IL-34 对类风湿关节炎髓系树突状细胞表型的影响

目的:探讨IL-34 对类风湿关节炎(RA)患者单核细胞向髓系树突状细胞(DC)分化的诱导作用,及其在分化过程中对细胞表型的影响。方法:采集RA 患者外周血,Ficoll 密度梯度离心法获得PBMC,培养4 h 后将贴壁细胞分别用GM-CSF+IL-4、IL-4、IL-4+IL-34 刺激3 d,流式细胞术检测CD83、CD86 和CD14 的表达水平;再将GM-CSF+IL-4 刺激3 d 后的细胞加入TNF-α和(或)IL-34 培养4 d,流式细胞术检测CD83、CD86 和(或)CD14 的表达水平。结果:(1)IL-34+IL-4 诱导后CD83、CD86 表达水平较IL鄄4 单独作用明显上调(P<0.01),CD14 表达无差异(P>0.05);IL-34+IL-4 诱导CD86、CD14 表达水平较GM-CSF+IL-4 刺激组下降(P<0.05),CD83 表达无差异(P>0.05)(2)GM-CSF+IL-4+IL-34 诱导CD83、CD86 表达水平较GM-CSF+IL-4+TNF-α组低(P<0.05),但与GM-CSF+IL-4 刺激组对比CD83、CD86 表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)GM-CSF+IL-4+TNF-α+IL-34 诱导DC CD83 表达水平较GM-CSF+IL-4+TNF-α刺激组低(P<0.05),但两组CD86、CD14 表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:IL-34 在不成熟DC 诱导过程中发挥一定作用,效应略弱于GM-CSF;IL-34 对成熟DC诱导作用不显著,但参与了不成熟DC 的维持。     

人参皂苷降低β淀粉样蛋白诱导THP-1单核细胞ERK的磷酸化和细胞因子含量

目的观察人参皂苷对β-淀粉样蛋白(-βamyloid,Aβ)1-40诱导的THP-1单核细胞系表达细胞因子和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)的影响。方法用Western blotting方法测定磷酸化ERK的表达,放射免疫法测定细胞培养上清液中的细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的浓度。结果Aβ刺激组磷酸化ERK和细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的表达明显高于对照组。人参皂苷(50、100和150 mg/L可减少Aβ诱导THP-1细胞磷酸化ERK和细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的表达。与模型组比较,人参皂苷治疗组Aβ1-40诱导的THP-1细胞磷酸化ERK和细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α)的表达明显降低。结论人参皂苷可抑制Aβ诱导的ERK磷酸化,进一步减少细胞因子的产生。     

EB病毒对新生儿脐带血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞表型的影响

从脐带血单核细胞来源树突状细胞(DC)表型变化的角度来探讨EB病毒对DC表型的影响,以阐明其逃逸宿主免疫的机制。将GM-CSF和IL-4、EB病毒和LPS不同组合对单核细胞来源DC进行刺激培养,利用单染色和三染色免疫荧光抗体标记—流式细胞术检测单核细胞来源DC表面CD14、CD11c、CD1a、HLA-DR、CD86、MR和MHCⅠ类分子。加入EB病毒后,DC表面CD14分子表达的下调不明显,CD1a的表达则随病毒加入时细胞的分化阶段有关;同时EB病毒还影响了加入LPS后HLA-DR和CD86的升高和MR的降低;EB病毒还影响了细胞表面MHCⅠ类分子的表达。因此EB病毒可抑制单核细胞来源DC的分化和成熟,这可能是其逃逸宿主免疫的机制之一。     

CCK-8对LPS诱导树突状细胞成熟的影响

目的: 观察八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导树突状细胞(DCs)成熟的影响。方法: 采用粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)诱导法培养小鼠骨髓来源DCs,在LPS诱导其成熟过程中用不同浓度的CCK-8进行干预,采用流式细胞分析技术检测DCs表面主要组织相容性复合物II(MHC II)、分化群80(CD80)和分化群86(CD86)的表达;ELISA法检测DCs培养上清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量;MTT法检测CCK-8处理DCs对同种异体T细胞增殖反应的影响。结果: CCK-8剂量依赖性地抑制LPS诱导DCs表面CD80、CD86和MHC II表达(P<0.01, P<0.05 );CCK-8抑制LPS诱导DCs分泌IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α(P<0.01);并且,CCK-8降低LPS诱导DCs刺激同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖的活性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论: CCK-8对LPS诱导DCs成熟过程中的细胞表型、细胞因子分泌和抗原提呈功能有抑制作用,提示CCK-8有可能在抗感染和抵抗自身免疫性疾病过程中发挥重要调节作用。     

