The significance of expression of autophagy-related gene Beclin,Bcl-2, and Bax in breast cancer tissues

The purpose of this study was to detect the expression of autophagy-related gene Beclin1 and apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax in breast cancer tissues, to investigate their relationship and significance to the occurrence and development of breast cancer, and to provide an experimental basis for the biological treatment of breast cancer in the future. Human breast cancer tissues and relatively healthy breast tissue adjacent to the tumor were collected during surgical resection. By using RT–PCR and western blot, the mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin1, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected in the breast cancer tissues and the relatively healthy, adjacent tissues. The correlations of these expressions with the occurrence, development, and clinicopathology of breast cancer were analyzed. The mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in the relatively healthy, adjacent breast tissues (p < 0.05); the lower the degree of tumor differentiation, the lower the mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 (p < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer tissues from patients positive for lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those negative for lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer tissues from patients positive for distant metastasis were significantly lower than those negative for distant metastasis (p < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer tissues from patients positive for ki67 were significantly lower than those negative for ki67 (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of Bax were different from those of Beclin1 and Bcl-2. In breast cancer tissues, the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax were up-regulated (p < 0.05); the lower the degree of tumor differentiation, the higher the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax (p < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax in breast cancer tissues from patients positive for lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those negative for lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05); and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax in breast cancer tissues from patients positive for distant metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients negative for distant metastasis (p < 0.05). However, the mRNA and protein expressions of these three genes were not correlated with patient age, tumor size, progesterone receptor positivity, or human epidermal growth factor positivity (p > 0.05). The correlation of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA with Beclin1 mRNA expressed in breast cancer tissues were both statistically significant (p < 0.05). The activity change of autophagy and apoptosis is associated with the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of breast cancer. The joint detection of these three genes (Beclin1, Bcl-2, and Bax) contributes to the early diagnosis of and predicts prognosis for breast cancer, and this also provides an experimental basis for the biological therapy of breast cancer.     

p33~(INGI)、p53在结直肠癌中的表达及其相互关系

目的:探讨p33ING1、p53在结直肠癌中的表达及其相互关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测60例结直肠癌组织及相应正常黏膜组织中p33ING1、p53的表达。结果:结直肠癌组织、相应正常黏膜组织中p33ING1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为43．3％(26／60)、100％(60／60)(P<0．01),p53蛋白分别为51．6％(31／60)、0％(0／60)。p33ING1在无淋巴结转移组及淋巴结转移组癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为57．6％(19／33)、25．9％(7／27)(P<0．05);在Dukes A、B期、Dukes C、D期病例中分别为56．7％(17／30)、30．0％(9／30)(P<0．05)。在p53表达阴性的29例中有12例(41．4％,12／29)p33ING1表达缺失,而p53阳性的31例病例中有22例(71．0％,22／31)p33ING1表达阴性(P<0．05),在p53蛋白表达阳性的病例中p33ING1蛋白表达明显缺失,两者表达呈负相关。结论:p33ING1在结直肠癌组织中低表达,与p53互相协同,在结直肠癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用。     

Dysfunction of p53 pathway in human colorectal cancer: analysis of p53 gene mutation and the expression of the p53-associated factors p14ARF, p33ING1, p21WAF1 and MDM2

Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene increase with tumor progression in colorectal cancers. In this study, we examined the expressions of p33ING1, p14ARF, MDM2 and p21WAF1 mRNA in 25 advanced colorectal cancers by quantitative RT-PCR method, and compared the expression levels of p33ING1, p14ARF, p21WAF1 and MDM2 in relation to p53 status in the tumors. Fifteen of 25 colorectal cancers (60%) showed abnormal accumulation of p53 protein in the nucleus, and the remaining 10 colorectal cancers (40%) were negative for p53 immunostaining. We found a G --> T transition (nonsense mutation) at the first nucleotide of codon 298 (exon 8) in one p53-negative case, and a frame shift mutation on exon 7 in another p53-negative case. In remaining eight p53-negative cases, there was no mutation in the entire open reading frame of p53 cDNA. Interestingly, in eight cases with p53 wild-type gene, 6 cases (75%) showed a marked down-regulation of p14ARF mRNA, and three cases (37.5%) over-expressed MDM2 mRNA. Only one case with wild-type p53 gene showed normal level expression of p53 regulatory-factors (p33ING1, p14ARF, and MDM2). Thus, p53 tumor suppressor pathway was disrupted in 24 of 25 colorectal cancers (96%).     

