探讨异尖线虫并发病机制及临床治疗方案

异尖线虫(anisakis)是一类成虫寄生于海栖哺乳动物如鲸、海豚、海豹等的胃部,幼虫寄生于某些海栖鱼类的线虫.它属于蛔目异尖科.可引起人体异尖线虫病(anisakiasis)的虫种主要有5属:即异尖线虫属、海豹线虫属、钻线虫属、对盲囊线虫属和鲔蛔线虫属.我国报道的主要是异尖线虫属和鲔蛔线虫属的虫种.     

消化道铁线虫感染2例报告

铁线虫（Gordiacea von siebold）又名发形蛇（hairsnake）,为铁线虫纲（Gordicea）蠕虫的总称。此纲有两科,Gordea科与Chordodea科。人体感染的病例多属Chordodidae科,已达20多种。     

重庆市武隆县人体土源性线虫感染调查结果分析

目的分析武隆县人群土源性线虫感染分布现状,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法采用改良加藤氏法检查肠道蠕虫卵和用肛拭法查12岁以下儿童蛲虫卵,并对检查结果统计分析。结果共调查1487人,查出蛔虫、钩虫2种肠道线虫,感染总人数93人,总感染率为6.25%。其中蛔虫、钩虫感染率分别为4.57%、1.68%。与1990年调查结果相比,总感染率和蛔虫、钩虫感染率分别下降为92.92%、94.08%和95.15%。结论我县土源性线虫感染属国家Ⅱ类流行区,仍需开展重点人群肠道线虫综合防治。     

惠州市人体寄生虫分布调查研究

本文对惠州市梁化镇进行人体寄生虫分布调查。共检查1011人，其中520人阳性，感染率为51．43％。查出寄生虫30种，包括线虫11种、棘头虫1种、吸虫5种、绦虫1种、原虫127种。其中念珠棘头虫、比翼线虫和巨片形吸虫属省内首次报道。寄生虫分布及流行因素分析表明，寄生虫感染与年龄、性别、职业、生活环境、生活习惯、生产方式、经济状况、卫生条件等自然、社会因素有一定关系，并对防治工作提出了建议。     

Caucher病巨脾切除术患者实施的整体护理

Caucher病属常染色体隐生患遗传病,是由于β-葡萄塘苷脂酶活力降低而引起类脂质代谢紊乱,导致葡萄培苷脂在肝、脾、淋巴结及骨髓等单核巨噬细胞系统内大量蓄积。本病多见于犹太人,在我国少见。分为婴儿型、幼年型和成人型,可引起神经系统、骨髓系统及肝、脾、淋巴结肿大等症状,尤以发生脾、肝肿大及脾功亢进最为多见。本例患者属成人型,以罕见巨脾     

线虫幼虫移行机制研究

幼虫移行是多数医学线虫生活史过程的必经阶段,也是线虫致病的重要阶段。不同种类的线虫幼虫在移行过程中有其恒定的路线,或者具有趋向性。这种趋向性移行与线虫的头感器、酶、趋化因子、分子、遗传与免疫等因素相关。本文从上述方面对线虫的移行机制研究进行综述。     

Ⅰ级封闭群ICR小白鼠肠道内寄生虫寄生关系探讨

目的了解小白鼠体内寄生虫感染情况以及寄生关系。方法采用解剖法取小白鼠肠道内容物于光镜下检测。结果共检出肠道寄生虫4种：微小膜壳绦虫、管状线虫、四翼无刺线虫和鼠贾弟鞭毛虫，并且以混合感染为主。结论贾弟鞭毛虫与其它3种寄生虫之间共生；微小膜壳绦虫与管状线虫之间竞争；微小膜壳绦虫与四翼无刺线虫之间竞争；管状线虫与四翼无刺线虫之间共栖。     

