BRI基因在一对转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系中的序列分析与表达研究

目的 确认淀粉样纤维蛋白基因(amyloid fibrils，BRI)基因在l对同源但转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a和Anip973中的序列并分析其表达。方法 采用测序技术，Northern印迹杂交。G显带后荧光原位杂交分析BRI基因在肺腺癌细胞系的序列与表达。结果 BRI基因在高转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973中高表达，在其低转移母系AGZY83-a中低表达，两细胞系BRI基因染色体定位区均存在断裂重排。该基因染色体定位区在Anip973中出现扩增。已知BRI基因的-116bp～-5bp处碱基序列和-115bp～-5bp处碱基序列在AGZY83-a和Anip973中分别突变为CTCAGCAGCCCGC和TCAGCCGC。结论 BRI基因在转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系差异表达与该基因的染色体定位区域的断裂重排无关，与该基因染色体定位区拷贝数增加及5′非翻译区存在不同的突变可能相关。     

抗人肺癌细胞转移相关抗原单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

我们用人肺腺癌高转移细胞系Anip973和低转移细胞系AGZY-83-a分别免疫BA-LB/c小鼠,用免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞系NS-1融合,得到一组特异性不同的单抗。应用间接免疫荧光方法,免疫酶组化     

用基因芯片研究人肺癌转移相关基因

目的 自制肿瘤转移相关基因芯片研究人肺癌高、低转移细胞系PG和PAa间以及肺癌、淋巴结转移癌与正常肺组织间的基因表达谱差异，筛选与肺癌转移相关的特异基因。方法 提取2种肺癌细胞系、人肺癌、淋巴结转移癌及周围正常肺组织的mRNA后逆转录标记cDNA探针，与自制的含399个肿瘤转移相关基因的微阵列膜杂交，QuantArray软件分析杂交信号强度获得差异表达基因。结果 正常肺组织与肺原发癌的基因表达谱有显著差异。淋巴结转移癌组织与PG高转移细胞系表达基因行聚类分析，共同表达且最具统计学意义的基因有64个，包括上调基因27个，下调基因37个。结论 多基因参与肺癌的转移过程，肺转移癌与高转移细胞系共同差异表达的基因可能与肺癌的高转移特性密切相关。     

BRI基因的表达与非小细胞肺癌发生及转移潜能的关系

目的 探讨BRI基因在人非小细胞肺癌中的差异表达情况及其与肺癌发生及转移能力形成的相关性。方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、Northern印迹杂交方法分析BRI基因在一对遗传背景相同、转移能力不同的人肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a和Anip-073中的差异表达,并进一步检测BRI基因在另外6个非小细胞肺癌细胞系(SPC-A-1,A549,95D,TKB-18,GLC-82,PAa)及30例临床肺癌标本中的表达情况。结果 BRI基因在2细胞系中存在明显的差异表达,在具有高转移潜能的Anip973中高表达。在其他6个细胞系中BRI的表达与肺癌转移潜能可能有关。同时发现与同一病例的正常肺组织相比,BRI基因在肺癌组织中高表达,其过表达在有淋巴结转移的肺癌为6／8,无转移者为45．5％(10／22),并且BRI基因在肺癌与正常肺组织之间存在转录本的差异。结论 BRI基因在肺癌中表达上调,其1．6kb转录本表达的增加可能与肺癌的发生和转移能力的形成有关。     

不同转移能力肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a和Anip973的比较蛋白质组学研究

目的寻找高低转移能力肺癌细胞中潜在的蛋白标记以更好的解释肺腺癌转移机制。方法用双向电泳的方法对高低转移能力肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a和Anip973进行了比较蛋白质组学分析。选取差异较大的候选差异表达蛋白进行基质辅助激光解析／电离飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI—TOF—MS）分析并鉴定。结果双向电泳胶图分析结果说明两细胞系的蛋白表达差异具有统计学意义。MALDI—TOF—MS鉴定证实这3个蛋白分别为Stathmin 1蛋白、磷酸甘油酸变位酶1（PGAM1）和热休克蛋白27（HSP27）。结论在高转移细胞系Anip973中,HSP表达显著升高,Stathmin 1和HSP27表达显著下降,这3种蛋白与肿瘤的发生和恶性程度密切相关。     