LL-37 抑制结核分枝杆菌感染巨噬细胞炎性因子分泌的研究

目的:探讨LL-37 在感染结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)的巨噬细胞(Macrophage,M渍)中对炎性因子分泌的影响及其抗炎作用。方法:(1)使用豆蔻酰佛波醇乙酯(PMA)将THP-1 细胞诱导分化为具有吞噬作用的巨噬细胞(M渍),用Mtb 感染M渍,构建细胞模型,用不同浓度的LL-37 处理感染Mtb 的巨噬细胞,并设置对照组。(2)实验分组:正常对照组:THP-1+生理盐水; Mtb 组:THP-1+Mtb; Mtb+LL-37 5 μg/ ml 组:THP-1+Mtb+5 μg/ ml LL-37; Mtb+ LL-37 10 μg/ ml 组:THP-1+ Mtb+10μg/ ml LL-37; Mtb+ LL-37 20 μg/ ml 组:THP-1+Mtb+20 μg/ ml LL-37。(3)各组培养6、12、24、48 h 后用RT-PCR 检测促炎因子IL-12p40、TNF-α及抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10 mRNA 的表达;ELISA 测定上清中细胞因子IL-12p40、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-10 的分泌量。结果:与正常对照组相比较,Mtb 感染组各时间段IL-12p40、TNF-α、IL- 及IL-10 的mRNA 表达上调,并且其分泌量显著增加(P<0.05);LL-37 刺激组与Mtb 组相比较,各时间段外源性LL-37 降低促炎因子IL-12 p40、TNF-αmRNA 的表达,IL-12p40、TNF-α分泌下降(P<0.05);而IL-4、IL-10 mRNA 的表达升高,抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10 分泌增加(P<0.05)。结论:外源性LL-37 可抑制Mtb 感染的巨噬细胞炎性细胞因子分泌,其效应与LL-37 的浓度、感染Mtb 的时间相关。本研究为结核病的治疗提供了新的见解。     

IL-17A 协同GM-CSF 和LPS 促进骨髓细胞衍生树突状细胞的分化和成熟研究

目的:探讨IL鄄17A 对小鼠骨髓细胞衍生树突状细胞分化和成熟的影响。方法:分离小鼠骨髓细胞,加入含GM-CSF(20 ng/ ml)RPMI1640 完全培基培养8 d,诱导小鼠骨髓单个核细胞向DC 分化,加入LPS(1 滋g/ ml)继续培养36 h,进一步诱导DC 成熟,同时在骨髓细胞衍生诱导DC 分化及成熟的不同阶段加入不同浓度的rmIL-17A(10、100 ng/ ml),采用流式细胞术检测DC 表面共刺激分子的表达,ELISA 方法检测DC 培养上清中IL-12p40 和IL-10 水平。结果:rmIL-17A 可促进GM-CSF 诱导骨髓细胞衍生DC 表面共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86 和MHC域的表达,且具有剂量依赖性,其中以高浓度rmIL-17A刺激组的CD40 及MHC域表达增加最显著;在LPS 诱导DC 成熟阶段加入rmIL-17A,骨髓细胞衍生DC 共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86 和MHC域的表达均明显增加,并且随着rmIL-17A 浓度的增加,CD86 和MHC域的表达水平也随之增高;同时与未加rmIL鄄17A 的对照组相比,低浓度rmIL-17A 组LPS 刺激骨髓细胞衍生DC 分泌IL-12p40 和IL鄄10 水平均显著增加(P <0.001),高浓度rmIL-17A 组IL-12p40 水平显著增高(P<0.001),但IL-10 水平没有变化。结论:IL-17A 可促进GM-CSF 诱导的骨髓细胞衍生DC 前体细胞表型发展,并能协同LPS 诱导骨髓衍生DC 的分化和成熟。     

IL-33诱导的THP-1细胞对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的 探讨白介素33 (interleukin 33,IL-33)对单核细胞THP-1的诱导分化作用以及IL-33诱导分化的THP-1对胃癌SGC7901细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响.方法 IL-33刺激THP-1细胞72 h后流式细胞术检测M2巨噬细胞表面分子CD163及CD209的表达;ELISA检测细胞因子IL-1...     

