螺旋CT在眼部异物诊断中的应用

目的 运用螺旋CT对眼部异物进行定性和定位检查，以期了解螺旋CT在眼部异物诊断中的优缺点。方法 对52例可疑眼部异物患者，采用螺旋CT的横切、冠状位扫描、CT多平面重建和／或表面覆盖法重建。结果 发现眼内或眶内异物存留者20例，其中普通X线未显影而螺旋CT显影者8例，并可基本确诊异物的位置，漏诊1例。结论 螺旋CT对眼内、眶内异物的诊断具有特殊的价值，尤其对细小异物和重要部位异物的诊断具有重要意义。     

Helical and conventional CT in the imaging of metallic foreign bodies in the orbit

PURPOSE: To compare helical CT to conventional CT imaging in the assessment of orbital metallic foreign bodies with regard to image quality, scanning time, and radiation exposure. METHODS: Twenty-four standardized metallic foreign bodies, placed into the orbit (anterior, epibulbar, posterior) of cadaver heads were studied. Helical CT scanning in the axial plane with multiplanar reconstruction of coronal and sagittal images was performed as well as conventional CT imaging with direct scanning in the axial and the coronal planes (Tomoscan SR 7000, Philips, The Netherlands). Two masked observers consensually graded the studies using 5 predetermined criteria. Radiation dose delivered to the lens and scanning time were measured for the helical and the conventional CT imaging workup. RESULTS: Helical CT imaging scored statistically significantly better with regard to overall accuracy of foreign body localization and presence of beam-hardening streak artifacts from dental fillings. Conventional CT scored significantly better with regard to stair-step artifacts. The radiation dose delivered to the lens was 35.4 mGy for helical CT imaging and 73.9 mGy for conventional CT workup (axial and coronal scanning). Total scanning time was 18 seconds for helical CT axial scanning and 104 seconds for conventional CT axial and coronal scanning. CONCLUSION: Helical CT is superior to conventional CT imaging, because it can provide adequate information about orbital metallic foreign bodies with a single acquisition, thus reducing both the number of examinations and the radiation exposure for the patient.     

多层螺旋CT多向调整多平面图像重建对眼外伤的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）扫描技术及多向调整多平面图像重建（MPR）对眼外伤的诊断价值。方法 100例（102眼）眼外伤在16层螺旋CT容积扫描的基础上,进行多平面重建及三维重建。结果各种类型的眼眶骨折99眼,视神经损伤4眼,眼球损伤30眼,眶内软组织损伤38眼,以及眼内异物7眼均得出明确诊断。结论 MSCT容积扫描的多向调整MPR更能全面、准确对诊断眼外伤,为临床治疗和评估预后提供重要的依据,是眼外伤影像检查的首选。     

眼内异物CT定位图的设计和应用

目的 评价眼内异物CT定位图在眼内异物定位中的有效性和准确性。方法 参阅CT水平或冠状扫描序列片将显影异物按照测量结果标画在相应的眼内异物CT定位图上，然后根据异物所在的经线和深度进行手术摘出异物。结果 47例(47眼)眼内异物中，有40例为眼内磁性金属异物，采用此法定位，全部迅速、准确地摘出异物。结论 眼内异物CT定位图应用在眼内异物的定位中，简便易行、迅速准确，特别适用眼内磁性金属异物定位。     

Hyphema caused by a metallic intraocular foreign body during magnetic resonance imaging

PURPOSE: To report a 63-year-old man with a retained intraocular foreign body who developed a hyphema during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. METHODS: Case report and review of the current literature on ocular injury caused by intraocular foreign bodies when subjected to an electromagnetic field. RESULTS: Our patient underwent a brain MRI, and the intraocular foreign body caused a hyphema and increased intraocular pressure. The presence and location of the intraocular foreign body were determined by computed tomography (CT). CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging can cause serious ocular injury in patients with ferromagnetic intraocular foreign bodies. This case demonstrates the importance of obtaining an occupational history, and, when indicated, a skull x-ray or CT to rule out intraocular foreign body before an MRI study.     