非小细胞肺癌中p33ING1b表达的临床及生物学意义

目的:探讨p33ING1b的表达与非小细胞肺癌(Non-smallCellLungCarcinoma,NSCLC)临床病理特征的关系及其在NSCLC发生、发展中的可能作用机制。方法:用免疫组化SP法检测NSCLC和非肿瘤肺组织中p33ING1b的表达及NSCLC组织p21WAF1和Bax中的表达。结果:p33ING1b在NSCLC组织中表达率显著低于非肿瘤肺组织(P<0.01)。p33ING1b低表达与肺癌的分化、分期及淋巴结转移有关。p33ING1b的表达率在低分化组(30.77%)显著低于高分化组(80.95%)、中分化组(71.43%)(P均<0.05)。在Ⅲ期和有淋巴结转移组的表达率显著低于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期和无淋巴结转移组(P均<0.01)。p33ING1b与p21WAF1表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:1)p33ING1b在NSCLC中低表达,它的低表达对判断NSCLC恶性程度、浸润甚至转移有重要价值。2)p33ING1b的低表达使p21WAF1下调在NSCLC发生、发展中可能起重要作用。     

Dysfunction of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in head and neck cancer

It is important to examine the abnormality of the entire p53 tumor suppressor pathway in head and neck cancer. We examined the mRNA expressions of p53 regulatory factors, p33ING1 and p14ARF, and a p53-target gene, p21WAF1 in head and neck cancer. Nine of 14 benign pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and 7 of 8 malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) expressed p33ING1 mRNA. Thirteen of 14 PAs expressed p14ARF mRNA, however, only 1 of 8 MSGTs expressed p14ARF mRNA. Eight of 14 PAs and 7 of 8 MSGTs expressed p21WAF1 mRNA. In salivary gland tumors, there was clear correlation between the expression of p33ING1 and p21WAF1 (p<0.0001, r2=0.53). However, there was no correlation between the expression of p14ARF and p21WAF1 (p=0.6543, r2=0.009). Twenty-six of 28 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) expressed p33ING1 mRNA. Nineteen of 28 oral SCCs expressed p14ARF mRNA. All of the oral SCCs expressed p21WAF1 mRNA. In oral SCCs, the expressions of both p33ING1 (p=0.009, r2=0.181) and p14ARF (p=0.0009, r2=0.271) correlated with the expression of p21WAF1. Interestingly, 24 of 26 oral SCCs (92%) showed either abnormality of p53 itself or loss of expression of p53 regulatory factors, p33ING or p14ARF. These results suggest that head and neck cancer often involve the dysfunction of p53 tumor suppressor pathway.     

P33ING1、p53基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨抑癌基因P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其与p53蛋白表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组化S-P法,检测83例膀胱移行细胞癌及11例正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1、p53的表达。结果83例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为59．03％,而正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为90．90％。P33ING1蛋白表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的WHO肿瘤分级相关。根据Spearman相关分析表明P33INGI蛋白表达与p53蛋白表达呈正相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论P33ING1基因可能在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,P33ING1与p53基因具有协同作用,同时检测p53和P33ING1表达水平,对膀胱癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断可能具有积极意义。     

p33ING1b在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的研究p33ING1b在非小细胞肺癌(non_small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中的表达及其与p21WAF1蛋白表达的关系;探讨p33ING1b在NSCLC发生、发展中的可能作用机制。方法用免疫组化S_P法检测p33ING1b在61例NSCLC和13例正常肺组织中的表达,以及p21WAF1在61例NSCLC组织中的表达。结果p33ING1b在NSCLC组织中阳性率低于正常肺组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。p33ING1b低表达与肺癌的分化、分期及淋巴结转移均有关。p33ING1b与p21WAF1表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论p33ING1b在NSCLC中低表达,它的低表达对判断NSCLC恶性程度、浸润甚至转移有重要价值;p33ING1b的低表达使p21WAF1下调在NSCLC发生、发展中可能起重要作用。     

骨肉瘤中抑癌基因p33/ING1 mRNA的表达及意义

目的研究骨肉瘤中抑癌基因p33/ING1 mRNA的表达与临床病理特征的关系。方法应用RT-PCR技术对40例骨肉瘤标本及其相邻的正常软组织、2例骨肉瘤细胞株(OS732和SaOS2)和1例原代培养的骨膜细胞中ING1基因的表达进行研究。结果在40例骨肉瘤标本中,27例(67.5%)检测到p33/ING1 mRNA较其相邻的正常软组织高表达。p33/ING1 mRNA高表达患者肿瘤转移发生率明显高于低表达的患者,两者比较差异有显著意义(t=2.52,P<0.05);而在临床分期方面差异无显著意义。2例骨肉瘤细胞株与原代培养的骨膜细胞相比较,1例(OS732)检测到p33/ING1 mRNA的低表达,1例(SaOS2)检测到p33/INC1 mRNA的高表达。结论抑癌基因p33/ING1mRNA的高表达在骨肉瘤的发生发展中起到一定作用,且与肿瘤转移有关。     

