白藜芦醇通过PI3K/Akt通路及线粒体途径抑制软骨肉瘤

 目的：探讨白藜芦醇抑制软骨肉瘤的机制及对线粒体途径和PI3K/Akt通路的影响。方法：SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞培养至对数生长期后设对照组和白藜芦醇处理组,药物处理组用25、50和100 μmol/L白藜芦醇处理24 h、48 h或72 h。采用CCK8法检测SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞的活力,Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞凋亡,Western blotting检测activated caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、Akt和p-Akt蛋白在细胞中表达情况,细胞划痕实验观察细胞迁移情况。结果：白藜芦醇处理后细胞活力下降,呈时间-剂量依赖性（P<0.01）。Hoechst  33258染色检测可见药物处理组有明显的细胞凋亡核象。Western blotting检测显示药物处理组activated caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白和p-Akt蛋白表达下调,总Akt改变不显著。细胞划痕试验显示,白藜芦醇能显著抑制SW1353细胞的迁移。结论：白藜芦醇能够诱导软骨肉瘤凋亡,部分是通过线粒体途径及PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥作用。     

PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-induced heme oxygenase-1 upregulation mediates the adaptive cytoprotection of hydrogen peroxide preconditioning against oxidative injury in PC12 cells

Both the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) create a survival signal against oxidative stress-induced injuries. Although we have demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) preconditioning confers adaptive cytoprotection against oxidative stress-induced injury in PC12 cells, it remains unknown whether these defense systems are involved in the protective effect of H2O2 preconditioning. In the current study, PC12 cells were preconditioned with 100 μM H2O2 for 90 min, followed by 24 h recovery and subsequent exposure to 300 μM H2O2 for further 12 h. The findings showed that preconditioning with 100 μM H2O2 upregulated HO-1 expression. Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a selective inhibitor of HO-1, at a concentration of 15 μM, significantly attenuated H2O2 preconditioning-elicited cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss in PC12 cells. In addition, H2O2 preconditioning enhanced phosphorylation of Akt. Treatment with 25 μM LY294002, a selective inhibitor of PI3K, for 20 min before H2O2 preconditioning blocked not only H2O2 preconditioning-induced HO-1 induction, but also the protective effect of H2O2 preconditioning against cytotoxicity. The present study provides novel evidence for the effect of preconditioning with H2O2 on the induction of HO-1, which contributes to the adaptive cytoprotection of H2O2 preconditioning against oxidative stress-induced cellular injury via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism in PC12 cells.     

Insulin regulates Presenilin 1 localization via PI3K/Akt signaling

Recently, insulin signaling has been highlighted in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the association between insulin signaling and Tau pathology has been investigated in several studies 0065, 0110 and 0115, the interaction between insulin signaling and Presenilin 1 (PS1), a key molecule of amyloid β (Aβ) pathology, has not been elucidated so far. In this study, we demonstrated that insulin inhibited PS1 phosphorylation at serine residues (serine 353, 357) via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal pathway and strengthened the trimeric complex of PS1/N-cadherin/β-catenin, consequently relocalizing PS1 to the cell surface. Since our recent report suggests that PS1/N-cadherin/β-catenin complex regulates Aβ production [28], it is likely that insulin signaling affects Aβ pathology by regulating PS1 localization.     

Resveratrol inhibits the development of obesity-related osteoarthritis via the TLR4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

ABSTRACT

Aim of the study: Obesity leads to mild, chronic inflammation which is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Resveratrol exerts a protective effect on OA through its anti-inflammatory properties, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol alleviates obesity-related OA, and whether it is linked to the TLR4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Materials and methods: C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without resveratrol treatment and knee joints were collected for analysis. In addition, IL-1β-induced SW1353 cells were used to study in vitro the reciprocal effects of TLR4 and PI3K/Akt pathways.

Results: Resveratrol inhibited the development of OA in mice fed a HFD. TLR4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were both activated in the articular cartilage; resveratrol treatment down-regulated TLR4 but up-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling. Further in vitro results showed that the effect of resveratrol alone on activation of PI3K/Akt was attenuated but not abolished by the TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095, and resveratrol failed to reduce TLR4 protein expression in IL-1β stimulated cells pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.

