替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎96周对肾脏功能的影响

目的：研究替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者对肾脏功能的影响。方法回顾性分析替比夫定治疗42例慢性乙型肝炎患者,比较治疗96周前后血清肌酐( CR),估算肾小球滤过率( eGFR)较基线的变化情况及eGFR≥90ml/(min·1.73m2)患者的比例。结果96周各随访点,患者 CR、eGFR 差异无显著性(P>0.05)。96周时,患者CR、eGFR较基线变化平均值为-1.6μmol/L、4.4ml/(min·1.73m2)。基线肾功能轻度受损[eGFR60~90 ml/(min·1.73m2)]的患者中,38.1%(8/21)患者上升至>90ml/(min·1.73m2),治疗96周时eGFR较基线差异有显著性(P=0.04)。 eGFR≥90ml/(min·1.73m2)患者比例由基线的50%升至96周的59.5%(P=0.381)。结论对于基线肾功能受损的患者[eGFR 60~90 ml/(min·1.73m2)],使用替比夫定抗病毒治疗,其肾功能可得到一定程度的改善。     

肾小球滤过率对心源性卒中老年患者长期不良预后的预测研究

目的探讨肾小球滤过率(eGFR)与非瓣膜性房颤致心源性卒中老年患者长期不良预后的关系。方法纳入2013年1月-2016年1月于首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科住院的非瓣膜性房颤致心源性卒中老年患者195例(年龄≥65岁),使用肾脏病饮食改良(MDRD)简化公式计算肾小球滤过率估计值(eGFR),按照eGFR60ml/(min·1.73m2)为肾功能不全,分为肾功能不全组(34例)和无肾功能不全组(161组),出院后1年通过电话或门诊随访,观察卒中不良结局,包括全因死亡、卒中复发、联合终点事件(卒中或死亡)、卒中性残疾。结果 (1)肾功能不全组(eGFR60ml/(min·1.73m2)患者中,年龄≥75岁者的比例高于无肾功能不全组[eGFR≥60ml/(min·1.73m2)]患者,差异有统计学意义(85.3%(29/34)比54.0%(87/161),P0.05);(2)肾功能不全组和无肾功能不全组比较,出院后1年不良预后结局事件发生率的差异有统计学意义(52.9%比32.9%,χ2=4.860,P=0.0270.05);(3)多因素Logistic分析显示,非瓣膜性房颤致心源性卒中老年患者1年内发生卒中不良结局事件与患者出院时NIHSS有关(OR=1.141,P0.05)。结论患者出院时NIHSS评分可以预测非瓣膜性房颤致心源性卒中老年患者长期不良预后结局,与患者eGFR低于60ml/(min·1.73m2)无关。     

单纯血尿素氮升高患者肾小球滤过率下降趋势分析

目的明确单纯血尿素氮(BUN)升高是否为肾小球滤过率计算值(eGFR)下降的预测因子。方法回顾性分析门诊单纯氮质血症患者(血清尿素氮升高,无其他肾损伤标志物异常,氮质血症组)的相关数据并长期随访(≥48个月),利用MDRD公式计算eGFR,并与正常对照组进行分析比较。结果氮质血症组患者的BUN浓度(8.30±1.10mmol/L)明显高于对照组(5.05±0.91 mmol/L),差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而两组血清Cr浓度(87.23±8.59μmol/L vs.72.39±10.06μmol/L)以及eGFR[111.94±18.62 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)vs.111.25±14.63 ml/(min·1.73m2)]相近,差异无统计学意义。跟踪一年后,氮质血症组的eGFR下降速度[95.39±18.52 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)]明显快于正常对照组[108.17±16.99 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)],且明显低于一年前初诊发现单纯BUN升高时的结果[111.94±18.62 ml/(min·1.73 m~2),P0.01],且这种差异在随后的跟踪过程中愈发明显。结论与正常对照组相比,在没有其他肾脏损伤指标证据的前提下,单纯血清尿素氮升高是eGFR下降的预测因子。     

