丙酚与咪唑安定对体外循环期脑氧供需平衡的影响

30例瓣膜置换术病人随机分为对照组 (Ⅰ组 )、异丙酚组 (Ⅱ组 )和咪唑安定组 (Ⅲ组 ) ,观察体外循环(CPB)期颈静脉血氧饱和度 (SjO2 )、动脉、颈内静脉血氧含量差 (Da vO2 )、脑氧摄取率 (CEO2 )的变化。结果表明 :复温时Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组SjO2 显著高于Ⅰ组 ,Da vO2 及CEO2 显著低于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,且复温时SjO2 与CPB前相比差异无显著性。提示异丙酚与咪唑安定均能防止CPB时脑氧供需失衡。     

异丙酚与咪唑安定对体外循环期脑氧供需平衡的影响

;30例瓣膜置换术病人随机分为对照组(Ⅰ组)、异丙酚组(Ⅱ组)和咪唑安定组(Ⅲ组),观察体外循环(CPB)期颈静脉血氧饱和度(SjO2)、动脉、颈内静脉血氧含量差(Da-vO2)、脑氧摄取率(CEO2)的变化.结果表明:复温时Ⅱ,Ⅲ组SjO2显著高于Ⅰ组,Da-vO2及CEO2显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01,P<0.05),且复温时SjO2与CPB前相比差异无显著性.提示异丙酚与咪唑安定均能防止CPB时脑氧供需失衡.     

异丙酚对低温体外循环期间脑氧代谢的影响

①目的　观察不同剂量异丙酚对低温体外循环 (CPB)期间颈内静脉球血氧饱和度 (SjO2 )、脑氧摄取率 (CEO2 )、脑动脉颈内静脉血氧含量差 (Ca jO2 )的影响。②方法　 33例心脏瓣膜置换术病人 ,随机分成 3组 ,Ⅰ组静注异丙酚 5mg·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ;Ⅱ组静注异丙酚 2mg·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ;Ⅲ组 (对照组 )不静注异丙酚。在CPB前 (T1 )、降温至 33℃ (T2 )、低温稳定期 (T3)、复温至 33℃ (T4 )以及CPB结束后 2 0min(T5)测定SjO2 、CEO2 、Ca jO2 。③结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ组T2 ～T5时 ,Ⅲ组T2 、T3时SjO2 明显高于T1 时 (F =6 .2 4～ 1 0 .50 ,q =3 .59～ 7.59,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 、T5时SjO2 明显低于T3时 (q =4.1 4、4 .69,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅱ组T4 时SjO2 明显高于Ⅲ组 (F =4.1 8,q =4.0 8,P <0 .0 5)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组T2 ～T5时 ,Ⅲ组T2 、T3时CEO2 均比T1 时下降 (F =4.1 5～ 8.70 ,q =4.98～8.2 0 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 、T5时CEO2 明显高于T3时 (q=4.30、6 .35 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅱ组T4 时CEO2 明显低于Ⅲ组 (F =4.41 ,q =4.48,P <0 .0 5)。Ⅱ组T2 ～T5时 ,Ⅲ组T2 ～T4 时Ca jO2 均较T1 时明显下降 (F =6 .30～ 1 0 .50 ,q =5 .0 5～ 8.60 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 、T5时Ca jO2 明显高于T3时 (q =4.30、1 3 .70 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 时C     

低温体外循环期间脑氧代谢和数量化脑电图的变化

目的观察低温CPB期间丙泊酚加深麻醉对颈内静脉球血氧饱和度(SjO2)、脑氧摄取率(CEO2)、脑动-颈内静脉血氧含量差(Ca-jO2)及数量化脑电图(Q-EEG)参数(BIS、SEF)的影响。方法30例心脏瓣膜置换术患者,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组(实验,n=15):丙泊酚2～5mg/(kg·h);Ⅱ组(对照,n=15):不静注丙泊酚,其他麻醉用药两组相同。分别在下列CPB前(T1)、降温至33℃(T2)、低温稳定期(T3)、复温至33℃(T4)以及CPB结束后20min(T5)五个时点测定SjO2、CEO2、Ca-jO2、BIS和SEF值。结果两组SjO2在降温期(T2)均升高、CEO2和Ca-jO2降低(P<0.01)。复温时(T4)Ⅰ组的SjO2、CEO2和Ca-jO2较复温前(T3)无显著改变。而对照组(Ⅱ组)SjO2显著降低(P<0.01),CEO2和Ca-jO2显著升高(P<0.01)。与对照组(Ⅱ组)比较Ⅰ组复温期(T4)的SjO2显著升高(P<0.05)、CEO2和Ca-jO2显著降低(P<0.05)。BIS和SEF在CPB中均降低,且随着鼻咽温度(TNP)变化同向改变。CPB前后BIS、SEF无区别。两组间BIS、SEF在各时间点无显著差异。结论丙泊酚可以减轻CPB复温期SjO2下降以及CEO2和Ca-jO2升高,从而减轻脑氧供需失衡。加深麻醉有利于改善复温期脑氧合。在低温体外循环中BIS、SEF能反映CPB中脑氧代谢水平,麻醉深度进一步加重。但其临床应用价值有待于进一步研究证实。     