Bryostatin-1调节TNF-α激活的树突状细胞免疫功能

目的探讨Bryostatin-1对树突状细胞(DC)免疫功能的调节作用。方法联合应用GM-CSF和IL-4自人外周血单核细胞定向分化DC;以Bryostatin-1刺激TNF-α诱导成熟的DC,收集DC及其上清夜,以FACS和ELISA方法分析DC表面免疫分子(CD80、CD83、CD86、HLA-DR和B7-H1)和细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-10和IL-12)表达水平;自DC提取RNA,以Northern blot分析DC的B7-h1 mRNA表达水平;以DC为诱导细胞,进一步检测DC的免疫诱导功能。结果Bryostatin-1通过降低DC表面B7-H1表达和增强B7.2表达,以及调节DC细胞因子(IL-1b、IL-12和IFN-γ)分泌,增强DC的免疫诱导功能,PKC通道特异性的抑制剂BI明显逆转Bryostatin-1的上述作用。结论Bryostatin-1增强DC免疫功能,其机制可能是激活PKC通道。     

IL-27促进外周血单个核细胞来源树突状细胞分化成熟

目的:研究IL-27体外对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的来源树突状细胞(DC)分化、成熟及其免疫活性的影响。方法:采集健康成人外周血,密度梯度离心法获得PB-MC,给予GM-CSF、IL-4诱导DC,第5天后根据不同处理因素将DC分为3组:IL-27组、TNF-α组和阴性对照组。倒置显微镜和透射电镜下观察DC形态;流式细胞术(FCM)检测DC表面分子CD1a、CD80、CD83和CD86的表达情况;MTT法检测DC刺激T细胞增殖的能力。结果:IL-27刺激后PB-MC来源DC呈现典型的成熟DC形态学特征。IL-27组DC表面CD1a、CD80、CD83和CD86表达水平较对阴性对照组均明显上调(P<0.05),与TNF-α组DC相比无显著差异。IL-27组DC诱导T细胞增殖的能力较对照组DC明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:IL-27可刺激PBMC来源DC的成熟。     

脂多糖、转化生长因子-β1对小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞的生物学作用

目的:探讨加入LPS、TGF-β1体外刺激小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC)的方法及其对生物学特性的作用.方法:GM-CSF和IL-4诱导培养小鼠BMDC 6 d后,分别用培养基(对照组)、LPS、TGF-β1、LPS+TGF-β1,刺激BMDC48 h后进行形态学观察,流式细胞术检测细胞表型CD11C、CD80、CD86、MHC Ⅱ,混合淋巴细胞反应检测其抗原提呈功能,收集上清液用ELISA检测IL-6,IL-12 p70.结果:LPS组具有最典型的成熟样DC形态,CD80、CD86及MHC Ⅱ的表达水平显著升高,混合淋巴细胞反应和分泌IL-4、IL-12 p70能力最强,与对照组,TGF-β1组,LPS+TGF-β1组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),TGF-β1组成熟样DC形态最不典型,CD80、CD86和MHC Ⅱ的表达水平最低,混合淋巴细胞反应和分泌IL-4、IL-12 p70能力最弱,与对照组,LPS组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:LPS在DC的分化晚期可以刺激其成熟,并且具有更高的生物学特性,TGF-β1不抑制DC的分化,但可以抑制DC的成熟,从而降低其生物学特性.     

4种细胞因子组合方式对小鼠树突状细胞分化发育的影响

目的观察在体外培养时4种细胞因子(CK)组合方式对小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞(DC)分化、增殖、发育的影响.方法用不同的CK定向诱导小鼠骨髓细胞分化为DC,通过流式细胞仪(荧光抗体双标记法)测定CD11c+细胞比例、MHC-Ⅱ类分子的表达及在脂多糖(LPS)刺激后CD86表达的变化.结果GM-CSF+IL-3+SCF促进DC分化、增殖的能力明显高于其他3组(P＜0.05).该组CK所诱导的DC在LPS刺激后,CD86表达增加的幅度明显低于GM-CSF+IL-4组(P＜0.01).结论GM-CSF、IL-3和SCF对于促进小鼠骨髓细胞向DC定向分化、增殖有协同作用,分化后的DC多数处于发育早期,DC前体所占的比例较大.     

