卫校学生睡眠状况调查与相关因素分析

运用睡眠状况自评量表（SRSS）及自拟调查问卷对卫校在校学生进行抽样调查，结果发现560名卫校在校学生中睡眠状态异常者占54．28％，显著高于全国常模45．6％。其中轻度睡眠问题者占44．10％，显著高于全国常模35．6％。560名学生的睡眠问题依次为因子10、1、4、8、3、5、2、7、8、9。生活单调，住宿条件差，生活事件及人际关系是导致卫校学生睡眠状态异常的主要因素。     

护理专业男生的心理健康状况和个性研究

目的了解高校男护生心理健康状况及个性特点。方法应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、卡特尔16种个性因素问卷（16PF）和自制调查问卷．对某高校护理系60名男生（以下简称A组）、护理系60名女生（以下简称B组）和60名本校非男护生（C组）进行心理健康状况和个性调查。结果①SCL-90结果：A组的强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖、偏执因子分显著高于B组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;A组的总分、强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、偏执因子分显著高于C组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;②16PF结果：A组和C组在稳定性、兴奋性、敢为性、忧虑性和紧张性方面有显著差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论男护生的心理健康水平相对较低．且存在不良个性心理特征．应采取各种措施促进其心理和个性健康发展。     

护理专业学生职业成熟度的调查

目的比较某校中专,大专,本科不同学历的护理专业学生职业成熟度差异,为针对性的对学生进行就业指导和职业生涯规划提供依据。方法运用职业成熟度量表测试某校中专,大专,本科护理专业学生职业成熟度。结果①中专,大专护生职业成熟度均高于本科护生。中专护生与大专护生职业成熟度无显著性差异（p〉0.05）;②绝大多数因子间的发展不平衡,中专护生在主动性、灵活性、职业自我知识、专业知识因子方面高于本科护生;大专护生在主动性、自信心、职业自我知识、专业知识因子方面高于本科护生。结论不同学历的护生对将来从事的职业的看法和职业成熟度不近相同,每个护生都应量体裁衣,保持平和心态,给自己一个合理而正确的定位。     

医专学生考试焦虑状况调查

目的了解医学生考试焦虑状况,为降低学生焦虑水平提供理论依据。方法采用Zung氏焦虑自评量表（SAS）分别在考试前后对医专学生进行无记名问卷调查。结果①考试前学生焦虑状态的发生率为21．92％,而考试后为11．98％,两者之间差异显著（χ^2=13．414,P〈0．001）;②考前男生焦虑状态的发生率占其人数的29．29％,女生占14．69％。两者之间差异显著（χ^2=12．791,P〈0．001）;考后男女生焦虑状态的发生率无显著差异（χ^2=1．172,P=0．279）。③不同年级焦虑状况比较,考试前一年级焦虑状态的发生率占其人数的11．76％,二年级学生占29．87％,三年级学生占22．69％．3个年级之间差异显著（χ^2=13．99,P〈0．001）;而考试后3个年级焦虑状态的发生率之间无差异显著（χ^2=1．413,P=0．493）。结论医学生在考试前有强烈的焦虑反应。提示学校要采取综合措施以降低学生考试焦虑水平。     

高校护生睡眠质量及与焦虑抑郁情绪的关系研究

目的调查高校护生的睡眠质量和影响因素，研究其与焦虑抑郁情绪的关系；为提高护生的睡眠质量提供依据。方法以睡眠状况自评量表（SRSS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）以及自评抑郁量表（SDs）为评价工具，调查护生的睡眠质量及焦虑抑郁状况的发生率。结果①护生SRSS总分为23．30±5．658，与中国常模问的差异有统计学意义（Z=2．12，P〈0．05）。性别、担任班委否、恋爱否这3个因素影响护生睡眠质量；②护生的SAS、SDS总分分别为35．00±10．177和27．39±9．171；焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率分别为16．00％和21．00％；⑧相关分析表明，SRSS总分以及觉醒不足、入睡困难、睡眠不稳、早醒、恶梦夜惊和失眠后反应这6个因子的得分与SAS、SDS总分呈显著正相关；④回归分析表明，SRSS的10个因子中，入睡困难和恶梦夜惊被选入SAS回归模型；恶梦夜惊和睡眠不稳被选入SDS回归模型。结论高校护理专业学生的睡眠质量较差，性别、担任班委否、恋爱否以及焦虑抑郁情绪是影响护生睡眠质量的重要因素。     