异丙酚和咪唑安定对心瓣膜置换患者麻醉期血液动力学和氧代谢的影响

目的　比较异丙酚和咪唑安定静脉复合麻醉对心脏瓣膜置换手术患者麻醉期血液动力学和氧代谢的影响。方法　 2 0例瓣膜置换手术患者 ,随机分为异丙酚组 (P组 ,n =10 )和咪唑安定组 (M组 ,n =10 )。分别静注异丙酚 1 5mg·kg-1和咪唑安定 0 15mg·kg-1诱导 ,并以异丙酚 2～ 6mg·kg-1·h-1或咪唑安定 0 1～ 0 2mg·kg-1·h-1维持麻醉 ,两组芬太尼用法相同。局麻下插Swan Ganz导管到肺动脉 ,监测麻醉期间血液动力学和氧代谢的变化。结果　麻醉诱导使两组病人心率 (HR)、心脏指数 (CI)和氧耗指数 (VO2 I)下降 ,平均动脉压 (MAP)分别下降 17 9% (P组 )和 12 0 % (M组 ) ,异丙酚组与咪唑安定组相比 ,心肺转流 (CPB)前、后CI、每搏指数 (SI)、左室每搏功指数 (LVSWI)相对较高。肺毛细管嵌压 (PCWP)和全身血管阻力指数 (SVRI)相对较低。停CPB后 ,异丙酚组氧摄取率 (ERO2 )较低 ,混合静脉血氧饱和度 (SvO2 )较高。结论　异丙酚静脉复合麻醉 ,在转流前、后可降低前、后负荷 ,维持较好的心脏指数并改善氧供需平衡 ,对心脏瓣膜置换患者可能更为有益     

低温体外循环下异丙酚对脑静脉血氧饱和度的影响

低温体外循环(CPB)复温期可出现脑静脉氧合血红蛋白(SjO2)下降低于50%.异丙酚在适当剂量下可使脑电图(EEG)产生暴发性抑制,减少常温下的脑代谢率(CMRO2),可能会防止或改善SjO2的下降.本研究采用开放、随机、前瞻、对照性设计,主要目的是研究低温CPB复温期异丙酚对SjO2的影响,其次是对脑乳酸生产(AVDL)和乳酸一氧指数(LOI)的影响.     

异丙酚对严重颅脑外伤患者脑氧代谢的影响

目的探讨异丙酚对严重颅脑外伤患者围术期脑氧代谢的影响。方法36例重度颅脑损伤拟行开颅手术的病例,随机分为应用观察组(18例)和对照组(18例)。观察组于麻醉诱导后,给予异丙酚4mg/(kg·h)以微泵持续输注。对照组不用异丙酚。分别于术前(T0)、手术1h(T1)及术毕(T2)采集颈内静脉球部血及桡动脉血样行血气分析,计算动脉-颈内静脉球部血氧差(D(a-jv)O2)、脑氧摄取率(ERO2)。结果D(a-jv)O2,ERO2值两组病例在T1和T2时间点均较T0为低,观察组D(a-jv)O2,ERO2值在T1和T2时间点较对照组低。结论严重颅脑外伤患者围术期中应用异丙酚可降低脑氧代谢,增加脑组织对缺血、缺氧的耐受性。     