Conclusions: Resveratrol may exert an anti-osteoarthritic effect by inhibiting TLR4 via the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Resveratrol has potential as a drug for OA prevention.     

柚皮素通过PI3K/Akt通路拮抗血小板聚集的体外研究

目的:探讨柚皮素拮抗二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集的作用及机制。方法:采用血小板聚集仪观察不同浓度柚皮素对ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集的影响。采用荧光显微镜观察柚皮素对血小板在固化纤维蛋白原上扩展功能的影响。采用Western blot检测磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)表达及蛋白激酶B(Akt)磷酸化水平。结果:柚皮素能剂量依赖性地抑制ADP诱导的体外血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))值为(132.1±31.7)μmol/L。柚皮素灌胃给药,对ADP诱导的大鼠体内血小板聚集也有明显的抑制作用。柚皮素还能显著抑制血小板在固化纤维蛋白原上的扩展。Western blot结果显示,柚皮素能明显抑制ADP刺激的PI3K表达和Akt磷酸化同时,PI3K广谱抑制剂LY294002能增强柚皮素对Akt磷酸化的抑制作用。结论:柚皮素可能通过抑制血小板PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥抗血小板聚集的作用。     

Apolipoprotein E reduces food intake via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the hypothalamus

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a satiation factor. While central apoE administration reduces food intake, the specific intracellular signaling mechanisms activated by apoE remain largely unknown. Using primary cultured hypothalamic neurons, we demonstrated that apoE treatment (50 nM) elicited rapid activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cascade. Specifically, apoE induced the phosphorylation of Akt, peaking at 30 min, and the increased phosphorylation of Akt was significantly attenuated after pretreatment with LY294002 (50 μM), an inhibitor of the PI3K signaling pathway. To determine whether the activation of PI3K by apoE is required for the ability of apoE to reduce food intake, LY294002 (1 nmol) was infused into the 3rd-cerebral ventricle before injection of an anorectic dose of apoE. Consistent with our previous report, apoE (4 μg) exerted significant reduction of food intake in the 4-h fasted rats, compared with saline. Pretreatment with LY294002 significantly attenuated the potency of exogenous apoE to induce satiation, while the same dose of PI3K inhibitor by itself caused only a slight non-significant decrease of food intake. These results indicate that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is necessary for the acute effects of apoE on food intake.     

IL-38 通过调控PI3K/ Akt/ GSK3β/ NFATc1 信号通路抑制骨质疏松的机制研究

目的:探讨IL-38 抑制骨质疏松的作用并研究其分子机制。方法:共纳入2014 年6 月~2016 年12 月我院收治的138 例骨质疏松患者作为研究对象。另选取120 例同期在我院骨科进行骨折手术的无骨质疏松患者作为对照。采用ELISA 法检测实验对象血清IL-38 水平。构建IL-38-C57BL/6J 转基因小鼠,建立骨质疏松小鼠模型,将野生型、IL-38 转基因小鼠分别设置为假手术组(Sham 组)与卵巢切除组(Ovariectomy,OVX 组)。术后8 周取小鼠血清,检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血钙及血磷水平。另取小鼠的脊柱与双侧股骨,通过病理切片分析股骨组织形态结构,用骨密度仪检测脊柱骨密度变化。将各组小鼠的骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)进行分离并检测其体外增殖能力,Western blot 检测各组BMSCs 的PI3K、Akt、GSK3β与NFATc1 的磷酸化水平。小鼠成骨细胞MC3T3-E1 转染IL-38 后,Western blot 检测PI3K、Akt、GSK3β与NFATc1 磷酸化水平的变化,流式细胞术检测IL-38 对细胞凋亡的影响。结果:骨质疏松组患者的血清IL-38 水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。野生型与IL-38 转基因OVX 小鼠的血钙、血磷水平均显著高于Sham 组(P<0.05),而ALP 水平显著低于Sham 组(P<0.05)。另外,IL-38 转基因OVX 小鼠的血钙和血磷水平均显著低于野生型OVX 小鼠(P<0.05)。股骨病理切片及脊柱骨密度分析显示,野生型与IL-38 转基因OVX 小鼠均出现骨组织形态结构破坏和骨密度下降,并且IL-38 转基因OVX 小鼠的骨组织形态结构破坏和骨密度下降情况均较野生型OVX 小鼠显著减轻(P<0.05)。IL-38 转基因OVX 小鼠BMSCs 的体外增殖能力显著高于野生型OVX 组(P<0.05)。IL-38 转基因OVX 小鼠BMSCs 的PI3K、Akt 与NFATc1 磷酸化水平均显著低于野生型OVX 组(P<0.05),GSK3β磷酸化水平显著高于野生型OVX 组(P<0.05)。MC3T3-E1 细胞转染IL-38 后PI3K、Akt 与NFATc1 的磷酸化水平均显著降低(P<0.05),GSK3β的磷酸化水平显著升高(P<0.05)。流式细胞检测显示转染IL-38 后MC3T3-E1 细胞的凋亡显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:骨质疏松患者的血清IL-38 水平显著降低,IL-38 可能通过调控PI3K/ Akt/ GSK3β/ NFATc1 信号通路促进BMSCs 增殖、抑制成骨细胞凋亡,从而抑制骨质疏松的进展。     

