复性近视散光与单纯性近视的角膜地形图差异

目的探讨复性近视散光与单纯近视的角膜形态差异。方法近视88眼．分为复性近视散光组44眼，单纯近视组44眼，用角膜地形图仪检测角膜形态，并进行统计分析及组间比较。结果二组近视角膜前表面屈光力SlmK、ACP组间无差异（P＞0．05），角膜表面散光组间差异显著，有统计学意义（P＜0．01），角膜形态SRI、SAI值组间无显著差异（P＞0．05），复性组检影散光与角膜表面散光值无显著差异；角膜地形图类型在复性组以对称性蝴蝶结形和非对称性蝴蝶结形为主，单纯组则以规则圆结形和非对称性蝴蝶结形为主。结论角膜散光是复性近视散光与单纯近视之间角膜形态差异的主要原因。     

近视屈光度数与角膜屈光力和非球面系数的相关性

目的：对不同近视屈光状态下人眼角膜总屈光力、后表面屈光力、眼轴、角膜非球面参数 Q 值、中央角膜厚度（central cornea thickness, CCT）及眼压进行测量,并探讨近视度数与上述相关参数的关系。 方法：近视患者138例138眼（所有患者选择右眼进行分析）,根据综合验光仪测量的近视度数,患者分为三组：低度近视组（-1.00D～-3.00D）,中度近视组（-3.25D～-6.00D）,高度近视组（〉-6.00D）。各眼使用Pentacam眼前节分析仪（德国,Oculus公司）进行检测,获得角膜总屈光力和后表面屈光力以及Q值,使用非接触式眼压测量仪（日本Canon公司）测量眼压,使用 A 超测量仪（美国Tomey公司AL-3000）测量中央角膜厚度（CCT）和眼轴长度。数据采用Pearson相关性分析、单因素方差分析进行处理。 结果：近视度数与眼轴呈负相关（r=-0.682, P〈0.001）,与角膜屈光力无相关性（r=0.009, P=0.925）,眼轴与角膜屈光力呈负相关（r=-0.554, P〈0.001）。近视度数与Q值呈正相关（r=0.674, P〈0.001）,Q值与眼压成呈负相关（ r=-0.375, P=0.01）。近视度数与CCT及眼压无相关性（ r=-0.138, P=0.141;r=-0.121, P=0.157）。 结论：角膜屈光力在近视发展过程中有正视化作用,Q值与近视度数及眼压的相关关系对指导角膜屈光手术有临床意义。     

动态轮廓眼压计与非接触眼压计的比较

目的比较动态轮廓眼压计（DCT）与非接触眼压计（NCT）测量眼压的差异,并探讨中央角膜厚度（CCT）对这两种测量方法的影响。方法对75例拟接受近视手术的患者进行角膜厚度测量后,对所有眼分别用DCT和NCT进行眼内压（IOP）的测量,并比较中央角膜厚度与两种眼压计读数的关系。对所有数据进行t检验和相关分析。结果NCT和DCT测得的眼压值具有显著性差异（t=9．2932,P〈0．01）。NCT测量值与CCT呈正相关,相关系数r=0．3482（P〈0．01）。DCT测量值与CCT无相关性,相关系数r=0．0635,P〉0．05）。结论NCT和DCT测量眼压值有差异,DCT测量值大于NCT,CCT对NCT的影响大于DCT。     

角膜地形图与散瞳验光散光差异分析

目的观察角膜地形图仪与散瞳验光测得的散光差异。方法以138眼（74例）近视眼为研究对象，角膜地形图仪记录角膜地形图形态、角膜屈光度、角膜散光度；散瞳后应用全自动电脑验光仪结合带状光检影及试镜．确定球镜度数、柱镜度数和轴位。所有数据用SigmaSTAT软件包进行统计学配对t检验。结果二组总的平均散光度，散瞳组为－1．21±0．9D，角膜地形图组为－1．37±0．63D，统计有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；总平均散光轴位：散瞳验光组为100．14°±76．4°，角膜地形图组为96．80°±78．0°，统计无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论　角膜地形图仪和散瞳验光记录的散光度有差异性，轴位无显著性差异，在设计屈光性手术时有指导意义。     