高转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973中存在3p24的断裂重排

目的 确认一对细胞来源相同、转移能力不同的人肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83－a和Anip-973中3号染色体短臂的分子细胞遗传学差异。方法 采用3p涂染探针对两细胞系进行G显带后荧光原位杂交。结果 两细胞系共同存在标记染色体der(3;5)(3pter→3p10∷5q10→5qter)和der(1)t(1;12;3)(3pter→3q12∷12q24→12q15∷1p22→lqter)。不同的是，低转移细胞系AGZY83－a中存在1条正常的3号染色体；而在高转移细胞系Anip973中，存在1条涉及3号染色体断裂重排的标记染色体＋（？∷3p24→3qter)，断裂点发生于转移相关基因RAB5A的染色体区域。结论 高转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973中3号染色体上RAB5A基因区3p24的断裂重排与该基因的高表达一致。     

不同转移能力肺腺癌细胞系AGZY-83a和Anip973的蛋白质组学研究

目的 寻找高低转移能力肺癌细胞中潜在的蛋白标记和更好的解释肺腺癌转移机制。方法 用双向电泳的方法对高低转移能力肺腺癌细胞系AGZY-83a和Anip973进行了蛋白质组学分析。由此选取差异较大的候选差异表达蛋白送于基质辅助镭射解析/电离飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI-TOF-MS）进行分析并鉴定。结果 双向电泳胶图分析结果说明两细胞系的蛋白表达存在显著差异。MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定证实这3个蛋白分别为Stathmin 1蛋白、磷酸甘油酸变位酶1（PGAM 1）和热休克蛋白27（HSP27）。 结论 在高转移细胞系Anip973中，HSP表达显著升高，Stathmin 1和HSP27表达显著下降，这三种蛋白与肿瘤的发生和恶性程度密切相关。     

应用mRNA差异显示技术克隆人肺腺癌转移相关基因

肿瘤转移是恶性肿瘤最基本的生物学特征。为了探讨恶性肿瘤的侵袭和转移的机理，选择两株具有相同的细胞来源、但具有不同转移能力的人肺腺癌细胞系ＡＧＺＹ８３ａ和Ａｎｉｐ９７３作为研究材料，采用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示（ｍＲＮＡｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｄｉｓｐｌａｙ）技术，对这两个细胞系的基因表达差异情况进行了分析。结果显示，在这两个细胞系之间存在明显的基因表达差异，说明在低转移的ＡＧＺＹ８３ａ向高转移的Ａｎｉｐ９７３演变过程中涉及多个基因的激活与失活。研究结果还提示，在高转移的Ａｎｉｐ９７３细胞系中，某些基因的表达或高表达与人类逆转录病毒基因ＬＴＲ的整合有关。另一个克隆与人类线粒体基因ＮＤ４具有高度同源性，其高度表达与Ａｎｉｐ９７３的转移表型有关。表明肿瘤的转移是一个多基因参与的过程，由于这些基因的相互作用及细胞内外环境因素的影响，最终决定了肿瘤细胞的转移表型。     

Annexin A2基因沉默对肺癌细胞转移能力的影响

目的:研究膜联蛋白A2(Annexin A2)基因沉默对体外培养的肺腺癌细胞系转移能力的影响。方法:体外培养4种转移潜能不同的肺腺癌细胞,采用Transwell迁移模型观察细胞的迁移能力。采用RT-PCR和Western blot分析分别检测细胞中Annexin A2 mRNA及蛋白的表达。应用RNA干扰技术沉默细胞中Annexin A2表达,观察Annexin A2基因沉默前后细胞迁移能力的变化以及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)表达的变化。结果:Annexin A2在高转移潜能的肺腺癌细胞系中呈高表达状态(P<0.01)。Annexin A2基因沉默后,高转移潜能的肺腺癌细胞的迁移能力下降(P<0.05)。p-mTOR在高转移潜能的肺癌细胞中呈明显高表达(P<0.01),Annexin A2基因沉默后,细胞中p-mTOR表达明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:Annexin A2基因沉默显著抑制肺癌细胞的转移能力,Annexin A2对肺腺癌细胞转移能力的调控可能与其激活mTOR信号通路有关。     

