护理干预对胶囊内镜检查前肠道准备影响的研究

目的探究护理干预对胶囊内镜检查肠道准备效果的影响。方法对行首次胶囊内镜检查的患者随机平分为两组，对照组采用传统预约方法，干预组进行综合性个体化的干预措施，包括心理护理、肠道准备、饮食干预、运动干预等。根据胶囊内镜检查评定标准比较两组的肠道清洁度、观察效果及病变检出率。结果两纽患者肠道清洁度、观察效果及病变检出率等各方面的差异具有统计学意义，干预组显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论综合有效的护理干预对胶囊内镜检查肠道准备具有协同作用，提高了肠道清洁度、观察效果及病变检出率。     

不明原因小肠出血胶囊内镜检查术前准备方法

目的 研究不明原因小肠出血胶囊内镜检查术前准备,力图寻找一种较为理想的术前方法,提高疾病的检出率.方法 选取2009年7月~2012年6月,因消化道出血就诊、胃肠镜检查未明确诊断的62例患者,随机分为3组.A组(复方聚乙二醇电解质散) 19例、B组(在A组的基础上联合二甲硅油散)21例、C组(在B组的基础上联合莫沙必利分散片)22例.观察胶囊内镜通过幽门时间、小肠检查完成率、图像采集质量(气泡量、消化液量、消化液清洁度以及整体观察效果)、病变检出情况、胶囊内镜术前肠道准备安全性等指标.结果 胶囊内镜通过幽门时间C组短于A、B组(P＜0.05),全小肠检查完成率C组高于A和B组(P＜0.05),气泡量A组较B、C组多(P＜0.05),消化液量C组较A、B组减少(P＜0.05),消化液清洁度C组较A、B组更为清晰(P＜0.05).整体观察效果,C组无任何干扰并优于A、B组,C组病变检出率高于A、B组(P＜0.05),A组有1例未完成检查;胶囊内镜术前肠道准备安全性3组间无明显差异.结论 在胶囊内镜术前服用促胃肠动力的药物,可缩短胶囊内镜通过幽门时间,提高全小肠检查完成率;术前服用消泡剂,可以减少肠道中的气泡量;复方聚乙二醇电解质散联合二甲硅油散和莫沙必利分散片,祛泡效果佳、清洁度强、耐受安全性好,提高了不明原因消化道出血疾病的检出率,是较理想的胶囊内镜术前准备方法.     

嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎6例分析

目的 :分析嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎的临床表现及其胃肠双重造影、超声及内镜检查对该病的诊断价值。材料和方法 :6例患者中 ,男 2例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 3 3～ 66岁 ,平均 47岁。临床表现腹痛 5例 ,腹泻 3例 ,恶心 4例 ,呕吐 3例。 6例全部进行了胃镜和小肠造影检查 ,4例进行结肠镜检查 ,2例进行胃超声检查。结果 :本组病理证实病变累及食道 1例 ,胃部 5例 ,十二指肠 4例 ,小肠 3例 ,结肠 2例。结论 :胃肠道双重造影和内镜检查时 ,胃肠道粘膜活检病理检查是诊断嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎的关键。     

17例无绳胶囊内镜检查临床分析

目的通过对无绳胶囊内镜检查情况分析，评价胶囊内镜检查在临床上应用的效果。方法对17例疑小肠疾病或不能耐受胃镜检查的病人或体检者行胶囊内镜检查，并对其结果进行分析。结果所有病人检查无不适感，15例完成小肠检查，2例胶囊分别滞留于食管、胃。7例不明原因胃肠道出血中5例完成小肠检查。均发现了小肠病变。结论胶囊内镜检查是一种无痛苦、无创、安全的上消化道检查，是小肠疾病尤其是不明原因胃肠道出血诊断的首选方法。     

胃肠道出血诊断不清病人在CT肠道成像检查为阴性后行胶囊内镜检查的作用

正摘要目的本研究旨在评价胃肠道出血诊断不清(OGIB)的病人在CT肠道成像检查为阴性后行胶囊内镜检查的作用。方法将CT肠道检查为阴性而接受胶囊内镜检查的30例OGIB病人纳入本回顾性研究。病人中位年龄为60岁,60%为男性。中位随访时间为8个月。60%病人有明显出血,隐性出血病人占40%。结果     