近视眼角膜形态的相关因素分析

目的 :探讨与近视眼角膜形态有关的因素。方法 :分别测量 875例 (1711眼 )近视及近视散光患者的角膜地形图、非接触眼压、角膜中央厚度 ,进行检影验光 ,记录近视、散光度数及散光轴位 ,将所得结果进行统计分析。结果 :①随年龄的增长 ,角膜厚度 (r =- 0 .0 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )及眼内压 (r= - 0 .15 ,P <0 .0 1)减低 ,角膜规则性下降 (SAI:r=0 .0 6 ,P<0 .0 5 ;SRI:r=0 .11,P <0 .0 1)。②SAI、SRI均随屈光度的增加而增大 (SAI:r =0 .0 7,P <0 .0 1;SRI:r =0 .0 9,P <0 .0 1)。③角膜中央厚度与眼内压呈正相关 (r =0 .4 2 ,P <0 .0 1) ,斜率为 0 .0 2 9mmHg/ μm ,角膜中央厚度大约每增加 34.4 8μm ,眼内压上升 1mmHg。④角膜中央厚度与屈光度有正相关关系 ,r=0 .14 ,P <0 .0 1,其线性回归方程为Y =0 .0 13X 1.2 4 9(F =36 .18,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :随着年龄及屈光度的增加 ,角膜形态会发生某种程度的变化。对患者作出诊断及处理之前 ,应进行全面的眼科检查     

近视眼角膜厚度与眼压相关因素分析

目的 探讨近视眼角膜中央厚度(CCT)、屈光度、角膜曲率、年龄、性别与眼压(IOP)测量值之间的关系.方法 对219例431只眼用超声角膜测厚仪、Goldmann眼压计、检影镜及电脑验光仪和ObscanⅡ角膜地形图分别测量其数据.结果 近视眼患者CCT与IOP之间具有直线正相关性,CCT每增加10μm,眼压值约增加0.5 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).近视患者CCT与屈光度数具有负相关性.近视患者CCT与角膜曲率、年龄及性别不相关.结论 CCT为影响IOP测量的一个重要因素,检查CCT有助于更好的了解真实IOP值;CCT随近视眼患者屈光度数的增加有变薄的趋势.     

LASIK术眼角膜厚度与眼压及屈光度相关性研究

目的研究接受LASIK手术的近视人群的角膜厚度与屈光度及眼压高低之间的关系。方法选择接受LASIK手术的近视连续病例136例268眼手术前后进行屈光检查、角膜地形图检查及非接触眼压测量,记录角膜激光切削厚度,对获得的数据进行统计学分析。结果该人群中央角膜厚度为(541.47±33.61)μm。眼压值为(15.35±2.73)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa),角膜激光切削厚度为(96.15±2.71)μm,术后1周眼压测量较术前降低(5.75±0.22)mmHg。统计结果:1、中央角膜厚度与眼压呈正的直线相关(r=0.4415,P<0.001),回归方程:Y(中央角膜厚度,μm)=456.76 5.52X(眼压,mmHg)。2、术后眼压值减低与角膜激光切削厚度呈正的直线相关(r=0.346,P<0.001)。回归方程:Y(眼压降低值,mmHg)=3.028 0.0283 X(角膜激光切削厚度,μm)。结论近视眼中央角膜厚度与眼压以及角膜激光切削厚度与术后眼压降低值呈正的直线相关关系。     

复性近视散光角膜地形图的临床分析

目的　全面了解复性近视散光患者角膜各区散光改变及对眼球散光的影响。方法　对15 0眼进行角膜地形图测量及视网膜检影检查 ,进行t检验及直线相关分析。结果　复性近视散光患者角膜 3mm区、 5mm区、 7mm区散光轴差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,3mm区与 5mm区散光度差异无显著意义 ,并与眼球散光度呈正相关 :眼球散光度 (D ) =0 64 7D3mm ( 3mm区散光度 ) 0 810D5mm ( 5mm区散光度 ) -0 14 9D7mm ( 7mm区散光度 ) -0 2 3 5。结论　人眼的散光 71 2 %由角膜散光决定 ,而角膜散光值主要由角膜 3mm区、 5mm区散光值决定 ,尤其 5mm区是反映角膜散光最敏感、稳定的区域     