中专医士班学生情绪障碍调查分析

为探讨中专医士班学生的情绪障碍，采用SAS、SDS和自编的学生心理状态调查表，对135名学生进行调查，发现26名（19．26％）学生有焦虑情绪，31名（21．84％）学生有抑郁情绪．提示在学校积极开展心理咨询和精神卫生保健是必要的．     

高职生安全感与自尊的相关研究

目的探讨高职生自尊与安全感的关系。方法采用自尊量表(SES)和安全感量表(SQ)对289名高职生进行调查。结果①恋爱学生的自尊水平显著高于非恋爱学生(F=8.34,P<0.01),独生子女的自尊水平显著高于非独生子女(F=4.33,P<0.05);高职生的自尊在性别、生源、家庭类型、专业和年级上差异不显著(P>0.05);②恋爱学生安全感的得分显著高于非恋爱学生(F=6.42,P<0.01);大二高职生的安全感得分显著高于大一高职生(t=-2.594,P<0.01);高职生的安全感在性别、生源、家庭类型、是否独生子女和专业上差异不显著(P>0.05);③高职生的自尊与安全感存在显著的正相关。结论安全感是影响高职生自尊的一个重要因素。     

对104对恋人依恋现状的调查分析

目的调查104对恋人的依恋现状。方法运用亲密关系经历量表（ECR）对新疆高校104对有恋爱关系的大学生进行调查。结果①安全型、冷漠型、倾注型、害怕型的比例依次为10％、12％、24％、54％;②维族大学生依恋回避和依恋焦虑两个维度均显著高于汉族学生,理科生依恋回避显著高于文科生;大四学生依恋焦虑显著高于其他年级。结论有恋爱关系的大学生,依恋焦虑得分较高,不安全型居多。     

医学院校护生恋爱及恋爱暴力行为发生情况分析

调查并了解医学院校护生恋爱状况及恋爱暴力发生情况,为大学生恋爱暴力行为干预提供一定依据.用现况研究的方法,整群随机选取某医学院校的1018名在校护生为调查对象,对其恋爱、恋爱暴力行为进行匿名问卷调查,分析恋爱暴力行为发生情况及其特点.结果显示:1018名医学院校在校护生中41.6％的护生有恋爱经历.男生的平均恋爱次数多...     

人际关系对中专护生孤独感和负性情绪的中介作用

目的:调查中专护理专业学生人际关系、孤独感和负性情绪现状,探讨人际关系的作用。方法:采用人际关系综合诊断量表、UCLA孤独量表和抑郁-焦虑-压力量表对1212名专护生进行调查。结果:中专护生抑郁、焦虑、压力情绪检出率分别为26.8%、63.5%、3.5%;79.4%存在孤独感,人际关系不良比例为72.3%;恋爱可以减轻异性间交往困扰(t=-4.49,P0.05),独生子女护生的交际困扰更少(t=-2.15,P0.05)。人际关系、负性情绪、孤独感两两正相关(r=0.260～0.898,P0.01),人际关系在孤独感与负性情绪间起部分中介作用。结论:中专护生负性情绪以焦虑为主,孤独感和人际关系不良情况较普遍。人际关系、负性情绪、孤独感密切相关,对于有恋爱经历和独生的护生,改善人际关系有利于缓解孤独感和负性情绪。     