自噬基因Beclin1在细针穿刺乳腺病变中的表达及其与Bcl-2和p53的相关性

目的 检测细胞自噬基因Beclin1在细针穿刺乳腺良恶性病变中的表达及其与Bcl-2、p53的关系,探讨其在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用及其机制。方法 采用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学检测乳腺良恶性病变中Beclin1、Bcl-2、p53mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果 Beclin1 mRNA在乳腺癌中的表达明显低于在乳腺良性病变中的表达（P<0.05）,Bcl-2、p53 mRNA在乳腺癌中的表达高于在乳腺良性病变中的表达（P<0.05）。Beclin1蛋白在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率明显低于在乳腺良性病变中的阳性表达率（P<0.05）;Bcl-2、p53蛋白在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率明显高于在乳腺良性病变中的阳性表达率（P<0.05）;在乳腺癌中Beclin1蛋白表达与Bcl-2和p53蛋白表达之间存在负相关（P<0.05）;而Bcl-2和p53蛋白的表达无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 Beclin1在乳腺癌组织中表达下调,而Bcl-2、p53在乳腺癌中均有高表达。Beclin1蛋白与Bcl-2、p53蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达存在负相关。     

Clinical significance of RKIP mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer

Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression was associated with the onset, development, invasion, and metastasis of numerous tumor types including prostate cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer. However, RKIP mRNA expression and the clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) remain unresolved. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of RKIP mRNA in 126 pairs of lung tumor tissues (TT) and surrounding normal tissues (sNT). Correlations between RKIP mRNA expression and clinicopathological features were evaluated by statistical analysis. In the 126 patients examined, RKIP mRNA expression was significantly lower in lung TT than the sNT (p?<?0.05). Our results indicated that downregulation of RKIP mRNA expression was associated with a poorer N-stage (p?=?0.019) and poorer pathological TNM stage (p?=?0.015). However, no significant association was observed between the expression status of RKIP mRNA and clinicopathologic factors, such as gender, age, histological type, and the size of the tumor (p?>?0.05). The level of RKIP mRNA expression was found to be significantly downregulated in NSCLC, and the lower mRNA levels correlated with poorer differentiation, advanced pathologic TNM stage in patients with NSCLC.     

Beclin 1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for gastric carcinomas

Beclin 1, an important autophagy-related protein in human cells, is involved in autophagy, differentiation, anti-apoptosis, and cancer progression, which is increased during periods of cell stress and extinguished during the cell cycle. In order to clarify the role of Beclin 1 in gastric carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, its expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) on tissue microarrays containing gastric carcinomas, adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa, and metastatic lymph node. Gastric carcinoma tissue and cell lines were studied for Beclin 1 expression by Western blot or RT-PCR, respectively. The results demonstrated that Beclin 1 was distinctively expressed in GES-1, AGS, BGC-823, GT-3 TKB, HGC-27, KATO-III, MGC-803, MKN28, MKN45, SCH, SGC-7901, or STKM-2 at both mRNA and protein levels. However, Beclin 1 mRNA was highly expressed in gastric carcinoma than matched mucosa by real-time PCR and ISH (P?<?0.05). Beclin 1 expression was negatively related to distant metastasis and poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma (P?<?0.05). Beclin 1 was highly expressed in male than female patients with gastric carcinoma (P?<?0.05). The 65-year-elder patients with gastric carcinoma had higher Beclin 1 expression than the younger ones (P?<?0.05). The diffuse-type carcinomas showed less Beclin 1 expression than intestinal- and mixed-type ones (P?<?0.05). In intestinal-type gastric carcinoma, Beclin 1 expression was inversely associated with venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging (P?<?0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that Beclin 1 expression was positively linked to favorable prognosis of the patients with overall and intestinal-type carcinoma (P?<?0.05). Cox’s proportional hazard model indicated that venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM staging, and Beclin 1 expression were independent prognostic factors for gastric carcinomas (P?<?0.05). It was suggested that aberrant Beclin 1 expression is closely linked to pathogenesis, metastasis, and differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Beclin 1 expression might be employed to indicate the favorable prognosis of gastric carcinomas as an independent factor.     