玻璃体切割术治疗异物引起的眼球贯通伤

目的评价异物引起的眼球贯通伤行玻璃体切割术的治疗效果,探讨异物取出的手术路径和玻璃体切割手术时机的选择。方法回顾性系列病例研究。由异物导致的眼球贯通伤56例（56眼）。根据CT和B超检查结果联合定位,分为球壁异物组（24例）和眶内异物组（32例）。24例球壁异物在伤后1周内均通过玻璃体视网膜手术取出异物。32例眶内异物中有22例先行眶内异物取出联合后巩膜伤口缝合术。10例因异物位于后极部或眶深部未行取出术。所有眶内异物组患眼均于伤后2周左有行玻璃体视网膜手术修复眼内组织。随访3-12个月,观察术后视力和并发症。以卡方检验分析影响术后视力的冈素。结果玻璃体切割术后,50例（89％）患者视力较术前提高,34例（61％）术后最佳矫正视力≥0．05。异物人口位置（X^2=7．69,P=0．01）、出口位置（X^2=21．83,P〈0．01）、视网膜脱离（X^2=-16．64,P〈0．01）、脉络膜脱离（X^2=7．73,P=0．01）以及眼内感染（X^2=6．89．P=0．01）对术后视力影响较大。术后6例发生视网膜脱离,2例低眼压,12例发生黄斑前膜或皱褶。结论根据异物的位置和眼内情况选择恰当的手术路径和玻璃体切割的手术时机,最大限度地减少手术对视网膜组织的损伤及预防增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变是成功治疗眼球贯通伤的关键。     

多层螺旋CT在眼球异物立体精确定位的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT眼球异物立体定位方法及临床应用价值。方法98例眼外伤中35只眼球内、39枚异物行多层螺旋CT扫描立体定位,以入院术中取出为“金标准”来衡量多层螺旋CT对眼球异物立体定位的准确率,球内壁、球外壁空间定位的精确性。结果多层螺旋CT对39枚球内异物的诊断,35枚完全符合,符合率89.7%,4例非金属异物于眼球前部未显示而不符,达10.3%。35枚异物的方位及角巩膜缘距,对照术中定位准确率100%;异物位于球内壁、球外壁的判断的空间精确率（18/18）100%;同时明确球内并发症及周围解剖关系。结论多层螺旋CT对所能显示的异物的精确定位,具有简便准确可靠特点,因此有条件尽可能用多层螺旋CT一次性解决眼球内异物定位。     

眼眶内植物性异物14例患者的临床研究

目的:分析眶内植物性异物14例患者的临床影像学特征及手术方法。方法:回顾性分析我院眼科2010-01/2019-04收治的眼眶植物性异物外伤的14例14眼患者资料,总结其临床表现、影像学特征、手术方法。结果:选取的14例14眼患者均在术中取出植物性异物。14眼患者眼眶CT三维重建检查,9眼显示异物为低密度伴周围软组织炎性反应。CT影像因异物性质不同表现各异,软质异物无特征性CT影像。外伤后手术切口Ⅰ期愈合,有不同程度的伤口瘢痕形成。结论:眶内植物性异物性质特殊,术前充分准备,制定个体化手术方案,对术中完整取出异物、降低手术难度十分重要。     