OrbscanⅡ、电脑验光仪、综合验光测量散光的对比观察

目的分析准分子手术前近视散光患者术前应用OrbscanⅡ眼前节分析系统,自动电脑验光仪测得的柱镜和散光轴向与综合验光测得结果的差异及关系。方法采用OrbscanⅡ眼前节分析系统、小瞳下电脑验光、散瞳后电脑验光和综合验光4种测量方法,对130例（250只眼）近视散光进行检查并比较。结果综合验光、小瞳电脑验光和散瞳电脑验光3种方法测得的轴向基本一致,统计学分析无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,而OrbscanⅡ与综合验光测得的轴向统计学上有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;综合验光、小瞳电脑验光和散瞳电脑验光3种方法测得的散光度数统计学上有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论角膜地形图检查能反映角膜屈光状况,电脑验光仪对散光轴向的准确性较高,但临床检查仍应以睫状肌麻痹前后综合验光检查作为确定近视散光及散光轴的标准。     

中央角膜厚度对Goldmann眼压计与非接触式眼压计测量值的影响

目的探讨中央角膜厚度（CCT）对Goldmann眼压计与非接触式眼压计（NCT）眼压测量值的影响。方法分别用Goldmann眼压计与NCT测量83例（83只眼）正常人的眼压,采用光学相干断层扫描仪（OCT）测量CCT。采用配对T检验比较Goldmann眼压计与NCT眼压计眼压测量值的差异,采用线性相关分析方法分析两种眼压计眼压测量值之间的相关关系,并分析CCT对两种眼压计眼压测量值的影响。结果Goldmann眼压计测得的眼压平均值为（13.46±2.93）mmHg,NCT测得的平均值为（12.29±3.47）mmHg,两者之间差异有显著性（t=5.831,P〈0.001）;两种眼压计眼压测量值呈正相关（r=0.852,P〈0.001）。Goldmann眼压计眼压测量值和NCT眼压测量值均与CCT呈正相关,r值分别为0.424（P〈0.001）和0.568（P〈0.001）。Goldmann眼压计眼压测量值与NCT眼压测量值的差值与CCT呈负相关（r=-0.402,P〈0.001）。去除CCT因素影响后,两种眼压计眼压测量值的残差差异无显著性（t=-0.272,P=0.787）。结论Goldmann眼压计与NCT眼压计眼压测量值均受CCT的影响，CCT对NCT眼压测量值的影响更大；两种眼压计眼压测量值的差异可能来源于个体CCT的差异。     

Relationship Between Corneal Hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor with Other Ocular Parameters

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) with age, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (KM), corneal volume (CV), and refractive error in naïve eyes. Methods: 105 healthy subjects (58 male and 47 female) were included in this study. The ages ranged from 19 to 82 years (mean 43.1?±?15.4 years) and refraction between ?11?D and +6?D (mean ?0.79?±?2.95?D). CH and CRF obtained with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) were correlated with age, refractive error, Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT), and with CCT, KM, CV obtained with the Pentacam, and with Corneal-Compensated Intraocular Pressure (IOPcc) and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure measurement (IOPg) obtained with ORA. A multivariable mixed effect model was used to evaluate associations among these parameters. Results: CH ranged from 6.9 to 14.6?mmHg (mean 10.26?±?1.49?mmHg); CRF ranged from 5.8 to 17?mmHg (mean 10.38?±?1.64?mmHg). Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between CH with CCT (p?<?0.001), and KM (p?<?0.001), and between CRF with CCT (p?<?0.001) and GAT (p?<?0.001). Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that CH and CRF are related to the corneal shape and thickness, and show a decrease of CH with age.     

