）与高血压左室肥厚（LVH）及颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法将入选的187例未经治疗的1～2级原发性高血压（EH）患者分为颈动脉正常组、颈总动脉IMT增厚组和颈动脉斑块组。采用胶乳免疫增强比浊法测定血清hs—CRP,行颈动脉超声检查测量颈总动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）,观察有无颈动脉斑块形成,从而判断有无颈动脉粥样硬化,分析血清hs—CRP与颈动脉粥样硬化、颈总动脉IMT、颈动脉斑块形成之间的关系。同时行心脏超声检查,根据左室质量指数（LVMI）将高血压患者分为LYH组与无LYH组。结果①颈动脉斑块组和颈动脉正常组血清hs—CRP分别为（6．34±1．35）mg／L和（2．34±0．53）mg／L,LVMl分别为（138．6±16．8）g／m。和（105．5±8．5）g／m2,颈动脉斑块组血清hs—CRP、LVMI均显著高于颈动脉正常组（P〈0．05）。②LVH组和NLVH组血清hs—CRP分别为（6．42±3．53）mg／L和（2．75±1．08）mg／L,IMT水平分别为（2．89±0．46）mm和（0．72±0．23）mm,LVH组血清hs—CRP、IMT均高于NLVH组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。相关分析表明,hs—CRP与LVMI及IMT均呈直线正相关（r=0．58,P〈0．05;r=0．53,P〈O．05）。结论血清hs—CRP与LVMI、IMT均密切相关,表明hs—CRP参与了高血压的发生发展,并且可能在高血压心血管重构过程中起到了至关重要的作用。     

老年代谢综合征颈动脉粥样硬化特征的研究

目的通过测量颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）及斑块来探讨代谢综合征与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法147例门诊及住院的老年病人分为代谢综合征组（MS，52例），高血压病组（EH，54例），糖尿病组（DM，41例）以及正常对照组（30例）。应用彩色多普勒超声技术检测各组人群颈动脉IMT、斑块总积分，粥样斑块发生率。全部入选人员检测血脂、空腹血糖及测量血压、体重指数（BMI）、腰围等。比较四组患者颈动脉超声检测结果及血脂、血糖等变化。结果MS组与EH组、DM组比较：颈总动脉IMT明显增厚[（1．12±0．03）mm比（0．99±0．07）mm，（1．12±0．03）mm比（0．87±0．05）mm；分别P〈0．05，P〈0．01]；斑块总积分明显增高（3．57±0．03比2．42±0．03，3．57±0．03比2．43±0．03，均P〈0．01）；MS组颈动脉粥样斑块发生率（61．5％）明显高于EH组（33．3％）、DM组（12．2％），均P〈0．01，有极显著性差异。血脂中MS组甘油三酯明显高于EH组和DM组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显高于EH组（P〈0．05），总胆固醇明显高于EH组和DM组。结论MS颈动脉粥样硬化程度较单纯高血压病和糖尿病颈动脉病变更严重，代谢综合征可加速动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉硬化与C-反应蛋白、血尿酸和补体的相关性

目的比较老年高血压患者血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）、血尿酸（UA）水平、补体C3与血压及颈动脉硬化程度的相关性。方法将132例老年高血压患者按血压值的不同分为3组，比较各组间CRP、UA与血压的相关性，对各组患者分别检测血生化指标：血清CRP、UA、补体C3，B超观察颈动脉内膜变化，按B超结果将患者分为内膜正常组、内膜增厚组、斑块形成组和管腔狭窄组，各组间CRP、UA、C3水平。结果高血压3级患者CRP、UA显著高于高血压1级、2级患者，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组高血压患者CRP、UA值各组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。颈动脉内膜异常组CRP、UA、补体C，值明显高于内膜正常组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。随着颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）的增加，UA、CRP的浓度亦逐渐增高；颈动脉内膜异常组各组间比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论老年高血压患者颈动脉硬化程度与血压、UA、CRP和补体C3浓度密切相关。老年高血压患者血压、CRP、UA浓度与IMT呈正相关关系（P〈0．01）。     

不同类型首发脑梗死与血浆CRP、IL-6关系的研究

选择脑梗死组患者114例,对照组70例。根据脑梗死病变大小,脑梗死组包括大血管病变组和微小血管病变组;根据颈动脉超声结果,脑梗死组分为伴有颈动脉斑块组和不伴有颈动脉斑块组。两组患者均行血清c反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素6（IL-6）、颈动脉超声检查。发现脑梗死组血浆CRP、IL-6均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。大血管病变组及脑梗死伴有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组CRP明显高于微小血管病变组及无斑块组（P〈0．05）;组间IL-6比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。认为脑梗死与血浆CRP、IL-6水平升高有关;大血管病变及伴有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的脑梗死患者血浆CRP水平显著升高。     

炎性细胞因子与急性冠状动脉综合征的关系

目的探讨炎性细胞因子白细胞介素18（IL-18）和C-反应蛋白（CRP）与急性冠状动脉综合征的相关关系。方法检测40例急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者，40例稳定性冠心病（SCHD）患者和40例健康对照者血清IL-18和CRP浓度，比较不同组间IL-18和CRP含量。结果ACS组血清IL-18和CRP浓度均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），ACS组血清IL-18和CRP浓度与SCHD组比较亦差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论炎性细胞因子IL-18和CRP与急性冠状动脉综合征的病变程度密切相关，是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志。     

维持性血液透析患者颈动脉硬化与左心室肥厚的相关分析

目的：研究维持性血液透析（MHD）患者颈动脉硬化程度与左心室肥厚的关系。方法：收集48例MHD患者性别，年龄，体重，身高，BMI及病程等一般临床资料；静脉血查血红蛋白（Hb），尿素氮，肌酐，白蛋白，前白蛋白，总胆固醇，三酰甘油（TG），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C），C反应蛋白（CRP），彩色B型超声仪观测双侧颈总动脉、颈动脉分叉处及颈内动脉的解剖及血流动力学，包括斑块，血管内皮厚度（即内膜-中膜厚度，IMT）等，并用超声心动图测定患者心脏的左心室内径、左心房内径、左心室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、室间隔厚度、左心室射血分数等。结果：48例患者中有28例（58％）颈动脉斑块阳性，颈动脉斑块阳性组患者年龄大于颈动脉斑块阴性组（P〈0．01），TC（P〈0．01）、LDL-C（P〈0．05）、CRP（P=0．01）、颈动脉内．中膜厚度（CCA-IMT）（P〈0．01）及左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）（P〈0．001）明显高于颈动脉斑块阴性组。性别分布、透析时间、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、TG、及Hb两组间无明显差异。48例患者中有37例（77％）有左室肥厚，左室肥厚组患者收缩压、舒张压及脉压明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．01）；左室肥厚组高血压的发生率及LVMI明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．001），CCA-IMT明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．05），颈动脉斑块发生率明显高于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．01），而Hb则明显低于无左室肥厚组（P〈0．01）。两组之间在性别年龄分布、透析时间、CRP则无明显差别。相关性分析显示，LVMI与收缩压和脉压高度相关（P〈0．001），与舒张压和CCA-IMT中度相关（P〈0．01），与Hb呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：MHD患者颈动脉硬化与左室肥厚关系密切，动脉硬化的治疗有可能预防和逆转MHD患者的左室肥厚。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.