Inhibition of human allergic T-cell responses by IL-10-treated dendritic cells: differences from hydrocortisone-treated dendritic cells

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to induce human allergic T(H)1 responses as well as T(H)2 responses. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the effect of antiinflammatory agents such as IL-10 and hydrocortisone (HC) on the accessory function of DCs and the resulting T-cell response, especially that of T(H)2 cells. METHODS: Naive and memory CD4(+) T cells from atopic donors were stimulated with autologous allergen-pulsed DCs generated from CD14(+) monocytes by culture with GM-CSF/IL-4 and fully matured with IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and PGE(2) in the presence or absence of IL-10 or HC. RESULTS: IL-10-treated DCs and, to a lesser extent, HC-treated DCs showed a decreased expression of MHC II molecules, the costimulatory molecule CD86, and the DC-specific marker CD83, as well as a strongly reduced IL-12 secretion. Consequently, T-cell proliferation was reduced after stimulation with IL-10- or HC-treated DCs alike. However, pretreatment of DCs with IL-10 inhibited the production of T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines by T cells, whereas HC-treated DCs inhibited production of IFN-gamma but induced an increased release of IL-4 and no change in IL-5. Both effects were long-lasting; cytokine production remained low (which was due not to enhanced apoptosis but to functional hyporesponsiveness) or even increased after restimulation with fully matured DCs. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that IL-10- or HC-treated DCs differ in their ability to influence human allergic T-cell responses. This has major implications for therapeutic strategies aiming at the downregulation of proallergic T(H)2 responses.     

IL-4 is more effective than IL-13 for in vitro differentiation of dendritic cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells which can activate T cells to induce the primary immune response. For clinical studies, DCs are often differentiated in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4. However, IL-13, a cytokine closely related to IL-4, has also been reported to induce differentiation equally or more efficiently when used with GM-CSF. For the present study, we compared the DC characteristics exhibited by iDCs and LPS-matured DCs differentiated from PBMCs using GM-CSF and IL-4 or IL-13. Physical characteristics examined include cellular morphology and surface phenotype. Functional traits investigated include FITC-dextran uptake, IL-10 and IL-12 production, allostimulation and cytokine production by stimulated T cells and antigen-specific T cell stimulation. Compared with IL-13-derived DCs, IL-4 treatment yielded more differentiated DCs, with extensive dendrites and higher expression of DC-SIGN, DEC-205, CD86 and HLA-DR. In addition, IL-4 DCs were more efficient at inducing allogeneic T cell proliferation and immature IL-4 DCs had higher endocytic activity at low FITC-dextran concentrations (1 microg ml(-1)). Although IL-13 was capable of generating DCs from PBMCs, it was not as effective as IL-4 in generating DC phenotype and functionality. Thus, the use of GM-CSF and IL-4 is the more efficient treatment for inducing DC differentiation from PBMCs.     

小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞的分离与扩增培养

目的 :探讨树突状细胞 (DC)分离纯化及其体外扩增的方法。方法 :无菌制备C57BL/6小鼠骨髓 ;依次用红细胞裂解液去除红细胞 ,通过半粘附法去除T、B细胞 ,又在粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM CSF)和白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 )协同诱导下培育 ,DC前体分化发育成DC并扩增。在第 7天用脂多糖 (LPS)和肿瘤坏死因子 a (TNF a)刺激 4 8h ,检测细胞因子白介素 12 (IL 12 )浓度及细胞表面标志CD11c、CD80、CD86和MHCⅡ。结果 :DC细胞数增加 ,其形态在光镜下多为特征性星形 ,也有梭形和多角形 ;至培养第 9天DC细胞表面标志CD11c、CD80、CD86、MHCⅡ阳性率分别为 86 .32± 12 .14 %、76 .4 2± 8.4 5%、77.12± 9.0 5%、6 8.4 5± 6 .84 % ,IL 12浓度较未用LPS和TNF a组明显增加 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :①结果所得细胞的形态和功能符合DC ;②用LPS和TNF a刺激可以获得成熟DC。     