眶内非金属异物25例临床分析

目的 总结眶内非金属异物的临床特征及诊治方法.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2002至2009年经手术证实的眶内非金属异物患者资料25例,总结临床表现、影像学征象、治疗与随访结果.结果 外伤性异物23例,包括:植物性异物11例,玻璃、油脂和石块各3例,塑料笔头2例,爆竹残渣1例.另2例为医源性异物.特征性临床表现为眶周皮肤或结膜瘘道,共11例,发生率为44%,以植物性异物最为多见.CT征象因异物性质不同而各异.植物性异物在外伤早期呈低密度,随时间延长密度逐渐增高,压缩窗宽,异物显示更加清晰.油脂异物表现为与脂肪相近的低密度,石块和玻璃表现为高密度块影.植物性异物在MRI的T1和T2加权像均呈低信号,周围的脓液在T2加权像呈环形高信号影,异物周围的炎性组织强化明显.油脂异物在T1和T2加权像均呈高信号,脂肪抑制显像呈低信号.所有患者均在全身麻醉下接受眶内异物清除术,均经一次手术清除全部异物及周围腐烂组织,感染伤口一期不予缝合.术后半年随访,伤口愈合良好,症状改善,未见与手术相关并发症.结论 眶内非金属异物种类较多,病情复杂各异,处置不当易眶内残留.CT为首选检查方法.正确认识病史及临床表现,运用恰当的手术技巧,彻底清除异物,预后良好.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,diagnostic methods and treatment of intraorbital nonmetallic foreign body injuries. Methods In a retrospective study,the records of 25 consecutive cases with nonmetallic foreign bodies in the orbit confirmed by surgery were analyzed with special attention to the types of injury,history,clinical manifestations,imaging findings,treatment and follow-up results. Results Among 25 cases with nonmetallic foreign bodies,23 cases were caused by trauma,including 11 cases with wooden bodies,3 cases with glass,grease,or stone,2 cases with plastic pen point,and one case with firecrackers. The remaining two cases had iatrogenic foreign bodies. The distinctive clinical manifestation was the periorbital fistula recorded in 11 (44%) cases,mostly in patients with wooden foreign bodies. The CT findings were different in various foreign bodies. The wooden foreign bodies showed low density in the acute stage and the density increased gradually from the acute to the chronic stage. CT images with lower windows could distinguish a wooden foreign body better. The grease was seen as low density mimicking orbital fat on CT. The stone or glass showed as masses with high density. Wooden foreign bodies displayed low signals on both MRI T1- and T2-weighted images. The surrounding pus was seen as a ring with high signal on T2-weighted images. The inflammatory infiltration showed marked enhancement. The grease displayed high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images and showed lower signal than that of the fat. All patients underwent surgical removal of retained foreign bodies and the surrounding decomposed tissues. The infected wounds were not sutured at one stage operation. After follow-up for 6 months,all wounds healed normally and all patients recovered well No complications were encountered.Conclusions There are various types of intraorbital nonmetallic foreign bodies. The clinical manifestations of these different foreign bodies are complex. CT is the preferred examination for this condition. With the combination of correct diagnosis,proper surgical skills,and complete removal of foreign bodies and surrounding decomposed tissues,nonmetallic foreign bodies can be treated efficiently.     

微创玻切"L"形切口在眼内大异物摘出术中的应用

目的:评估在微创玻璃体切除术中应用睫状体平坦部"L"形切口摘出后段眼内大异物的效果。方法:采用双向性队列研究,分析2013年1月至2019年6月南方医科大学附属小榄医院后段眼内大异物29例(29眼)。根据术前CT和(或)B超检查确定后段眼内异物的长及宽,根据异物最大宽度(W)分组,以W≤3 mm、3 mm5 mm分成A、B、C 3组。A组及C组分别通过常规与角膜缘平行的睫状体平坦部"一"形扩大切口和角膜缘切口摘出异物。B组通过睫状体平坦部"L"形切口摘出异物。术后随访6个月以上。结果:A组13例,B组8例,C组8例;其中B组摘出异物长度为(5.4±2.9)mm,最大宽度为(2.2±0.8)mm,厚度为(1.6±0.9)mm。所有异物均一次手术摘出成功,末次随访视网膜均在位。术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生率:C组(4例,50%)>B组(2例,25.0%)>A组(2例,15.4%);C组合并术后角膜溃疡穿孔1例(12.5%)。术后B组1例(12.5%)复发性视网膜脱离,手术后复位。3组均无严重并发症。结论:在微创玻璃体切除术摘出后段较大异物中,经睫状体平坦部"L"形切口手术成功率高,术后并发症少。     