广州管圆线虫幼虫死活快速鉴别的实验研究

目的寻找快速鉴别广州管圆线虫死活的染色方法。方法用中性红、台盼蓝和美蓝三种染液对活或死广州管圆线虫幼虫进行染色。结果中性红染液和美蓝染液可以使死亡的广州管圆线虫幼虫染色,活虫不染色且活力不受染色剂影响;台盼蓝染液对广州管圆线虫死、活幼虫均不染色。结论中性红和美蓝染液可快速鉴别广州管圆线虫幼虫的死活。     

寡孢节丛孢属菌对绵羊寄生线虫第3期幼虫的捕食作用研究

本文报道了5株寡孢节丛孢菌在体外对绵羊粪便中混合感染线虫幼虫的捕食效果。结果表明5株寡孢节丛孢菌对线虫幼虫的捕获率分别为72.6%、89.0%、80.0%、84.4%、90.2%,具有较高的捕杀线虫效果。寡孢节丛孢菌对线虫幼虫的作用方式主要是通过在线虫周围形成捕食菌网。     

线虫基因组功能的高通量研究

线虫是研究细胞生物学的一个理想模型,RNA i现象也是最早在线虫中发现的。由于RNA i技术不仅具有高度特异性靶定基因的特点,而且简便、易于操作,从而成为研究基因组功能的高通量方法。很多研究小组已经使用大规模RNA i系统地研究线虫各个基因的功能缺失表型。线虫独特的RNA i方法和以此为基础的基因组大规模分析有利于对线虫的各种生物学过程产生新的认识。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hysterothylacium aduncum</Emphasis>, the only anisakid parasite of sardines (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sardina pilchardus</Emphasis>) from the southern and eastern coasts of Spain

An epidemiological study was carried out on the anisakids in sardines (Sardina pilchardus) from the southern (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and eastern coasts of Spain. Length of fish was from 12.2–21.0 cm. The anisakids found were identified as the third larval stage (L3) of Hysterothylacium aduncum, with a total prevalence of 11.85%. Prevalence within the host was 9.64% in viscera and 4.69 % in muscle. The highest infection parameters were found in fish from the east coast (western Balearic Sea) with prevalence of 25.21%, mean intensity of 2.10, and mean abundance of 0.52. No worms of the genus Anisakis were found in the 359 sardines analyzed.     

Genetic variability in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hysterothylacium aduncum</Emphasis>, a raphidascarid nematode isolated from sprat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sprattus sprattus</Emphasis>) of different geographical areas of the northeastern Atlantic

Species of the genus Hysterothylacium are among the most common marine nematode fish parasites in the northern Atlantic. Due to recent findings of cryptic speciation in other parasitic ascaridoid nematodes, a similar pattern of sibling species was hypothesized also for Hysterothylacium aduncum. By investigating a 886- to 890-bp-long genomic DNA fragment including ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2 of 40 specimens of H. aduncum of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) of four different biogeographical regions (North Sea, English Channel, Bay of Biscay, Adriatic Sea), we could not detect significant genetic variability and therefore cryptic speciation. Nevertheless, while ITS-1 and 5.8S rDNA sequences were identical for all analysed specimens, ITS-2 sequences showed a population-specific pattern with the differentiation of an English Channel/Bay of Biscay group from a North Sea/Mediterranean Sea group.     

Occurrence of Hysterothylacium and Anisakis nematodes (Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) in the tanaka’s snailfish Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke) (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae)