大学生恋爱与心理健康关系的调查研究

目的研究恋爱与大学生心理健康的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,按恋爱状态的不同将被试分成5组,利用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和恋爱基本情况调查问卷对其心理健康状况进行调查。结果 1恋爱中、没谈过恋爱但有这个计划、从来没想过要谈恋爱、曾有过恋爱体验但目前处于非恋爱期和失恋的人群分别占总人数的33.2%、26.23%、18.44%、19.67%和2.46%;2所有被试的心理健康水平均在正常范围之内,不同性别、年级和恋爱状况的学生的心理健康状况之间的差异无统计学意义。结论各种不同的恋爱状态的大学生心理健康水平的差异无统计学意义,即恋爱对被调查的大学生的心理健康未见明显影响。     

Health science learning academy: a successful "pipeline" educational program for high school students.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the Health Professions Partnership Initiative is to increase the number of underrepresented minority Georgia residents who become health care professionals by (1) creating a pipeline of well-qualified high school and college students interested in health care careers, (2) increasing the number of well-qualified applicants to medical and other health professions schools, and (3) increasing the number of underrepresented minority students at the Medical College of Georgia (MCG). DESCRIPTION: The Health Professions Partnership Initiative at MCG was created in 1996 by collaboration among the MCG Schools of Medicine and Nursing, two Augusta high schools attended primarily by underrepresented minority students, three historically black colleges and universities, the Fort Discovery National Science Center of Augusta, community service organizations, and MCG student organizations. The project was funded by the Association of American Medical Colleges and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The high school component, the Health Science Learning Academy (HSLA), was designed to strengthen the students' educational backgrounds and interest in professional careers as evidenced by increased standardized test scores and numbers of students entering college and health professions schools. Additional goals included a system to track students' progress throughout the pipeline as well as professional development sessions to enrich faculty members' knowledge and enhance their teaching expertise. The HSLA began with ninth-grade students from the two high schools. During its second year, funding from the Health 1st Foundation allowed inclusion of another high school and expansion to ninth grade through twelfth grade. The HSLA's enrichment classes meet for three hours on 18 Saturday mornings during the academic year and include computer-interactive SAT preparation and English composition (tenth grade); biology, algebra, calculus, and English composition (eleventh grade); and advanced mathematics and biology (twelfth grade). DISCUSSION: The ultimate solution to the paucity of underrepresented minority physicians resides largely in successful pipeline programs that expand the pool of well-qualified applicants, matriculants, and graduates from medical schools. Intermediate results of the HSLA support the success of the program. Since its creation in the 1996-1997 academic year, 203 students have participated in the HSLA and all 38 (from the original two schools) who completed the four-year program have enrolled in college. The mean SAT score for students who completed the HSLA program was 1,066, compared with a mean of 923 for all college-bound students in the participating schools. The mean increases in SAT scores for students who completed the four-year program were.5% (1,100 to 1,105) for students attending a magnet high school and 18% (929 to 1,130) for students attending the comprehensive high school. The mean overall increases in SAT scores for students in the two high schools were 1% (1,044 to 1,048) and 9.1% (765 to 834), respectively. The HSLA is accomplishing its goals and, while it is too early to know if these students will participate in MCAT preparatory programs and apply to medical and other health professions schools, their sustained commitment and enthusiasm bode well for continued success.     

小学生心理健康与家庭环境相关性分析

目的 了解小学生心理健康状况及其家庭环境影响因素,探讨小学生心理健康问题的干预对策.方法 采用小学生心理健康诊断测验(MHT)和家庭环境量表(FES)对柳州市4所小学三、四年级1781名小学生的心理健康状况及其家庭环境进行调查,用SPSS软件包统计分析.结果 小学生心理健康问题总分检出率为4.49%;除恐怖倾向外,其它各因子分男生高于女生,两组得分有显著性差异(P＜0.05);非独生子女的学习焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向3因子得分高于独生子女,有显著性差异(P＜0.05);三年级对人焦虑、孤独倾向、恐怖倾向3因子分高于四年级,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).四年级自责倾向、冲动倾向2因子分高于三年级,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).多元回归分析发现家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、组织性对小学生心理健康有积极影响;家庭环境中的矛盾性、独立性、成功性、道德宗教、控制性对小学生心理健康有消极影响.结论 家庭环境对小学生心理健康水平有重要影响,必须重视家庭环境各因素的作用.     