玻璃体切割联合小直径球内异物取出术临床疗效

目的:探讨玻璃体切割联合球内异物取出术治疗眼球内异物伤(异物直径≤3mm)的临床疗效。方法:选择2006-01/2010-01来我院治疗的眼内异物伤患者25例25眼,采用玻璃体切割联合球内异物取出术,13例13眼术中部分或全部保留晶状体前囊膜。随访6mo,18例18眼二期植入人工晶状体或缝合固定,随访处理并发症。分析手术适应证,手术并发症,术后疗效。结果:患者25例25眼均一期成功取出球内异物。睫状体脱离1例药物治疗痊愈。视网膜脱离患者行玻璃体切割注硅油术后视网膜复位。随访6mo时视力提高者23眼,无变化2眼。结论:玻璃体切割联合球内异物取出术治疗眼球内异物伤(异物直径≤3mm)是有效的临床治疗方法。     

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the detection and localization of intraocular foreign bodies

In this experimental study, various foreign bodies were inserted into fresh bovine eyes, in different localizations. Twenty-one magnetic and non-magnetic foreign bodies, dimensions of which varied from 1.5 × 1.5 × 2 mm to 3.5 × 6 × 7 mm, were tried to detect by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. In addition, further dissections were applied to check the ocular damage attributable to movement of the foreign bodies. Ferromagnetic foreign bodies have been shown to move in the eye and the risk of torsional forces being applied to the ferromagnetic foreign body seemed to cause intraocular complications during MRI scanning. All of the foreign bodies that were implanted in bovine eyes were recognized on CT scanning, except intraocular lenses. As a general rule, metallic foreign bodies produced beamhardening artifacts, but these artifacts did not cause any problem in detecting the localizations of foreign bodies.     

眼铁质沉着症的临床分析

目的:探讨眼铁质沉着症(ocular siderosis)的临床特点及治疗方案。方法:对我院2002年1月至2006年12月收治的64例眼铁沉着症患者进行回顾性分析。结果:56例手术取出残留的异物,其中33例异物最大长径≤2.0mm,位于下方睫状体扁平部或锯齿缘附近26例;眼眶X光正侧位照片联合薄骨位照片异物显影阳性率76.56%,超声生物显微镜(Ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)异物显影阳性率47.62%;晶状体前囊铁锈沉着发生率100%,继发性青光眼发生率7.69%,视网膜脱离发生率13.84%;视网膜电流图(Electroretino-gram,ERG)karpe分期Ⅲ期占7/10和Ⅳ期占3/10;56例患者作了眼内异物取出,异物取出率100%,术中发现16.07%病例异物磁性消失。结论:眼铁质沉着症残留的异物以最大长径≤2.0mm为主,主要位于下方睫状体扁平部或锯齿缘附近;眼眶X光照片为首选的检查方法,UBM可作为眼前段异物影像学检查辅助手段;ERG改变以karpe分期的Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期为主;玻璃体手术是取出眼内异物最有效的治疗手段。眼科学报2007;23:231-237.     

CT检查在眼外伤中的临床应用价值

目的探讨cT检查在眼外伤中临床应用价值。方法回顾分析52例（84眼）急诊眼外伤的CT检查资料。结果52例（84眼）CT检查均发现异常,包括眶内异物、眼内异物、眶骨骨折、眶内软组织伤、晶状体脱位、晶状体脱出、眼球变形和复合性损伤等。结论CT是眼外伤的首选检查方法,可为临床诊断和手术提供重要依据。     

Missed intraocular foreign body masquerading as intraocular inflammation: two cases

