急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术中血栓抽吸治疗后半年6MWT的效果分析

目的 通过血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术中的应用,结合两组术后即刻TIMI血流的分级,ST段回落率以及比较半年后六分钟步行试验距离结果的差异,以评价其可行性和有效性,比较对近远期心功能的改善情况.方法 选择46例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术的患者,分成两组,各23例,抽吸导管组：予抽吸导管抽吸后,行支架植入;直接PCI术组,予单纯球囊扩张后,植入支架.比较两组术后即刻TIMI血流的分级,ST段回落率,半年后六分钟步行试验距离结果的差异.结果 抽吸导管组即刻血流TIMI 2～3级者明显高于直接PCI组（P＜0.05）.抽吸导管组ST段回落率＞50％明显高于直接PCI组（P＜0.05）,抽吸导管组六分钟步行试验步行距离明显高于直接PCI组,提示近远期心功能改善较好（P＜0.05）.结论 在急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术中应用ZEEK（PCAB 3060）抽吸导管行血栓抽吸术,可以减少急性心肌梗死患者无复流的发生率,改善心肌灌注,明显改善患者的心功能,是有效、安全的.     

血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死预后影响

选取2008年8月～2012年8月诊断为急性ST段抬高或非ST段抬高型心肌梗死并行急诊PCI治疗的患者110例,随机分为血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组(冠状动脉内用药组)和血栓抽吸联合静脉滴注替罗非班组(静脉用药组)各55例。比较2组冠状动脉无复流发生率即刻靶血管TIMI血流分级[1]、矫正TIMI计帧数(CT-FC)[2]、用药后30d内出现事件、MACE发生率及术后30d心脏彩超左室射血分数(LVEF)/左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。结果与静脉用药组比较,冠状动脉内用药组无复流发生率明显减少(P=0.011);TIMI 3级比率升高(P=0.012);CTFC显示血流增快(P=0.008);左心室射血分数高(P=0.003);左室舒张末期内径改变基本持平;围术期大出血发生率增多(P=0.08),无统计学意义;30d随访期间的严重不良心脏事件明显降低(P=0.015)。血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班能有效改善心肌微循环的再灌注,降低围手术期的风险。     

替罗非班与抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI中对慢血流的影响

目的 评价急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中应用替罗非班与抽吸导管对慢血流的影响.方法 2009-01-2010-10开封市第二人民医院共80例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死冠脉造影后血栓负荷重的急诊PCI患者进入研究,治疗组30例给予替罗非班与血栓抽吸,再行PCI术,对照组30例直接给予急诊PCI术.比较两组间介入治疗术后对慢血流的影响.结果 两组间的血管开通率均为100%,发生慢血流为3.6%和15.4%,治疗组优于对照组,两组均无严重出血事件发生.结论 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI中应用盐酸替罗非班与抽吸导管,可以改善术后梗死相关动脉慢血流现象.     

腺苷联合替罗非班应用于冠状动脉介入患者的效果分析

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中冠状动脉内替罗非班联合高剂量腺苷的治疗效果.方法 采用前瞻性、双盲、随机研究,根据随机数字表将接受PCI的88例STEMI患者分为观察组(44例)和对照组(44例).两组均将10μg/kg替罗非班经抽吸导管于罪犯病变远端推注3 min,同时持续静脉滴注0.15 μg/(kg· min) 24 h.在此基础上,观察组患者的冠状动脉内推注腺苷(2mg,10 ml0.9％氯化钠)2次,对照组推注10 ml 0.9％氯化钠2次.评估术后两组患者的冠状动脉造影、心电图指标,随访术后患者的心肌Blush分级(MBG)、心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)、总ST段抬高回落(STR)、12个月主要不良心脏事件 (MACE)、腺苷引发的不良反应.结果 两组患者的术后TIMI血流分级、ST抬高完全回落比例比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);观察组CTFC[(21.9±3.7)帧与(24.4±4.9)帧,t=2.701,P＜0.01]、MBG 3级的例数分布(24/44与14/44,x2=4.632、P＜0.05)与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义.两组患者随访1、12个月时的死亡人数、MACE、靶血管血运重建以及NYHA分级比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);观察组的血压下降≥10mm Hg(15.9％与2.3％,x2=4.950,P=0.026)、新发二度以及以上房室传导阻滞(20.5％与15.9％,x2=7.221,P=0.007)的比例显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;腺苷引发的不良反应均为一过性.结论 在STEMI患者治疗中,冠状动脉内替罗非班联合高剂量腺苷的应用对其PCI术后的心肌灌注有改善作用.     