RAB5A反义RNA对人肺腺癌细胞系侵袭转移影响的体外研究

目的　已知RAB5A基因过表达与人非小细胞肺癌恶性表型形成相关,本研究在此基础上进一步探 讨该基因过表达在人肺腺癌恶性演进中的作用。　方法　将RAB5A反义表达载体稳定转染入高浸润人肺腺癌细 胞系L18和高转移人肺腺癌细胞系95D中,采用重组基底膜侵袭、与基底膜成分黏附能力测定、趋化运动能力测 定、明胶酶分泌与活性检测等体外实验方法观察转染前后细胞生物学特性的改变。　结果　RAB5A反义RNA稳 定转染后L18细胞趋化运动和侵袭基底膜能力显著降低(P<0.05),明胶酶活性检测发现转染后细胞MMP 2的分 泌能力明显减弱;稳定转染后95D细胞趋化运动和侵袭基膜能力显著降低(P<0.05)。　结论　体外实验显示, RAB5A基因过表达对肿瘤细胞的趋化运动能力和侵袭重组基底膜能力起重要作用,进一步提示RAB5A基因过表 达在人肺腺癌的侵袭转移过程中发挥一定作用。     

Differential expression of RAB5A in human lung adenocarcinoma cells with different metastasis potential

For the sake of better understanding the molecular mechanism of neoplasia, we have used the mRNA differential display technique to analyze two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, AGZY83-a and Anip973. Anip973 was isolated from AGZY83-a, but manifested much higher metastatic potential than the parent line. We found that a significant differential cDNA fragment in Anip973 was over-expressed, then over-expressed cDNA fragment was cloned and sequenced. It showed that the over-expressed cDNA in Anip973 was RAB5A cDNA. And the RAB5A cDNA sequence was corresponding between the two cells. To determine whether RAB5A may be differentially expressed in the two human lung adenocarcinoma cells at protein level, we further detected RAB5A protein in the two cells by using immunofluorescent method. RAB5A protein was upregulated in highly metastatic Anip973. We also detected the difference in RAB5A gene expression at RNA level in human non-small cell lung carcinoma by RT-PCR. Using immunohistochemical staining, we also examined RAB5A change at protein level in 45 cases human non-small cell lung carcinoma paraffin sections. The results proved the evidence of upregulation of RAB5A in malignant tumor, indicated over-expression of RAB5A gene was correlated with the malignant degree and metastatic potential of lung cancer(² test, p <0.01). The RAB5A gene is a member of RAS superfamily, which can transcribe GTP-binding protein that plays an important role in signal transduction of protein trafficking at the cell surface and GDP/GTP cycle in the regulation of endocytotic membrane traffic. Thus our results indicated that over-expression of the RAB5A gene was involved in the process of transformation from AGZY83-a to the higher metastatic cell line Anip973. The result may be a powerful experimental evidence that over-expression of RAB5A gene associated with neoplasia metastasis.     

高低转移肺腺癌细胞系中肿瘤抑制基因p16、p21和p53表达研究

目的 探讨肿瘤抑制基因对肺腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用。方法 利用FuGene转染方式分别将p21和p16基因的表达质粒转入－对肺腺癌细胞系Anip973和AGZY83－a中,同时用含野生型p53 基因的腺病毒感染p16基因转染前后的这一对细胞系。对P16和P21蛋白过表达的细胞系进行了细胞生长曲线、克隆形成率、原位末端标记分析和流式细胞仪分析。结果 p16基因的过表达只能使细胞系的G1期细胞比例提高,但细胞生长曲线,克隆形成率均未出现改变,未检测到凋亡信号。P21蛋白过表达的一对细胞系细胞生长曲线斜率降低,克隆形成能力下降,并出现明显的G1期阻滞,但未检测到凋亡信号。p53基因感染AGZY83－a,Anip973及经过p16基因转染的细胞AGZY83－ap16和Anip973p16后呈现时间依赖性表达,细胞生长曲线和四唑盐比色法分析提高,野生型p53基因的大量表达明显抑制以上4种细胞的生长,Anip973和Anip973p16的生长抑制率高于AGZY83－a和AGZY83－ap16;Anip973p16和AGZY83-ap16的生长抑制率高于Anip973和AAGZY83－a。这4种细胞在感染p53后出现典型的凋亡信号。结论p16基因的过表达并不能抑制细胞系的生长,而p21基因的过表达通过G1期阻滞抑制这1对肺腺癌细胞的生长;野生型p53基因在AGZY83－a和Anip973中高效表达可产生明显的细胞生长抑制效应;野生型p53基因对肺腺癌高转移细胞系Anip973抑制作用更为明显。     

Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase‐2 Suppresses Lymph Node Metastasis via VEGF‐C

Most experimental work addressing cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor has focused on suppressing hematogenic spread. Little is known about the mechanism by which this inhibitor can also block lymphatic metastasis. Here, the effects of COX‐2 inhibitor on vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) expression, lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis were investigated. Utilizing the highly metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973 and its parental line AGZY83‐a, which has a low metastatic capacity, we found elevated VEGF‐C and COX‐2 immunoreactivity in Anip973 cells compared with AGZY83‐a cells. Celecoxib down‐regulated expression of VEGF‐C mRNA and protein in Anip973 cells while PGE₂ up‐regulated expression of VEGF‐C mRNA and protein in AGZY83‐a cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The expression of COX‐2 and VEGF‐C was significantly increased in xenografted Anip973 tumors compared with AGZY83‐a tumors. The Anip973 tumors showed more lymphatic vessels and lymph node metastasis than the AGZY83‐a tumors. In vivo, celecoxib decreased VEGF‐C expression in Anip973 tumor‐treated mice to a similar level to that in the AGZY83‐a tumor‐treated mice. Consistent with this decrease in VEGF‐C expression, the density of lymphatic vessels and lymph node metastasis in Anip973 tumor‐treated mice were suppressed to approximately that found in the AGZY83‐a tumor‐treated ones. Taken together, our results suggest that the differential expression of COX‐2 and VEGF‐C might help explain the different metastasis phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma cancer, and that COX‐2 inhibitor mediates VEGF‐C to block lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. Thus, COX‐2 may be a potential therapeutic target for blocking lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

COX‐2‐Mediated Regulation of VEGF‐C in Association With Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Cancer

The mechanisms underlying the effects of COX‐2 on tumor lymphangiogenesis remain largely undefined. Here, the human lung cancer cell lines A549, 95D, Anip973, and AGZY83‐a with different metastatic capacities were investigated by immunostaining, western blotting, and real‐time RT‐PCR. We observed increased expressions of COX‐2 and VEGF‐C in the three highly metastatic cell lines compared with the less metastatic AGZY83‐a cell line. The COX‐2‐specific inhibitor Celecoxib suppressed VEGF‐C expression whereas the main COX‐2 metabolite PGE₂ elevated VEGF‐C expression in Anip973 and AGZY83‐a cells in positive and negative experiments. To determine the functional link to COX‐2 more specifically and elucidate the mechanistic pathway, we used a siRNA to knock down the high COX‐2 expression in Anip973 cells and transfected a COX‐2 cDNA to enhance the low COX‐2 expression in AGZY83‐a cells, and then treated the cells with EP1/EP4 agonists or antagonists, respectively. The results revealed that the EP1/EP4 agonists significantly increased VEGF‐C production in the COX‐2‐knockdown Anip973 cells. In contrast, the EP1/EP4 antagonists diminished VEGF‐C production in the COX‐2‐overexpressing AGZY83‐a cells. Furthermore, animal models provided evidence that Celecoxib decreased VEGF‐C expression, lymphangiogenesis, and lymph node metastases in Anip973 cells, whereas PGE₂ treatment increased the same factors in the parental AGZY83‐a cells. A positive correlation between COX‐2 and VEGF‐C was also confirmed in vivo. The present data suggest that COX‐2 regulates VEGF‐C expression via the PGE₂ pathway, and that EP1/EP4 receptors are involved in PGE₂‐mediated VEGF‐C production. Thus, COX‐2 may represent a candidate gene for blocking tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 and Bcl-2 contribute to multidrug resistance by vinorelbine in lung adenocarcinoma