The tanaka’s snailfish Liparis tanakae (Gilbert & Burke) (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) is an economically important marine fish species in China. However, the helminth parasites of this fish are still poorly known. During a helminthological survey of Chinese marine fishes from 2011 to 2012, we revealed that L. tanakae was heavily infected with third-stage larvae and adults of ascaridoid nematodes (total prevalence 100 % and mean intensity 82.3 nematodes per fish). Four species of third-stage larvae Hysterothylacium liparis Li, Xu & Zhang, 2007, H. aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), Hysterothylacium fabri (Rudolphi, 1819), and Anisakis pegreffii (Campana-Rouget & Biocca, 1955) and a single species of adults H. liparis were differentiated and identified by morphological and molecular methods. The detailed morphology of the four species of third-stage larvae was also studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphological and molecular characterization of the third-stage larvae of H. liparis was reported. Liparis tanakae represents a new host record for A. pegreffii and H. fabri. In addition, a new name, Hysterothylacium zhoushanense nom. nov. was also given to Hysterothylacium zhoushanensis Li, Liu & Zhang, 2012 to make the latinized specific epithet agree with this neuter generic name.     

Anisakids and human anisakiasis. 1. Bibliographic data

Currently available data about larvae of Anisakidae (genera Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, Hysterothylacium and Contracaecum) from marine fishes are analysed. Hazard of such parasites for fish-consumers are emphasized.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hysterothylacium amoyense</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycephalous indicus</Emphasis>: a Persian Gulf fish and its experimental infection of mouse model

Anisakids belong to a genus of parasitic nematodes with a life cycle involving fish and marine mammals. They cause anisakidosis (anisakiasis) by accidental ingestion of larval stage (Anisakis and other Anisakids), causing both gastrointestinal and allergic reaction in human. The aim of the current study was to report the finding of Hysterothylacium amoyense in Platycephalous indicus fishes and also its probable pathologic effect on a mouse model. In this regard, a total of 27 live third stage larvae ranging from 1.5 to 3 mm in length were collected from gut submucosa of the fish Platycephalous indicus [ZAMIN KAN] and washed up by saline 6 %, and two were characterized as Hysterothylacium amoyense by morphologic and molecular techniques. A total of 25 larvae were orally fed to 5 inbred mice (each 5). A total of 5 mice were also selected as control group; they did not receive the larvae. After 2 weeks, all mice were necropsied using ethical protocol of SUMS. Their specimens, both gross and histologic, were observed and described. Tumor-like nodules were observed in 3 out of 5 infected mice group which could be misdiagnosed as cancer. Microscopic examinations showed lymphocytic infiltration. No pathologic changes were found in the control group. The results showed an invasive anisakid, Hysterthylacium amoyense, with histopathologic features observed in the mammal model (mouse). The parasite has been found in benthic fish Platycephalous indicus in the Persian Gulf, Bushehr region, southern Iran. The parasite could be regarded as a possible source of anisakidosis in coastal populations and should be regarded as a public health problem.     

Anisakid parasites of two forkbeards (Phycis blennoides and Phycis phycis) from the eastern Mediterranean coasts in Tunisia

Two gadiform species with a successive bathymetric and an ecological and economical importance in the Mediterranean fishing industry, Phycis blennoides and Phycis phycis, were selected for the present study. A total of 592 fresh specimens belonging to the Gadiformes genus were obtained from local commercial fisheries. The investigation was centred on anisakid parasites of 272 specimens of the greater forkbeard (P. blennoides) and 320 of the forkbeard (P. phycis) captured off the Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Four species of nematodes were identified: Anisakis simplex s.1., Anisakis physeteris, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Hysterothylacium fabri. The total prevalence was 53.75% in the forkbeard and 51.47% in the greater forkbeard. The highest values of prevalence (38.75%, 2–14), mean intensity (6.74±3.4) and mean abundance (2.61) were all obtained for H. fabri L4 in the forkbeard. The most frequent parasite in the greater forkbeard was H. aduncum L3 with 32.35% (1–3) prevalence and values of 1.21±0.58 and 0.39 for mean intensity and mean abundance, respectively. The infestation parameters were also analysed according to the host length, and prevalence was highest in P. blennoides longer than 35 cm in respect of all anisakid species. Whilst in P. phycis, the highest prevalence, conditioned by H. fabri parasitisation, was found in fish with length reaching a maximum of more than 40 cm. When the data were grouped seasonally, clear patterns were observed for P. blennoides and P. phycis species, with prevalence and mean intensity of all the anisakid species peaking in spring and summer.     