血栓抽吸联合盐酸替罗非班用于心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中的临床效果

目的分析心肌梗死介入治疗中血栓抽吸联合盐酸替罗非班治疗的效果。方法 2013年12月至2015年4月笔者收集急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)64例,冠状动脉造影提示高度血栓负荷。根据治疗方法随机分为观察组(血栓抽吸联合盐酸替罗非班)和对照组(仅行PCI术)。结果 PCI术后,观察组MPG 3级以及TIMI血流3级发生率均高于对照组;随访1年,观察组主要心血管不良时间(MACE)、靶血管血运重建(TVR)及靶病变再次血运重建(TLR)发生率均低于对照组(P均0.05)。结论血栓抽吸联合盐酸替罗非班能显著改善高度血栓负荷的急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者TMPG分级、TIMI血流,改善患者1年生存质量。     

盐酸替罗非班对心肌梗死急诊PCI术后合并冠脉内血栓的疗效和安全性

[目的]观察盐酸替罗非班(欣维宁)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后合并冠脉血栓患者的疗效及安全性.[方法]本院AMI患者55例,冠脉造影显示均有冠脉内血栓形成,PCI治疗后血栓未能消失,远端TIMI血流1级或以下.55例患者分为三组:A组为本院尚未使用欣维宁治疗患者共16例,B组为术中开始静脉使用欣维宁患者共20例,C组为术中开始冠脉内注射欣维宁联合静脉使用欣维宁患者19例.观察患者术前、术后心电图ST段回落；住院期间主要心脏事件(Mace事件)发生率、出血发生率情况.[结果]术后心电图ST段回落≥50％发生率B组(45.0％)与C组(78.9％)显著高于A组(25.0％)；总的Mace事件发生率A组(37.5％)显著高于B组(10.0％)与C组(5.3％)；C组与B组比较有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；总的出血发生率B组(20.0％)、C组(15.8％)与A组(6.3％)相比有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]欣维宁可改善急诊PCI中合并冠脉内血栓患者的心电图ST回落,冠脉内应用更为明显；可减少Mace事件发生率；不增加出血风险.     

PCI治疗中应用血栓抽吸术对STEMI患者心肌组织微循环灌注的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)治疗中应用血栓抽吸术对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者心肌组织微循环灌注的影响。方法随机抽样法选取2017年12月～2018年12月本院收治的STEMI患者72例,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各36例。对照组于发病12h内行PCI术,观察组在对照组基础上加用血栓抽吸术。比较两组治疗效果。结果观察组术后2h ST段回落50%所占比为36.11%,高于对照组的13.89%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组TMPG 3级率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组心脏不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 STEMI患者PCI治疗中应用血栓抽吸术可更好改善心肌组织微循环灌注,降低心脏不良事件发生风险。     

对吻支架与单支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变疗效的临床研究

目的 比较对吻支架术与单支架术治疗血管直径较大真性分叉病变的远期疗效.方法 380例分叉病变患者随机分为对吻支架术组190例,单支架术组190例,分别行对吻支架术或单支架术.随访1年,观察再狭窄、死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、靶病变再次血运重建、支架内血栓形成、手术成功率和手术时间.结果 单支架组中32例(16.8％)因术中分支出现夹层或血流低于TIMI 3级改行T型支架植入,因此最终158例完成了试验(单支架手术成功率83.2％);而对吻支架组都按既定方案完成了手术(手术成功率100％,x2=32.79,P＜0.05).术后1年,对吻支架组与单支架组比较总体再狭窄[30(15.8％)与24( 15.2％);x2=0.000,P＞0.05];主支再狭窄[20(10.5％)与16( 10.1％);x2=0.003,P＞0.05]、分支再狭窄[13(6.8％)与23(14.6％);x2=4.73,P＜0.05]、死亡[2(1.1％)与1(0.6％);x2=0.026,P＞0.05]、心肌梗塞[4(2.1％)与2(1.3％);x2=0.034,P＞0.05]、靶病变再次血运重建[23(12.1％)与20( 12.7％);x2=0.000,P＞0.05]、支架内血栓[4(2.1％)与2(1.3％);x2=0.034,P＞0.05]、手术时间[(20±8)min与(45±9)min;t=1.98,P＜0.05].结论 对于血管直径较大的真性分叉病变,对吻支架技术远期疗效与单支架术相近,但手术成功率更高、手术时间更短.     

冠状动脉血栓抽吸联合支架置入术对急性心肌梗死患者心脏节律的影响

目的探讨早期冠状动脉血栓抽吸联合支架置入术对急性心肌梗死患者心脏节律的影响。方法对79例急性心肌梗死并冠状动脉血栓患者均行经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗,其中38例行急诊直接冠状动脉血栓抽吸术联合PCI介入术(急诊介入组),41例行择期PCI介入术(择期介入组);观察2组术后2周及1a心律失常发生率。结果术后2周及1a择期介入组心律失常发生率均高于急诊介入组(χ2=12.012,P<0.05;χ2=11.737,P<0.05)。结论急诊直接冠状动脉血栓抽吸术联合PCI治疗急性心肌梗死并冠状动脉血栓安全、有效,可降低心律失常发生率。     

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心电图ST段下降幅度与近期预后的观察

目的探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心电图ST段下降幅度与患者近期预后的关系.方法将急诊PCI术成功后1小时的18导联心电图(ECG)与入院当时ECG比较,分别测定梗死相关导联最大ST段高度,按抬高的ST段下降幅度分为A组:ST段下降≥50%,B组:ST段下降＜50%,根据对影响患者近期预后相关因素的观察进行比较.结果两组患者在非致死性心脏事件、室壁运动异常、再通后ST段下降又再抬高和住院死亡病例方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在左心室射血分数(LVEF)方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论急性心肌梗死患者经急诊PCI术后,其心电图ST段下降幅度可以作为预示患者近期预后的一个临床实用指标,并进一步指导临床治疗.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.