Predictors of tobacco control among nursing students.

As the most numerous health care providers, nurses could reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional survey of 476 junior and senior students at 12 schools of nursing in the New York metropolitan area was conducted, to determine nurse knowledge of tobacco control, their attitudes, beliefs, and practices. Overall, 76% of all nursing students reported that they practiced tobacco control. Current smokers were less likely to participate in tobacco control with targets ranging from the nurse herself to the community than either never or ex-smokers. Nurses were more likely to engage in tobacco control among individual, family, or group clients than to advocate for changes in the community. Student nurses who were African American or Hispanic, had never smoked or were ex-smokers, those who had better knowledge of cessation approaches, and those who tended to have more confidence in their cessation counseling skills were more likely to engage in multi-target tobacco control than other similar nurses.Tailored interventions that emphasize discrete counseling skills are suggested.     

医学生恋爱的主观幸福感比较分析

目的了解医学生不同恋爱状态的主观幸福感状况。方法应用幸福感指数量表和恋爱状况调查表对泸州医学院2006~2008级的临床、中西医、非医专业的455名学生进行分层随机抽样调查研究。结果①医学生总体的幸福感指数水平与幸福感指数量表的常模水平有显著性差异（t=-9.90,P〈0.05）;②不同性别、年级、专业的维度上医学生的主观幸福感均无显著性差异（t=-0.39,P〉0.05;F=2.28,1.16;P〉0.05）;③总体上正在恋爱与未恋爱的医学生的幸福感没有显著性差异（t=-0.460,P〉0.05）;但大二学生恋爱与未恋爱的幸福感存在显著性差异（t=2.09,P〈0.05）;④不同性别恋爱的医学生的幸福感没有显著性差异（t=-0.74,P〉0.05）;⑤不同年级恋爱的医学生的幸福感没有显著性差异（F=2.25,P〉0.05）;⑥不同专业恋爱的医学生的幸福感没有显著性差异（F=2.64,P〉0.05）。结论医学生幸福感总体水平偏低。大二正在恋爱与未恋爱的医学生幸福感有显著差异,其余维度无显著性差异;不同性别、年级、专业正在恋爱的医学生其主观幸福感均无显著性差异。     

边疆民族地区地方院校大学生手机成瘾现状

目的:调查边疆民族地区地方院校大学生手机成瘾现状。方法:用戒断症状、突显行为、社交抚慰、心境改变4个因子组成的手机成瘾问卷对571名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)边疆民族地区地方院校学生手机成瘾各因子中等水平人数最多(59.4%~75.7%),高手机成瘾者(13.8%~18.2%)和低成瘾者(10.5%~22.6%)相对较少;(2)在手机成瘾总分上,独生子女得分显著高于非独生子女(t=3.17,P0.01),谈恋爱者显著高于未谈恋爱者(t=2.28,P0.05),大一学生显著低于大三学生(F=5.98,P0.01);(3)在症状戒断因子得分上,独生子女显著高于非独生子女(t=3.14,P0.01),谈恋爱者显著高于未谈恋爱者(t=2.68,P0.01),城镇学生显著高于农村学生(t=2.18,P0.05),大一学生显著低于大三学生(F=4.98,P0.01);(4)在突显行为因子得分上,独生子女得分显著高于非独生子女(t=3.07,P0.01),大一、大二学生显著低于大三学生(F=10.15,P0.01);(5)在心境改变因子得分上,独生子女显著高于非独生子女(t=3.96,P0.01),谈恋爱的显著高于未恋爱的(t=1.99,P0.05),大一学生显著低于大三学生(F=4.18,P0.01)。结论:边疆地区地方院校学生手机成瘾程度较高,本研究中等以上成瘾人数达85.9%。     