终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析治疗时机与其生存率关系的初步探讨

目的 探讨终末期肾脏病腹膜透析治疗时机与患者生存率的关系.方法 选取上海交通大学附属上海第一人民医院肾内科自2004年1月1日～2011年12月31日间,以腹膜透析作为肾脏替代治疗方式的终末期肾脏病患者.通过MDRD公式估计患者透析起始eGFR值,并根据eGFR值将纳入实验的患者分为早透析组[eGFR＞6.5 ml/（min·1.73 m^2）]和晚透析组[eGFR＞6.5 ml/（min· 1.73 m^2）],分析2组患者透析起始时基线数据的差异,以及2组间生存率的关系. 结果 资料完整的177例患者平均年龄（59.02±13.21）岁,平均随访（46±24.77）月,透析起始eGFR中位数水平是6.5 ml/（min· 1.73 m^2）,68.22％患者于5～7.5 ml/（min·1.73 m^2）时才开始透析治疗.早透析组患者85例,透析起始时eGFR值（8.77±3.44） ml/（min·1.73 m^2）;晚透析组患者92例,透析起始时eGFR值（5.54±1.35）ml/min· （1.73 m^2）.对包括性别（χ^2=12.400,P=0.120）、年龄（t=-0.580,P=0.060）、BMI（t=0.450,P=0.55）、血红蛋白（t=0.740,P=0.590）、血白蛋白（t=-1.700,P=0.180）等基本资料统计分析发现,2组透析治疗起始时血肌酐（t=-10.270,P＜0.01）、BUN（t=-2.910,P＜0.01）、eGFR（t=10.050,P＜0.01）、糖尿病肾病（χ^2=7.540,P＜0.05）及并发糖尿病的比例（χ^2=2.600,P＜0.01）有统计学差异,余基线数据均未见明显差异.运用Ka-plan-Meier生存分析比较早、晚透析组患者的生存率,发现2组间的差异仍无统计学意义（χ^2=0.360,P=0.191）.结论 糖尿病肾病患者较其他患者更易接受早期透析治疗,然而终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析治疗时机与患者生存率之间无明显相关关系.     

慢性肾脏病患者认知和抑郁障碍的评估及分析

目的探讨慢性肾脏病患者认知和抑郁障碍的情况,分析其可能机制。方法根据受试者的肾小球滤过率将179例受试者分成健康对照组:eGFR90 ml/(min·1.73m2),肾小球滤过率轻度下降组:30eGFR60 ml/(min·1.73m2),肾小球滤过率重度下降组:eGFR30 ml/(min·1.73m2)组。用简易精神状态检查表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)和抑郁自测量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估受试者认知功能和抑郁情况,对比分析其颅脑MRI显影,统计腔隙性脑梗死和脑白质脱髓鞘发生率。结果肾小球滤过率轻度下降组和重度下降组的MMSE量表评分分别为26.53±0.41(x~2=3.046,P=0.003)、23.47±0.94(x~2=6.000,P0.001)和SDS量表评分分别为39.18±1.55(x~2=2.098,P=0.033)、45.6±1.93(x~2=9.183,P=0.002),与健康对照组相比差异有统计学意义;肾小球滤过率轻度下降组及重度下降组伴认知或抑郁障碍的患者腔隙性脑梗死和脑白质脱髓鞘的发生率分别为42.5%(x~2=4.482,P=0.034)、52.5%(x~2=10.474,P=0.001)、50.0%(x~2=4.842,P=0.028)、65.0%(x~2=6.983,P=0.013),与无认知和抑郁障碍的患者相比发生率较高。结论慢性肾脏病患者出现认知和抑郁障碍的风险较高,可能与患者出现腔隙性脑梗死和脑白质脱髓鞘有关。     

恩替卡韦对轻度肾功能损伤慢性乙型肝炎患者eGFR的影响

目的分析恩替卡韦治疗期间病毒学应答对轻度肾功能损伤慢性乙型肝炎患者肾功能的影响。方法2011~2016年期间,于北京友谊医院门诊初治的慢性乙型肝炎患者,规律服用恩替卡韦治疗2年。观察治疗1年、2年的HBV DNA转阴率和估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)。根据治疗1年时病毒水平分为应答组和应答不佳组(HBV DNA100 IU/ml),比较两组的肌酐和e GFR水平。结果分别有59例和41例患者完成1年和2年治疗。治疗1年时HBV DNA转阴率为66.10%(39/59),2年为75.61%(31/41)。所有患者基线e GFR为88.35±14.53 ml/(min·1.73 m2),治疗1年和2年后分别为93.37±33.94 ml/(min·1.73 m2)和89.01±15.43 ml/(min·1.73 m2),与基线水平无显著差异(P0.05)。应答不佳与应答组的e GFR在基线及治疗1年和2年后e GFR分别为81.20±13.62 ml/(min·1.73m2)、76.37±16.50 ml/(min·1.73 m2)、83.91±13.71 ml/(min·1.73 m2)和80.26±15.15 ml/(min·1.73 m2)、80.49±15.73 ml/(min·1.73 m2)、79.01±15.54 ml/(min·1.73 m2)。治疗前后及两组间比较,均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论恩替卡韦治疗2年,对于轻度肾功能损伤慢性乙型肝炎患者的肾功能无显著影响,早期病毒学应答情况与肾功能改变无关。     