Medroxyprogestogen enhances apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

We sought to assess the effect of progestin on the apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 and via regulation of phosphorylation signaling in.Epithelial ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 was treated with medroxyprogestogen,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and vehicle control.Akt,phospho-Akt,Bcl-2 and phospho-Bad proteins were examined by immunoblotting assays.Medroxyprogestogen-induced apoptosis was assessed by MTT assays and Annexin V apoptosis assay.We found no significant difference in Akt and Bad expression in both the medroxyprogestogen groups and the control group.The levels of phospho-Akt,Bcl-2 and phospho-Bad were decreased in all the medroxyprogestogen groups and significantly decreased in the high dose mitogen-activated protein (MAP) group (10 μmol/L).Viability of SKOV-3 was reduced and apparent apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells was observed with increased doses of MAP.The findings suggest that medroxyprogestogen can induce SKOV-3 cell apoptosis by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation.     

CNTN-1 promotes docetaxel resistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in prostate cancer

IntroductionTherapy options for prostate cancer (PCa) typically are centered on docetaxel-based chemotherapy but are limited by the effects of multi-drug resistance. Recent advances have illustrated a role of contactin-1 (CNTN-1) in tumor chemoresistance, while the function and mechanism of CNTN-1 in the resistance of docetaxel in prostate cancer have not yet been elucidated.Material and methodsDocetaxel (Dox)-resistant PCa cell lines of PC3 (PC3-DR) and DU145 (DU145-DR) were established, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting CNTN-1 were generated to analyze the effect of knockdown of CNTN-1 on PCa progression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, wound-healing, transwell and western blotting analysis were used to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and related protein expression levels, respectively.ResultsKnockdown of CNTN-1 in PC3-DR and DU145-DR cells attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT phenotype, and drug resistance, and increased cell apoptosis further reduced the tumorigenic phenotype. Knockdown of CNTN-1 resulted in an anti-tumor effect in the xenograft tumor model, and decreased activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that downregulation of CNTN-1 may be an important mechanism to reverse chemoresistance in Dox-resistant PCa progression, thus shedding light on the development of novel anti-tumor therapeutics for the treatment of PCa.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors induce anoikis in osteosarcoma via PI3K/Akt pathway

COX-2, an inducible enzyme, is associated with inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis. Overexpression of COX-2 occurs in many human malignancies, including osteosarcoma. In our study, we reported that Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 via down-regulation of PI3K/Akt. PI3K/Akt plays an essential role in the cell/extracellar matrix (ECM) and cell/cell adhesion. We hypothesize that COX-2 inhibitors induce anoikis in osteosarcoma via PI3K/Akt, resulted in lack of correct attachment and the down-regulations of β-catenin, TrkB and E-cadherin, which play an essential role in the cell/extracellar matrix (ECM) and cell/cell adhesion. Meanwhile, apoptosis also be disclosed, such as DNA fragments and apoptotic bodies, activation of caspase-8, 9 and cleavage of PARP. With wortmannin, a specific PI3K inhibitor can simulate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors. If our hypothesis is correct, COX-2 inhibitors could cut down the occurrence of metastasis and facilitate the patient who may benefit from addition of COX-2 inhibitors to standard cytotoxic therapy.     