内地民族初中生心理健康状况和结构特征调查研究

目的探析内地民族初中生心理健康状况及特征。方法采用中学生心理健康量表(MSSMHS)对215名内地民族初中生进行测试。结果①内地民族初中女生焦虑和抑郁显著高于男生(t=6.10,6.73;P<0.05);②不同年级的内地民族初中生心理健康10个方面均差异显著(F=3.9～7.9,P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001),多重比较结果显示了八年级得分均显著高于七年级和九年级;③内地民族初中生心理健康各因子得分普遍显著高于城市初中生与流动学生(t=2.3～9.31,P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001)但低于山区初中生(t=2.21～5.91,P<0.05或P<0.001);④各因子呈中等以上显著相关(r=0.41～0.79,P<0.001),因素分析抽取了1个因子。结论内地民族初中生心理健康问题明显且心理健康结构复杂、变化剧烈,女生比男生问题严重,八年级问题突出。     

Online Schools and Children With Special Health and Educational Needs: Comparison With Performance in Traditional Schools

Background

In the United States, primary and secondary online schools are institutions that deliver online curricula for children enrolled in kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12). These institutions commonly provide opportunities for online instruction in conjunction with local schools for students who may need remediation, have advanced needs, encounter unqualified local instructors, or experience scheduling conflicts. Internet-based online schooling may potentially help children from populations known to have educational and health disadvantages, such as those from certain racial or ethnic backgrounds, those of low socioeconomic status, and children with special health care needs (CSHCN).

Objective

To describe the basic and applied demographics of US online-school users and to compare student achievement in traditional versus online schooling environments.

Methods

We performed a brief parental survey in three states examining basic demographics and educational history of the child and parents, the child’s health status as measured by the CSHCN Screener, and their experiences and educational achievement with online schools and class(es). Results were compared with state public-school demographics and statistical analyses controlled for state-specific independence.

Results

We analyzed responses from 1971 parents with a response rate of 14.7% (1971/13,384). Parents of online-school participants were more likely to report having a bachelor’s degree or higher than were parents of students statewide in traditional schools, and more of their children were white and female. Most notably, the prevalence of CSHCN was high (476/1971, 24.6%) in online schooling. Children who were male, black, or had special health care needs reported significantly lower grades in both traditional and online schools. However, when we controlled for age, gender, race, and parental education, parents of CSHCN or black children reported significantly lower grades in online than in traditional schooling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–1.62 for CSHCN, P < .001; aOR 2.73, 95% CI 2.11–3.53 for black children, P < .001.) In contrast, parents with a bachelor’s degree or higher reported significantly higher online-school grades than traditional-school grades for their children (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.15–1.82, P < .001).

Conclusions

The demographics of children attending online schools do not mirror those of the state-specific school populations. CSHCN seem to opt into online schools at a higher rate. While parents report equivalent educational achievement in online and traditional classrooms, controlling for known achievement risks suggests that CSHCN and black children have lower performance in online than in traditional schools. Given the millions of students now in online schools, future studies must test whether direct assistance in online schools, such as taking individualized education plans into consideration, will narrow known disparities in educational success. Only then can online schools emerge as a true educational alternative for at-risk populations.     

80后护理本科生性观念调查研究

目的 探讨80后护理本科生性观念情况,为高校性教育策略与非医学专业的女大学生性教育提供科学参考.方法 对127名护理本科女大学生进行性观念问卷调查,并按照是否有恋爱经历,生源来源地进行分组比较.结果 城镇组与农村组对贞操的看法上具有显著差异(χ2=6.985,P＜0.05);有恋组与无恋组对婚前性行为的态度存在显著差异...