复方聚乙二醇对膀胱全切术前肠道准备的临床观察

目的：探讨全膀胱切除手术前行肠道准备的最佳方法。方法：将60例患者随机分为A、B两组,A组为肥皂水清洁灌肠＋口服苷露醇组,B组为口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散组。比较两种不同肠道准备方法的效果及缺点。结果：在患者依从性、不良反应、术中肠道清洁度、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症方面两组间差异有统计学意义。结论：全膀胱切除术前采用口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散清洁肠道,安全、有效,术后胃肠道功能恢复早,术后感染与吻合口瘘发生率低,是目前全膀胱切除术前较优越的肠道准备方法。     

胃肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤的分布与CT诊断

目的探讨胃肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CT表现及分型。方法搜集经内镜活检和手术病理证实的胃肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤23例,其中来源于胃11例,小肠6例,小肠及盲肠、结肠同时受累3例,结肠3例。所有病例均行CT平扫,部分行强化CT扫描、胃肠钡餐造影及内镜检查。结果 11例胃非霍奇金淋巴瘤中原发性9例,继发性2例。胃非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT表现分两类:1弥漫性胃壁增厚型7例;2局限性胃腔内肿块型4例。肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤共12例,原发性10例,继发性2例。肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT表现分3类:1弥漫性肠壁增厚型8例;2肿块型3例;3肠系膜受累伴腔外肿块型1例。结论 CT检查胃肠道非霍奇金淋巴瘤可提供病变部位、范围和类型,有无周围侵犯及淋巴结转移等信息,并可对病变进行准确分期,在指导临床治疗和预后判断中有不可替代的作用。     

多层螺旋CT对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值

目的：分析胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的CT表现特征，探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值。方法：15例手术切除、免疫组化证实的胃肠道间质瘤，分析术前MSCT平扫和双期增强扫描图像，5例进行了多平面重组（MPR）。结果：15例中，胃间质瘤9例，肠道间质瘤5例，胃及十二指肠同时发病者1例。肿块多呈圆形或椭圆形，腔外生长为主。良性4例，3例直径小于5cm，密度均匀，边界清晰，均匀强化。恶性9例，密度不均，内可见低密度液化坏死区，增强扫描时肿瘤实质部分明显强化，内部坏死囊变区无强化，1例出现肝转移，1例出现脾转移。交界性2例，直径分别为3．6cm和4．3cm。结论：MSCT及其多平面重组技术能够显示病变的特征及其与周围的关系，对GIST的定位、定性及指导治疗有重要价值。     

CT和超声内镜诊断胃肠道间质瘤的价值分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤的CT和超声内镜诊断价值。方法 搜集经手术和病理证实的胃肠道间质瘤患者11例进行回顾性分析。11例均行螺旋CT平扫，10例行双期增强扫描，8例行超声内镜检查。结果肿瘤位于胃部8例，食管、十二指肠和直肠各1例。本组良性者，肿瘤直径≤5cm，边界清楚，密度均匀，可见单个坏死灶。恶性者，有如下特征：(1)肿块直径≥7cm；(2)肿瘤边缘有分叶；(3)瘤体内有多个小片状坏死或大块坏死；(4)肿瘤的溃疡大而深；(5)瘤旁常伴成簇状或线状排列的小血管；(6)瘤体内有散在分布的细小钙化点；(7)周围组织侵犯或远处转移。本组CT定位准确度为54．5％(6／11)，超声内镜定位准确度为87．5％(7／8)。病理学检查肿瘤为良性者3例，恶性者7例，增生活跃者1例。cT判定良恶性准确度为72．7％(8／11)，超声内镜判定良恶性准确度为62．5％(5／8)。结论CT和超声内镜结合有助于胃肠道间质瘤的定位和良恶性的判断，对指导临床治疗和估计预后有一定的价值。     

胶囊内镜82例检查分析

目的探讨胶囊内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的应用价值和方法。方法对82例受检查者进行胶囊内镜检查。结果胶囊内镜检查中均无任何不适和并发症。82例中8,0例顺利完成检查,1例因贲门癌致贲门部狭窄。进食少许食物后胶囊通过贲门进入胃腔内,并顺利排出;1例因回盲部肿瘤胶囊滞留于回肠末端,经手术切除肿瘤并取出胶囊。79例发现有消化道病变,检出率为96.3%。检出病变包括贲门癌1例,胃癌1例,结肠癌2例,小肠疑似克罗恩病1例,非特异性小肠炎48例,非特异性结肠炎29例。结论胶囊内镜检查安全、方便,对胃肠道疾病有较高的诊断价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.