枸杞多糖通过调控PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路对去卵巢大鼠心肌产生抗氧化作用

目的:观察枸杞多糖对去卵巢大鼠心肌PI3K/Akt/e NOS信号通路的影响。方法:将30只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、补佳乐组、枸杞多糖高剂量组及枸杞多糖低剂量组,ELISA法比较各组血清雌激素、LDH及CK水平,检测心肌H_2S含量及氧化应激损伤相关指标,HE染色观察各组心肌的形态变化,Western blot法检测各组大鼠心肌e NOS蛋白及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达。结果:与假手术组相比,去卵巢组大鼠血清雌二醇水平降低,心肌H_2S含量和GSH-Px活性下降,心肌e NOS蛋白及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达均有所降低,心肌ROS活性和MDA含量升高(P0.05),心肌细胞排列紊乱,细胞间隙增大,血清LDH和CK活性均增多;与去卵巢组比较,枸杞多糖高剂量组大鼠血清雌二醇含量增加(P0.05),心肌H_2S含量、GSH-Px活性、e NOS蛋白及Akt磷酸化水平均提高,心肌ROS活性和MDA含量下降(P0.05),血清LDH和CK活性均降低,并且改善大鼠心肌形态的变化。结论:枸杞多糖可以通过调控PI3K/Akt/e NOS通路改善去卵巢大鼠心脏变化防治绝经后心血管病变。     

Cobalt chloride-stimulated hypoxia promotes the proliferation of cholesteatoma keratinocytes via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Herein, we purposed to explore whether hypoxia triggers proliferation of cholesteatoma keratinocytes via the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade. Cells were inoculated with different concentration of CoCl₂. The proliferation and cellular HIF-1α, p-PDK1 and p‑Akt expression levels of cholesteatoma keratinocytes were assessed in vitro. Hypoxia escalated cell proliferation via upregulating p-PDK1 and p‑Akt expressions. Specific inhibitor of the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade, LY294002 markedly inhibited the expression of p‑Akt and significantly reduces the hypoxia‑induced proliferation of cholesteatoma keratinocytes. Our data provides research evidence confirming that hypoxia participates in the onset and progress of cholesteatoma.     

Acrolein induces heme oxygenase-1 through PKC-delta and PI3K in human bronchial epithelial cells

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the rate limiting reaction of heme metabolism and plays critical roles in resistance to oxidative stress and other cellular functions. It is well known that HO-1 is induced in response to various stresses; however, the signaling pathways involved remain incompletely elucidated. Acrolein is an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde present in cigarette smoke and also a product of lipid peroxidation. In this investigation we studied HO-1 induction in response to acrolein and determined the signaling pathways involved in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE1 cells). We demonstrated that acrolein significantly increased the HO-1 mRNA content and promoter activity. Acrolein-mediated HO-1 induction was significantly attenuated by pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors RO318220, staurosporine, and PKC-delta selective inhibitor rottlerin and PKC-delta small interfering RNA. The HO-1 induction was also decreased by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin. No significant effects on HO-1 induction were observed with the pretreatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors PD98059 (ERK), SB203580 (p38MAPK) and JNKi, and conventional and atypical PKC inhibitors. Furthermore, Nrf2 silencing significantly attenuated the HO-1 induction by acrolein. Inhibition of PKC-delta significantly decreased acrolein-mediated Nrf2 nuclear translocation, though inhibition of PI3K had no effect. Taken together, our results indicate that acrolein up-regulates HO-1 expression through both PKC-delta and PI3K pathways in HBE1 cells; PKC-delta appears to regulate HO-1 induction via modulating Nrf2 nuclear translocation, while PI3K may work through targeting on downstream signaling molecules other than Nrf2.     

Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces the phosphorylation of PRAS40 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in PC12 cells

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide tropic factor that plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated that IGF-1 promotes neuronal cell survival via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (PRAS40) is a recently discovered downstream target of Akt. However, the relationship between IGF-1 and PRAS40 is not known. In this study, we characterized the phosphorylation of PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 in PC12 cells and explored the signaling pathway responsible for the effect of IGF-1. IGF-1 induced the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr473 and PRAS40 at Thr246 in PC12 cells. The phosphorylation of Akt and PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 (100ng/ml) was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) specific inhibitor LY294002 (50μM), while no inhibitory effect was observed for a MAPK kinase pathway specific inhibitor PD98059 nor a p38 MAPK inhibitor PD169316, suggesting that the phosphorylation of PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 is mediated by the PI3K pathway in PC12 cells and primary cultured neurons. In further support this hypothesis, an Akt kinase specific inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, attenuated IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of PRAS40 at the concentration that blocked the phosphorylation of Akt induced by IGF-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IGF-1 stimulates the phosphorylation of PRAS40 at Thr246 in neuronal cells and the effect of IGF-1 is mediated, at least in part, by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