Larval anisakids (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the fish market in Granada,Spain

 Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the fish market in Granada, southern Spain, were surveyed for anisakid nematodes. The fish came from fishing ports all over the country. Larval anisakids were found in 39.4% of the fish examined; 26.1% were infected with third-stage larvae (L3s) of Anisakis simplex; 0.3%, with A. physeteris L3s; 31.1%, with Hysterothylacium aduncum L3s; and 1.7%, with fourth-stage larvae (L4s) of Hysterothylacium sp. Horse mackerel from Mediterranean Sea coastal ports (South and Southeast Spain) had the lowest levels of infection, and those from Cantabrian Sea coastal ports (North Spain) had the highest. The variation in infection levels with host size (age) and season of capture are surveyed. Received: 21 July 1995 / Accepted: 16 September 1995     

Larval anisakids (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the fish market in Granada (Spain)

 Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the fish market in Granada, South Spain, were surveyed for anisakid nematodes. The fish came from fishing ports all over the country. Larval anisakids were found in 39.4% of the fish examined. In all, 26.1% were infected with third-stage larvae (L3s) of Anisakis simplex; 0.3%, with A. physeteris L3s; 31.1%, with Hysterothylacium aduncum L3s; and 1.7%, with fourth-stage larvae (L4s) of Hysterothylacium sp. Horse mackerel from Mediterranean Sea coast ports (South and Southeast Spain) had the lowest levels of infection and those from Cantabrian Sea coast ports (North Spain) had the highest levels. Variations in infection levels with host size (age) and season of capture were surveyed. Received: 21 July 1995 / Accepted: 16 September 1995     

Hysterothylacium gibsoni sp. nov. and H. tetrapteri (Bruce et Cannon, 1989) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the Chinese marine fishes

A new species of ascaridoid nematode, Hysterothylacium gibsoni sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the intestine of the slender lizardfish Saurida elongata (Temminck et Schlegel) (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae) in the Yellow Sea, China. The new species differs from its congeners by its small body size (12.8–13.2 mm), the absence of cervical alae, a very short intestinal caecum (representing 8.86–9.52% of oesophageal length) and a long ventricular appendix (intestinal caecum to ventricular appendix ratio 1:15.3–20.0), short spicules (0.38–0.41 mm, representing 2.97–3.11% of body length), the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae (25–28 pairs arranged as follows: 18–22 pairs precloacal, 3 pairs paracloacal, and 3–4 pairs postcloacal). In addition, Hysterothylacium tetrapteri (Bruce et Cannon, 1989) is also redescribed based on the material collected from the striped marlin Kajikia audax (Philippi) (Perciformes: Istiophoridae) in the South China Sea.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hysterothylacium</Emphasis> (Ascaridoidea,Anisakidae) parasitic in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zenopsis conchifer</Emphasis> (Zeiformes,Zeidae) from Argentinean waters

A new species of parasitic nematode, Hysterothylacium spirale sp. nov. (Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae), is described based on specimens collected from the intestine and pyloric caeca of the silvery john dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe) (Zeiformes, Zeidae), from the Argentinean Shelf (35°05′–40°46′S, 53°03′–58°07′W). Among the 66 valid species described so far in the genus, the new species most closely resembles H. zenis (Baylis, 1929). Both species, apparently specific for fishes of the family Zeidae, share the shape of the dorsal lip, the long expanded lateral alae originating from subventral interlabia and the ornamentation of the tail tip, as well as general morphometry. The combination of these shared features distinguishes both species from all congeners so far known. However, the new species is distinguishable from H. zenis by having shorter interlabia, and consequently the lateral alae originating more posteriorly, shorter spicules, a smaller number of postcloacal papillae and the presence of two pairs of double postcloacal papillae.