P33ING1、p53在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及与细胞凋亡的相关性

目的：探讨抑癌基因P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌（BTCC）中的表达及其与p53蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的相关性。方法：利用免疫组化S-P法和TUNEL法检测83例BTCC及11例正常膀胱黏膜组织P33ING1、p53的表达及细胞凋亡指数（AI）。结果：83例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中,P33ING1蛋白的阳性表达率为59.03%,而正常膀胱黏膜组织中P33ING1蛋白阳性表达率为90.9%。P33ING1蛋白表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的WHO肿瘤分级有相关性。Spearman相关分析表明P33ING1蛋白表达与p53蛋白表达正相关（P〈0.05）。AI与P33ING1及p53蛋白表达无相关性。结论：P33ING1在膀胱移行细胞癌中表达下降可能在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,P33ING1与p53基因具有协同作用,同时检测p53的状态和P33ING1表达水平,对于膀胱癌的诊断、治疗和预后判断可能具有积极意义。     

抑癌基因ING1、p21/WAF1、P53蛋白在胃癌中的表达

目的　研究ING1、p2 1 /WAF1、p53基因蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达意义及相互关系。方法　对 71例胃癌组织应用Envision免疫组化法 ,检测 p33ING1 、p2 1 /WAF1、p53的表达情况 ,分析其相关性 ,结合临床病理因素 ,探讨胃癌发生、进展及预后的关系。结果　p33ING1 与p2 1 /WAF1、p53表达有相关性 (P <0 .0 5) ,p33ING1 表达率为 62 .0 % (44/71 ) ,与正常组织相比呈低表达 ,与胃癌的浸润、淋巴结转移、远隔转移、分化程度有相关性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;p2 1 /WAF1表达率为54 .9% (39/71 ) ,与胃癌浸润相关 (P <0 .0 5) ;p53表达为 63 .4 % (45/71 ) ,与浸润及淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　ING1是抑癌基因 ,其蛋白p33ING1 在胃癌中低表达 ,对胃癌的发生、发展可能起重要作用 ,p33ING1 、p2 1 /WAF1、p53表达可作为判断胃癌恶性程度及预后的重要指标     

NOB1 in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Expression Profile and Clinical Significance

Nin one binding (NOB1) gene has been reported up-regulated in several types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of NOB1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and assess the clinical significance. qRT-PCR was used in the detection of NOB1 mRNA expression both in NSCLC tissue and in adjacent normal lung tissue. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used in the detection of NOB1 protein expression. The clinicopathological implications of NOB1 were analyzed statistically. It was confirmed by RT-qPCR that expression of NOB1 mRNA in NSCLC cells was higher than in human lung cells (P?<?0.05), and NOB1 mRNA was also over-expressed in NSCLC tissue when compared with adjacent tissue and normal lung tissue (P?<?0.05). Western blot analysis showed that NOB1 protein was significant increased in NSCLC cell lines compared with human lung cell line. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that NOB1 protein was significant increased in NSCLC tissue compared with adjacent tissue and normal lung tissue (P?<?0.05). There were significant associations between NOB1 expression and TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological grade (P?<?0.05), but not gender, age, smoke, or tumor diameter (P?>?0.05). Our results suggest that enhanced expression of NOB1 gene plays an important role in the occurrence and development of NSCLC. NOB1 may be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.     

p33^ING1和p53基因蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨p23ING1、p53基因蛋白在乳腺增生及乳腺癌中表达的意义及相互关系. 方法 应用Envision免疫组化法对正常乳腺组织、单纯增生、非典型增生、乳腺癌各50例标本进行p33ING1、p53基因蛋白表达检测. 结果 p33ING1蛋白在乳腺正常组织、单纯增生、非典型增生、乳腺癌中阳性表达率分别为100.0%(50/50)、100.0%(50/50)、96.0%(48/50)和62.0%(31/50),阳性表达逐渐下降;p53蛋白阳性表达率分别为0(0/50)、0(0/50)、24.0%(12/50)和54.0%(27/50),阳性表达率逐渐上升.非典型增生与正常组织相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);乳腺癌与正常组织相比,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01). 结论 p33ING1阳性者p53阳性表达率远低于p33ING1阴性者,p33ING1与p53呈负相关.p33ING1和野生型p53基因都是抑癌基因,p33ING1是p53的分子伴侣.