MEX3A通过PI3K/Akt信号通路促进结直肠癌细胞的增殖和迁移

目的 探讨MEX3A在结直肠癌(CRC)中的表达水平,及MEX3A对结直肠癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及作用机制.方法 通过TCGA数据库获取327例数据(正常组织41例,肿瘤组织286例),收集临床样本104例(癌旁组织27例,癌组织77例),进行免疫组织化学染色,分析MEX3A在结直肠癌和正常组织间表达的差异.利用Wes...     

IL-1β通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR途径促进神经元活化

目的:观察白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)刺激对神经元活化的影响。方法:利用IL-1β刺激体外培养的原代神经元,运用慢病毒转染shRNA使PI3K的p85亚基(PI3K-p85)沉默、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)抑制剂雷帕霉素预处理阻断m TOR、酪氨酸激酶家族抑制剂PP2抑制p85向IL-1受体I型(IL-1RI)募集等方式预处理神经元,检测PI3K-p85、与IL-1RI结合的PI3K-p85、p-Akt、p-p70S6K以及微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)在神经元内的变化及相互作用;利用FM4-64染色观察各组神经元突触胞吞情况。结果:利用IL-1β刺激体外培养的海马神经元可增加细胞内PI3K-p85、p-Akt、p-p70S6K、MAP2以及与IL-1RI结合的PI3K-p85的水平(P0.05),并且神经元突触的胞吞作用明显加剧(P0.05);抑制PI3K-p85可以下调IL-1β所致的p-Akt、pp70S6k和MAP2水平增加(P0.05),神经元突触的胞吞作用减弱(P0.05);抑制m TOR也能下调IL-1β所致的PI3K-p85、p-Akt、p-p70S6K和MAP2水平增加(P0.05),神经元突触的胞吞作用减弱(P0.05);抑制p85亚基与IL-1RI的结合也可以下调IL-1β所致的p-Akt、p-p70S6K和MAP2水平增加(P0.05)。结论:促炎因子IL-1β通过IL-1RI与PI3K-p85结合使PI3K-p85活化,进而磷酸化Akt和m TOR下游物质p70S6K,促进神经元突触增生及活化,这可能是内侧颞叶癫痫向慢性化进展的机制之一。     