A case of congenital corneal anesthesia with hypopyon in china

 PURPOSE: To report a case of congenital corneal anesthesia (CCA) associated with hypopyon and tactile hypoesthesia. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 3-year-old girl presented with redness and mild photophobia in the left eye accompanied by corneal ulcer, hypopyon, and corneal neovascularization. Corneal sensation was reduced bilaterally. She exhibited an absence of normal response to painful stimuli. She also had extensive ulceration of the lateral borders and tip of the tongue. The left corneal biopsy revealed negative cultures for bacteria and fungi. She was treated with human amniotic membrane transplantation in the left eye. The response to treatment was good. CONCLUSION: This is the first case of CCA reported in China. CCA is often misdiagnosed as infectious keratitis. Amniotic membrane transplantation is effective in repairing the severe corneal ulcer which may be associated with CCA.     

Biomechanics and structure of the cornea: implications and association with corneal disorders

Recent studies have shown that alterations in corneal biomechanical properties are associated with corneal pathologies, particularly corneal ectasia. Moreover, these alterations may have implications with regard to the outcomes of therapeutic modalities and corneal refractive surgeries. We address corneal anatomy and its relevance to corneal biomechanical characteristics, as well as ocular and systemic conditions associated with changes in corneal biomechanics.     

A new multiple noncontinuous puncture (pointage) technique for corneal tattooing

AIM:To assess the safety and cosmetic efficacy of a new multiple noncontinuous transepithelial puncture technique for tattooing a decompensated cornea.METHODS:It was anon-comparative clinical case series study.The study examines 33 eyes in 33 patients with total corneal opacity due to corneal decompensation, which developed following intraocular surgery.Corneal tattooing was performed using the multiple noncontinuous transepithelial puncture technique (i.e. pointage). The safety of this new surgical strategy was assessed by occurrence of adverse events for the follow-up period. The cosmetic efficacy was determined by the patient’s cosmetic satisfaction and independent observer’s opinion about patient appearance.RESULTS:Seven women and 26 men were included in the study. The mean age was 46.4±17.5y (range:7-67). In total, 30 of 33 patients (91%) reported cosmetic satisfaction within the follow-up period. Only 3 patients (9%) required additional tattooing due to cosmetic unsatisfaction. Cosmetic outcomes were analyzed and classified as excellent or good in 13 (39%) and 17 (52%) patients, respectively. No serious adverse events developed, except delayed epithelial healing in 3 cases.CONCLUSION:The cosmetic outcomes of the multiple noncontinuous transepithelial puncture technique for corneal tattooing were good. The safety of this method is higher than conventional procedures. This new procedure also provides improved cost-effectiveness and safety over current corneal tattooing techniques.     

角膜基质透镜在角膜溃疡或穿孔修复中的应用

目的：研究由全飞秒激光SMILE手术所得的角膜基质透镜作为角膜移植材料治疗角膜溃疡的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性病例研究。收集本院2017-01/06角膜溃疡患者6例6眼,其中细菌性、真菌性、深层异物伴感染各1例1眼,角膜穿孔3例3眼。采用由全飞秒激光SMILE手术所得的角膜基质透镜作为角膜移植的材料进行修复手术,确保植片与角膜层间无空气间隙。术后随访1～6(平均3.71±1.56)mo,观察手术前后视力、角膜移植物存活情况及术后并发症发生情况等。

结果：所有患者均在控制感染下顺利完成手术,无术中并发症。术后所有角膜植片透明。末次随访时,患者最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)较术前明显改善(0.48±0.12 vs 1.50±0.08),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论：来源于全飞秒激光屈光手术的角膜基质透镜用于角膜溃疡修复是安全有效的,但植片的远期疗效尚需进一步观察。     

Anterior amorphous corneal opacity and corneal thinning

PurposeTo present the clinical features of four cases with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity.MethodsA retrospective study in four patients with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity was conducted. Examinations included visual acuity, keratometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence topography, and histology.ResultsThree female and one male patients (mean age, 52.3 ± 8.9 years) showed bilaterally oval, amorphous sheetlike corneal opacities with central depression and thinning. Superior limbal opacities were observed in two of these patients. The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to 20/400, and the mean of the keratometry was 39.81 ± 3.97 D (diopters). They had mild dry eyes. The anterior segment optical coherence topography demonstrated hyporeflective abnormalities in the anterior depressed stroma in these four patients. Confocal microscopy revealed large round cells at the epithelial layer in one patient, and amorphous opacities with some strand-shaped opacities in the anterior stroma in all four patients. The mean of the corneal endothelial cells density in the eight eyes was 1521 ± 402 cells/mm². Central corneal stromalysis occurred in three patients, and descemetocele developed in two eyes. One patient received penetrating keratoplasty and two underwent lamellar keratoplasty. The histology of the corneal specimen revealed edematous basal epithelial cells, focal collagen disorganization in the thin stroma, and wartlike excrescences in a thickened Descemet's membrane.ConclusionAnterior amorphous corneal opacity is a rare keratopathy and may be one kind of rare corneal degeneration or dystrophy. Corneal stromalysis may occur in hyporefrective amorphous opacities and progress to descemetocele.     