Functional repertoire of dendritic cells generated in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interferon-alpha

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) generated in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4-DCs) are used to enhance antitumor immunity in cancer patients, although recent evidence suggests that their functional repertoire may be incomplete; in particular, IL-4-DCs appear unable to induce type 2 cytokine-producing T helper (Th) cells. To assess whether type 1 interferon (IFN) could replace IL-4 and generate DCs with a more complete repertoire, we characterized in detail DCs generated from human monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IFN-alpha (IFN-DCs). We found that IFN-alpha induces DC differentiation more efficiently than IL-4, yielding similar numbers of DCs in a shorter time and that this differentiation persists upon removal of cytokines. Although IFN-DCs had a more mature immunophenotype than IL-4-DCs, showing higher expression of CD80, CD86, and CD83, they still preserved comparable endocytic and phagocytic capacities and responsiveness to maturation stimuli. IFN-DCs had strong antigen-presenting capacity, inducing intense proliferation of T cells to alloantigens or influenza virus. Moreover, IFN-DCs produced lower levels of IL-12p70 and higher levels of IFN-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 than IL-4-DCs. As a consequence of this different pattern of cytokine secretion, IFN-DCs induced T cells to produce type 1 (IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, and as expected, IL-4-DCs induced only Th1 differentiation. As immune responses with extreme Th1 bias are considered inadequate for the induction of optimal, systemic antitumor immunity, the ability of IFN-DCs to promote more balanced cytokine responses may suggest the advisability to consider these cells in the development of future, DC-based immunotherapy trials.     

Delivery of rapamycin by PLGA nanoparticles enhances its suppressive activity on dendritic cells

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapamycin delivery by poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles on the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow and exposed to particulate and soluble rapamycin without any additional treatment, or with pre- or posttreatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was performed on DC cultures to assess the viability of DCs during study. Surface phenotype of DCs was characterized for the expression of maturation markers, that is, MHC class II, CD86, and CD40 by flow cytometry. Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for the production of TGF-beta, IL-12, and IL-10 cytokines using sandwich ELISA method. DCs from Balb/C mice were cocultured with T cells from C57BL/6 mice and allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction was assessed by [3H]-Thymidine incorporation. Unlike free rapamycin that has shown little if any effect on the expression of maturation markers in immature DCs, PLGA encapsulated rapamycin decreased the expression of all maturation markers under the study, that is, MHC class II, CD86, and CD40, significantly. LPS pre- or posttreated DCs demonstrated decreased expression of MHC class II, CD86, and CD40 in the presence of soluble or encapsulated rapamycin. The cytokine secretion profiles revealed high levels of TGF-beta and very low levels of IL-10 and IL-12 production. Rapamycin in soluble or encapsulated form significantly inhibited mixed lymphocyte reaction in DCs. The inhibitory effect of rapamycin on the maturation of DCs with respect to DC phenotype, cytokine production, and functional effects on the proliferation of T cells was significantly increased by PLGA delivery.     

IL-3对小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞分化发育的影响

比较 GM- CSF IL- 4与 IL- 3 IL- 4两种方法培养制备的树突状细胞 (Dendritic cell,DC)在形态、产量、免疫表型和抗原摄取能力方面的差异。用 GM- CSF IL- 4和 IL- 3 IL- 4分别诱导小鼠骨髓来源的前体细胞分化为成熟树突状细胞 ,通过相差显微镜、扫描电镜、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜进行形态观察 ,流式细胞术分析细胞免疫表型和摄取抗原能力。结果表明 ,IL- 3 IL- 4诱导的 DC产量高 ,细胞纯度好 ,形态上与 GM- CSF IL- 4诱导的DC类似 ;细胞免疫表型显示高表达 MHC 类分子 ,但低表达或不表达 CD80、CD86 ;IL- 3 IL- 4诱导的 DC具有强大的摄取抗原能力。 IL- 3替代 GM- CSF可诱导低表达共刺激分子的耐受型 DC