高敏肌钙蛋白T对肾脏受损的急性心肌梗死患者诊断准确性研究

目的探讨高敏肌钙蛋白T(hs-cTnT)对肾脏受损的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者诊断准确性。方法根据估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)不同将纳入研究的1 934例出现胸痛的患者进行分组,分别为eGFR≥90 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)组[慢性肾脏病(CKD)Ⅰ期]689例、eGFR 60~90 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)组(CKDⅡ期) 889例、eGFR 30~60 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)组(CKDⅢ期) 283例和eGFR 30 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)组(CKDⅣ期) 73例。比较各组受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的确定阈值与第99百分位数对应诊断性能差异。结果在eGFR 30 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)、eGFR 30~60 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)及eGFR60~90 mL/(min·1.73 m~2)中,ROC确定阈值与第99百分位数对应敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.01)。结论若需使用hs-cTnT准确诊断肾脏受损的AMI患者,其ROC阈值需结合eGFR。     

MDRD与CKD-EPI肾小球滤过率预测公式在慢性肾脏病患者中的比较

目的:比较MDRD与CKD-EPI公式对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者肾小球滤过率(GFR)的预测性能.方法:收集成都市区136例CKD患者的有关资料.检测其血清肌酐(Scr)水平;同时行同位素99m/Tc-DTPA肾扫描检查.以DTPA清除率作为本研究GFR检测的参考值(rGFR),计算Scr与rGFR的相关性,并就MDRD公式和CKD-EPI公式预测GFR(eGFR)的偏差、精密度、准确度及诊断敏感性进行比较.结果:将Scr进行标准倒数变换后,其与rGFR回归后的相关系数r=0.680.两预测公式所获eGFR分别与rGFR进行配对t检验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两预测公式所获eGFR之间差异无统计学意义.但当rGFR＞60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)时,CKD-EPI公式偏差较小,精密度较高,30%和50%准确性高于MDRD公式;当rGFR＜60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)时,两公式偏差和精密度差异不明显,但CKD-EPI公式30%和50%准确性低于MDRD公式.当分别以90或60mL/(min·1.73 m2)作为诊断分界点时,ROC曲线下面积比较无统计学意义.结论:CKD-EPI公式适用于CKD患者GFR的预测,在rGFR＞60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)时体现了较好的预测趋势,但是否能取代MDRD公式尚需进一步研究.     

肾功能与老年急性失代偿射血分数保留心力衰竭预后的关系

目的明确在老年急性失代偿射血分数保留心力衰竭(HFp EF)患者中,不同肾功能分期与1年内心衰预后的关系。方法回顾性入选2013年6月至2015年6月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院医疗保健中心心血管病房住院的急性失代偿射血分数保留心力衰竭老年患者(年龄≥65岁),记录基本情况、合并疾病、用药情况,检测生化指标、超声心动图指标,根据MDRD-EPI公式计算估测肾小球滤过率(eGFR),入选eGFR≥30 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)的患者145例并根据K-DOQI指南分期分为3组。1组eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m~2),2组eGFR 60~90 ml/(min·1.73m~2),3组eGFR 30~60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)。比较各组患者的临床、实验室及超声心动图参数,比较各组患者的心衰死亡、心衰再住院及全因死亡等终点事件的差异,采用Kaplan-Merier曲线分析比较肾功能分期与心衰的关系。结果 3组患者纽约心脏病协会心功能分级为IV级的患者比率显著高于1组和2组,各组之间的血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸及N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)均有显著差异,1组最低,3组最高,血红蛋白水平的组间差异相反;3组患者心衰再住院及所有终点事件的发生率显著高于1组和2组;Kaplan-Meier曲线显示3组患者的心衰再住院及所有事件发生率明显高于1组和2组,差异有显著性(log rank P=0.001及P=0.022)。结论以eGFR评价的肾功能与老年急性失代偿HFpEF患者1年内心衰再住院等预后有关。     

应用FibroTouch技术评价2型糖尿病肾病患者肝脏脂肪变性和纤维化程度及二者相关性

目的 利用FibroTouch技术,评价2型糖尿病肾病（DN）患者肝脏脂肪变性和肝脏纤维化的程度及二者的相关性。方法 选取2型糖尿病肾病患者90例。根据肾小球滤过率（eGFR）将其分为三组,eGFR≥90ml?min-1(1.73m2)-1为A组(30例),60ml?min-1?(1.73m2)-1≤eGFR＜90ml?min-1?(1.73m2)-1为B组（30例）,eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73m2)-1为C组（30例）,同时选取30名健康志愿者为对照组。应用FibroTouch技术获得肝脏脂肪衰减值（db/m）和肝脏硬度值（Kpa）。结果 各组肝脏脂肪衰减值和肝脏硬度值比较,A、B、C组均明显高于对照组（P均＜0.05）,B、C组均高于A组（P均＜0.05）,C组高于B组（P＜0.05）;肝脏脂肪衰减值和肝脏硬度值呈正相关关系（r=0.733,P＜0.01）。结论 应用FibroTouch技术可以准确、无创地评价DN患者的肝脏脂肪变性和纤维化程度,具有重要的临床意义。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.