过夜配戴角膜矫形镜(OK镜)后角膜曲率及厚度变化

目的了解过夜配戴角膜矫形镜(OK镜)后早期角膜曲率、角膜厚度及屈光度的变化.方法14个中低度近视患者(平均屈光度-3.89±1.26D)25眼,随机分成2组分别配戴Dk值不同的角膜矫形镜BE角膜矫形镜组(7人12眼,Dk≈140);E&E角膜矫形镜组(7人13眼,Dk＝58).采用夜戴方式,平均配戴时间10.76±1.27小时.用Orbscan角膜地形图系统检查配戴1晚后角膜曲率、角膜厚度的改变.同时记录裸眼视力及屈光度的改变.结果配戴1晚后所有患者的中央及周边的角膜均增厚(P＜0.05).Orbscan角膜地形图SimK值在垂直轴及水平轴均变平(垂直轴△SimK0.94±0.56D,P＜0.001;水平轴△SimK0.996=0.68D,P＜0.001).裸眼视力平均提高0.4±0.24(P＜0.001).屈光度平均减少-1.85±0.82D(P＜0.001).Dk值不同的2组之间中央及颞上方位点角膜增厚程度的差别有统计学意义.结论过夜配戴角膜矫形镜后减低近视屈光度的效果明显.初次过夜配戴角膜矫形镜可导致角膜厚度轻度增加.     

美容性角膜覆盖术疗效观察

目的:评价美容性角膜覆盖术治疗角膜(角巩膜)葡萄肿的临床效果。方法:对22例角膜(角巩膜)葡萄肿患者进行了美容性角膜覆盖术治疗。术后对所有病例的临床效果进行了随访观察。结果:22例均治愈,残留部分视力的2例的视力术后有所改善(2例2眼从术前手动/眼前到术后指数/眼前)。22例无1例发生排斥,角膜覆盖片的颜色除第1例因缺乏经验术眼的颜色明显深于对侧正常或正常人群眼的颜色外,其它无1例褪色。结论:应用角膜覆盖术治疗角膜(角巩膜)葡萄肿22例(22眼)临床证明疗效确实、安全可靠。     

使用猪角膜脱细胞基质的人板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎的临床观察

目的:观察猪角膜脱细胞基质构建的生物角膜支架用于人角膜板层移植术治疗药物难以控制的浅层真菌性角膜炎的效果.方法:对2015-06/2016-03我院收治的16例16眼真菌性角膜炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.16例真菌性角膜炎进行猪角膜脱细胞基质移植,术后随访6mo.对患者术后视力、角膜植片情况、并发症及复发情况进行分析.结果:术后7~10d植片角膜上皮化.16例病例术后1mo角膜水肿,1mo后角膜水肿消失,角膜逐渐透明.术后1mo有2例出现术眼角膜上皮缺损,药物治疗均恢复.术后出现眼压高3例,给予降眼压治疗后眼压控制.随访期间未出现角膜溶解、感染复发、排斥现象.术后1、3、6mo视力分别为1.27±0.22,1.11±0.13,0.79±0.22,术后视力均较术前明显提高,术后1mo视力与术前相比无统计学差异(P=0.06),术后3、6mo视力与术前相比具有明显统计学差异(P=0.01、0.001);其中术后3mo与术后1mo视力相比无明显提高,结果无统计学差异(P=0.11),而术后6mo视力较术后1、3mo均有明显提高,结果具有显著统计学差异(P<0.001).结论:猪角膜脱细胞基质移植治疗真菌性角膜炎是安全、有效的方法.