Although cancer cells initially respond to vinorelbine (NVB), the acquisition of resistance to the treatment is the main cause of chemotherapeutic failure in lung cancer. The intrinsic mechanism of drug resistance induced by NVB in lung cancer is not clear and tumor cell models to study NVB resistance have not been widely studied. We previously established a NVB resistant cell line, Anip973/NVB, derived from the Anip973 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance to NVB in lung adenocarcinoma. Genetic profiles of Anip973/NVB and Anip973 cells were compared by microarray analysis and qRT-PCR. Tumor xenografts were obtained by grafting Anip973/NVB and Anip973 cells into nude mice and the xenograft response to NVB or control treatment was evaluated. Morphological assessment of xenograft tissues was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to compare Bcl-2 and MRP3 protein expression in xenografts. Fifty-five up-regulated genes and 88 down-regulated genes in Anip973/NVB cells compared with Anip973 cells were identified by cDNA microarray analysis. Up-regulation of MRP3 and Bcl-2 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. NVB inhibits xenografts of Anip973 growth but did not affect xenografts of Anip973/NVB growth. Ultrastructural changes observed by TEM showed that NVB induces apoptosis in the Anip973-treated group but not in the Anip973/NVB-treated group. Higher expression rates of Bcl-2 and MRP3 were observed in Anip973/NVB xenograft cells compared with Anip973 xenograft cells by IHC. In conclusion, in the present study, we identified a set of genes responsible for multidrug resistance in Anip973/NVB cells. Among them, MRP3 and Bcl-2 may participate in lung adenocarcinoma multidrug resistance induced by NVB.     

异丙酚下调PKM2抑制人肺腺癌细胞系增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的探讨异丙酚对肺腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 MTT法检测异丙酚(60、100、120μmol/L)处理的人肺腺癌细胞系A549、Anip973的抑制率或增殖;将si-NC组(转染si-NC)、si-PKM2(丙酮酸激酶M2)组(转染si-PKM2)、pc DNA3. 1组(转染pc DNA3. 1)、pc DNA3. 1-PKM2组(转染pc DNA3. 1-PKM2)用脂质体法转染至Anip973细胞,部分组用120μmol/L异丙酚处理;Transwell小室法检测细胞迁移和侵袭;RT-qPCR检测细胞中PKM2的mRNA的表达;Western blot检测细胞中PKM2、E-cadherin、MMP-2的蛋白表达。结果异丙酚(60、100和120μmol/L)呈浓度依赖性抑制人肺腺癌细胞A549、Anip973增殖(P <0. 05),Anip973细胞对异丙酚的敏感性较强,最适浓度为120μmol/L;异丙酚可抑制Anip973细胞迁移和侵袭,并下调PKM2、MMP-2蛋白表达,上调E-cadherin蛋白表达;敲减PKM2具有与异丙酚相同的抑制Anip973细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭作用,下调MMP-2蛋白表达,上调E-cadherin蛋白表达的作用;过表达PKM2可减轻异丙酚对Anip973细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭及E-cadherin、MMP-2蛋白表达。结论异丙酚可抑制肺腺癌细胞系的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其机制与下调PKM2表达相关。     

抗人肿瘤相关核仁抗原单克隆抗体的建立

本研究以A549细胞系和人肺腺癌组织细胞核仁为抗原,建立了7株McAbs,并用ELISA技术对其反应性进行了初步分析。结果表明:各株McAb均能与人癌细胞核仁起反应,但各自的抗原却不尽相同。MA1、MA2、MA3和MA6株的抗原可能是HMNA类物质;MA4、MAS和ML1株的抗原可能是属于核仁的正常成份,但优势表达于癌细胞中。本组抗体的建立,对于研究肿瘤细胞核仁的分子组成和生物学功能,并进而利用HMNA为临床肿瘤病理服务可能有重要意义。