To report two cases with missed intraocular foreign body masquerading as intraocular inflammation. The first patient was referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of a traumatic cataract. She had a history of ocular trauma. The clinical examination revealed intraocular inflammation and a mature cataract. Plain X-ray did not reveal a foreign body. She underwent a successful cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation 1 month after the initial examination. Two months after the surgery she returned with visual impairment and intraocular inflammation. The foreign body was discovered on the surface of the iris during the follow-up. The second patient was referred to us for endophthalmitis. He denied ocular trauma. Plain X-ray, computerized tomography, and ultrasonography did not show a foreign body, but because of clinical suspicion, surgery was scheduled. In both patients the intraocular foreign bodies in the anterior chamber were removed successfully by a limbal approach. The patients remained symptom free after the foreign bodies were removed. The intraocular inflammation did not persist. A history of ocular trauma, unexplained intraocular inflammation, or intraocular inflammation unresponsive to the standard therapies should alert the physician to the presence of an intraocular foreign body. Further investigations should be performed in these cases to detect the foreign body.     

巨大球内异物经巩膜取出12例临床分析

目的:探讨外路手术取出巨大球内异物的临床疗效。方法:选择我院眼外伤科收治的符合纳入标准的12例12眼巨大球内异物患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析、总结。结果:所有患者均一次性取出异物,随访6～12(平均9)mo。8眼视力提高,3眼视力无明显改变,1眼并发视网膜脱离后行玻璃体切割手术。结论:对于符合条件的巨大球内异物,外路取出术简单、经济,恢复快。     

眼内磁性异物摘出的临床观察

探讨64排螺旋CT定位下眼球内磁性异物摘出的临床效果。 方法：对48例48眼眼球内磁性异物患者进行回顾性分析。其中32例巩膜探查摘出异物后,24例再行白内障超声乳化并人工晶状体植入术,8例行玻璃体切割,摘出异物的同时清除玻璃体积血或积脓。 结果：一期异物全部摘出。术后视力全部不同程度地提高。 结论：64排螺旋CT定位下眼球内磁性异物摘出是眼球内异物摘出的一种有效方法     

B型超声和CT检查在眼外伤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨B型超声和CT检查在眼外伤诊断中的价值.方法 对2003年10月至2007年12月的168例(169只眼)眼外伤的B型超声和CT检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果 25例眼球外伤?怂 中晶体脱位1例,眼内异物9例,玻璃体出血6例,眼球破裂9例,B超和CT均有阳性发现.144例眼眶外伤中软组织挫伤24例,B超和CT均有阳性发现;视神经挫伤15例,其中5例视神经管骨折,对视神经管骨折的揭示CT要优于B超;眶内气肿15例,10例超声有阳性发现,15例CT均有阳性发现.CT的显示率明显高于B超;眶内血肿6例,B超和CT均有阳性发现,其中2例骨膜下血肿CT显示更为清晰;眶内异物12例,B超的揭示率不如CT;眼眶骨折72例,B超的诊断作用很小,主要借助于CT诊断.结论 影像学检查对眼外伤的诊断有重要的价值.     

B型超声和CT检查在眼外伤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨B型超声和CT检查在眼外伤诊断中的价值.方法 对2003年10月至2007年12月的168例(169只眼)眼外伤的B型超声和CT检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果 25例眼球外伤?怂 中晶体脱位1例,眼内异物9例,玻璃体出血6例,眼球破裂9例,B超和CT均有阳性发现.144例眼眶外伤中软组织挫伤24例,B超和CT均有阳性发现;视神经挫伤15例,其中5例视神经管骨折,对视神经管骨折的揭示CT要优于B超;眶内气肿15例,10例超声有阳性发现,15例CT均有阳性发现.CT的显示率明显高于B超;眶内血肿6例,B超和CT均有阳性发现,其中2例骨膜下血肿CT显示更为清晰;眶内异物12例,B超的揭示率不如CT;眼眶骨折72例,B超的诊断作用很小,主要借助于CT诊断.结论 影像学检查对眼外伤的诊断有重要的价值.