人甲壳质酶蛋白40通过PI3K/Akt信号通路调控膝骨性关节炎兔软骨细胞的凋亡

文题释义：膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)：常发生在中老年人群,其病理过程涉及软骨基质退行性病变、软骨细胞性状显著性改变和数量明显减少。在外力及内部环境改变等因素影响下,软骨细胞外基质、软骨细胞及软骨下骨的合成和降解动态平衡出现紊乱,软骨细胞大量凋亡使得软骨修复、重塑等稳定状态出现异常,上述情况均可诱导膝骨关节炎的发生。人甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)：是一种广泛存在于关节滑膜细胞、软骨细胞中的软骨糖蛋白,具有多种生物学功能作用：①促进软骨细胞、成骨细胞的增殖生长及分化;②促进新生血管组织的形成;③调控细胞外基质的重构过程;④协助细胞适应生长环境的显著性改变及缺氧等病理损伤,此外在软骨细胞凋亡方面也发挥一定作用。背景：由于PI3K/Akt信号通路与骨组织生理代谢之间存在着密切的联系,而人甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)对乳腺癌发病机制中的PI3K/Akt信号通路具有一定调控作用,由此推测YKL-40可能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路对膝骨性关节炎软骨细胞凋亡进行调控。目的：研究YKL-40通过PI3K/Akt信号通路调控膝骨性关节炎兔软骨细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法：①将新西兰大白兔随机分为2组,膝骨性关节炎模型组采用前交叉韧带离断术制作右后膝骨性关节炎动物模型,正常对照组仅切开右后膝关节囊,造模后第6周取材并分离软骨细胞,予以软骨组织苏木精-伊红染色及Mankin组织学评分,同时免疫组化染色检测软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达;②正常对照组兔第2代软骨细胞为正常对照组;将膝骨性关节炎模型组兔第2代软骨细胞分为4组,模型组仅予以含体积分数10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基培养,模型+YKL组培养基中加入100 μg/L YKL-40干预,模型+LY组培养基中加入50 µmol/L PI3K通路抑制剂LY294002干预,模型+YKL+LY组：培养基中加入100 μg/L YKL-40和50 µmol/L LY294002干预,采用免疫印迹法检测各组软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原、基质金属蛋白酶13、Akt、p-Akt、P53、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果与结论：①经软骨组织苏木精-伊红染色、Mankin组织学评分及软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色证实,膝骨性关节炎动物模型构建和软骨细胞培养均获得成功;②模型组Ⅱ型胶原、Bcl-2、p-Akt蛋白表达明显低于正常对照组(P < 0.05),基质金属蛋白酶13、P53蛋白表达明显高于正常对照组(P < 0.05);与模型组比较,模型+YKL组上述指标得到明显改善(P < 0.05),而模型+LY组上述指标则进一步恶化(P < 0.05),模型+YKL+LY组上述指标与模型组比较无显著性差异(P > 0.05),但与模型+YKL组和模型+LY组比较有显著性差异(P < 0.05);各组Akt蛋白表达水平比较无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。提示：YKL-40可通过激活活化PI3K/Akt信号通路,起到抑制兔膝骨性关节炎软骨细胞凋亡,加快软骨损伤修复和延缓软骨退行性改变的作用,可作为临床治疗膝骨性关节炎的新作用靶点。ORCID: 0000-0002-7889-445X(田胜兰)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

过表达脑红蛋白通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路防治AD的体外研究

 目的:探索过表达脑红蛋白（neuroglobin,NGB）对转染了pAPPswe的SH-SY5Y细胞的神经保护作用及机制。方法: 成功构建过表达NGB的质粒pEGFP-NGB并转染入已预先转染了pAPPswe的SH-SY5Y细胞,MTT法检测过表达NGB对该细胞存活率的影响;JC-1法检测其对细胞线粒体膜电位的影响;流式细胞术检测过表达NGB对细胞凋亡的影响;Western blotting法检测其对细胞中p-Akt、 Akt和caspase-3/9表达的影响;ELISA法检测其对细胞内Aβ42生成的影响。结果: MTT结果显示,与对照组和空质粒组比较,转染NGB后,pAPPswe-SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。JC-1染色结果显示过表达NGB能够明显抑制转染pAPPswe对SH-SY5Y细胞线粒体膜电位的降低作用（P<0.05）。流式细胞术结果显示过表达NGB能够抑制早、晚期细胞的凋亡。而Western blotting显示过表达NGB不仅能抑制细胞内caspase-3和caspase-9蛋白水平的表达,而且还能够促进细胞内p-Akt蛋白的表达,而这种促进作用能够被PI3K/Akt的抑制剂LY294002所抑制。ELISA结果显示过表达NGB能够明显抑制细胞内Aβ42的生成。结论: 过表达NGB能够显著抑制pAPPswe诱导的细胞损伤,而且还抑制与细胞凋亡密切相关的caspase-3和caspase-9等蛋白表达。NGB的神经保护作用可能是通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路来实现的。     

PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis

Objective  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC).     

Critical roles of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T cell development

Thymocyte development requires an integration of extracellular cues to enforce lineage commitment at multiple defined checkpoints in a stage-specific manner. Critical signals from the pre-TCR, Notch, and the receptor for interleukin-7 (IL-7) dictate cellular differentiation from the CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative) stage to the CD4+CD8+ (double positive) stage. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is required to translate these extracellular signaling events into multiple functional outcomes including cellular survival, proliferation, differentiation, and allelic exclusion at the beta-selection checkpoint. However, a complete understanding of the contributions made by the PI3K/Akt pathway in thymocyte development has not been straightforward. This review highlights studies that support the model that the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential for thymocyte survival. We provide new evidence that Akt-mediated survival is not solely due to the increased expression of Bcl-xL but also is a consequence of the role played by Akt to support metabolism in proliferating thymocytes.