异丙酚对体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中病人脑氧代谢及术后精神神经功能改变的影响

目的 观察异丙酚对中低温体外循环(CPB)冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中脑氧代谢的影响,分析脑氧代谢与术后脑损伤和精神神经功能改变的关系.方法 择期CPB下行CABG病人80例,随机分为异丙酚组(P组)和异氟烷组(Ⅰ组).两组常规麻醉诱导,麻醉诱导后即刻P组麻醉维持采用靶控输注异丙酚1～2 μg/mL,持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.2～0.4 μg/(kg·min),Ⅰ组麻醉维持采用持续静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.2～0.4 μg/(kg·min)和吸入异氟烷.两组术中间断静脉注射哌库溴铵,Ⅰ组在CPB中间断静脉注射咪唑安定.分别于麻醉前(T1)、麻醉诱导后30 min (T2)、降温结束后5 min (T3)、复温结束后5 min (T4)、CPB结束时(T5)从桡动脉、右颈内静脉球部采血进行血气分析及葡萄糖与乳酸(ADVL)测定,并计算脑血流量/脑氧耗比值(CBF/CMRO2)、脑氧耗/脑糖耗比值(CMRO2/CMRGlu);术后采用标准神经功能和MMSE检查,将病人分为存在精神神经系统并发症(POMD)和无精神神经系统并发症(C)两组,并分别对以上指标进行统计学处理.结果 P组POMD发生率低于Ⅰ组(χ2=13.7,P<0.05), 颈静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)在T4 点Ⅰ组明显低于P组(t=-2.46,P<0.05).T4点C组SjvO2、PjO2高于POMD组(t=2.16、6.07,P<0.01).T4点CBF/CMRO2比值POMD组显著低于C组(t=4.01,P<0.001).T3、T4、T5点 POMD组CMRO2/CMRGlu比值明显低于C组(t=2.56～4.95,P<0.05).T4点POMD组ADVL高于C组(t=3.32,P<0.05).结论 CPB下CABG术后精神神经并发症与CPB期间脑氧代谢失衡有关.异丙酚可以提高中枢氧合状态,减轻术后精神神经功能的改变.     

异氟醚对体外循环中脑氧供需平衡的影响

目的：探讨异氟醚对体外循环期间脑氧代谢的影响。方法：24例在体外循环（CPB）下行瓣膜置换术的患者随机分为对照组和异氟醚组。CPB期间异氟醚组经氧合器吸入0．5％～3％的异氟醚,对照组则不吸入异氟醚,于CPB开始前（T1）,CPB开始降温至32℃（T2）,低温稳定期（T3）,复温至32℃（T4）以及CPB结束后10min（L）共5个时段取右颈内静脉血测定颈内静脉血氧饱和度（SjO2）,测定动脉血气,计算脑氧摄取率（CEO2）。结果：异氟醚组SiO2值T2与T1时点相比差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）,对照组T3时点及异氟醚组T2,T3及T4时点CEO2均比T1时点明显下降（P〈0．05）;T3时段CEO2值异氟醚组与对照组相比差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论：异氟醚能防止CPB氧供需失衡。     

体外循环中持续混合静脉血氧饱和度的监测

目的　观察体外循环 (CPB)中持续混合静脉血氧饱和度 (SvO2 )监测的临床意义及影响因素。方法　 96例心脏直视手术CPB中采用BaxterBentleyOXYSATMeterSM 0 2 0 0连续监测SvO2 的动态变化。分析灌注流量、吸入氧浓度、温度等对SvO2 的影响。结果　CPB期间SvO2 值在复温期较降温和低温期显著性下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;温度下降后明显降低灌注流量 (Q) (P<0 .0 5 ) ,SvO2 稳定在正常范围 ,复温期明显增加灌注流量 ,而SvO2 仍明显低于降温和低温期 ,SvO2 与流量Q显著相关 (r =0 .5 2 6 0、P <0 .0 5 ) ;为维持SvO2 在正常范围 ,使用膜肺病人的氧浓度 (FiO2 )在降温期可明显减低 (P <0 .0 1) ,复温期可明显增加(P <0 .0 1) ,即所需FiO2 与体温呈正相关 (γ =0 .96 38、P <0 .0 5 ) ;SvO2 与MAP无相关性 (rT =0 .1784rMAP =0 .5 0 4 8、P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　SvO2 是衡量CPB中组织氧供需平衡的一个良好的指标 ,连续监测SvO2 的动态变化可作为CPB中管理Q、FiO2 、Hct、复温等的一个重要监测指标     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.