黄连乙醇提取物与盐酸小檗碱体外抗炎对比研究北大核心CSCD

目的:比较黄连乙醇提取物与盐酸小檗碱体外抗炎活性,探索体外抗炎机制。方法:通过脂多糖体外刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞建立细胞炎症模型,给药干预后,LPS长时间刺激RAW264.7细胞,MTT比色法分析黄连乙醇提取物及盐酸小檗碱对RAW264.7细胞生长活性的影响。酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、NO、前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量。实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测i Nos、HO-1、TNF-αmRNA表达。结果:在5~80 mg/L范围内,黄连乙醇提取物及盐酸小檗碱对RAW264.7细胞无抑制作用;各浓度给药组IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、NO、前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量与LPS刺激模型组比较均有显著性(P<0.01),且浓度与剂量无效应相关。实时荧光定量RT-PCR结果显示,各浓度给药组均明显降低i Nos、HO-1、TNF-αmRNA表达(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01),且与浓度不呈效应关系。结论:黄连乙醇提取物具有体外抗炎作用,抗炎活性优于盐酸小檗碱,其作用机制可能与抑制TNF-α、NO等炎症因子的活化,进而影响花生四烯酸(AA)代谢有关。     

三黄四物汤对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞的抗炎作用

目的对比三黄四物汤(SST)不同溶剂提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞抗炎作用及相关机制并分析其主要成分。方法制备三黄四物汤的水及无水乙醇提取物;高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析提取物主要成分;以LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞建立炎症模型;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活率;Griess反应检测细胞上清液中NO水平;ELISA法检测细胞上清中PGE2、IL-6、TNF-α水平;Western blot法检测COX-2、iNOS、MAPK、NF-κB蛋白表达。结果三黄四物汤水提物(SSTW)主要成分来自黄芩和黄连,乙醇提取物(SSTE)主要成分来自黄连、当归和黄芩。SSTE比SSTW对细胞存活率影响更大。两者均降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO、PGE2、IL-6、TNF-α水平和COX-2、iNOS、MAPK、NF-κB相关蛋白表达,且SSTE比SSTW降低水平更明显。结论三黄四物汤水和乙醇提取物均能够有效抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,其机制与MAPK和NF-κB通路相关;乙醇提取物体外抗炎效果更佳,但细胞毒性更强,可能与当归成分有关。     

肾上腺素对小鼠巨噬细胞中促炎／抗炎介质比值的影响

目的：研究肾上腺素对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞株RAW264.7中促炎介质［肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、一氧化氮（NO）、环加氧酶-2（COX-2）］和抗炎介质［血红素氧化酶-1（HO-1）、白介素10（IL-10）］表达及NF-κB活化的影响。 方法： 以10 μg/L的LPS刺激体外培养的RAW264.7细胞作为炎症模型，加入不同浓度的肾上腺素（1、5、10、50 μmol/L）孵育24 h后，收集培养上清并提取细胞总蛋白，酶联免疫法测定上清中TNF-α、IL-10浓度，Griess法检测上清NO含量(以NO2-/NO3-表示)，免疫印迹法检测细胞总蛋白中COX-2、HO-1、IκB-α的含量。 结果： 10 μg/L的LPS明显诱导TNF-α、NO(NO2-/NO3-)、COX-2、IL-10及HO-1的产生；LPS+肾上腺素组与LPS单独作用组相比促炎介质TNF-α、NO(NO2-/NO3-)、COX-2的表达量显著下降，而抗炎介质IL-10、HO-1的表达却明显增强；肾上腺素与LPS共同作用组中IκB-α的含量与单独LPS作用组相比无明显差异。 结论： 肾上腺素下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中促炎介质的表达同时促进抗炎介质的表达，这种效应并不通过影响NF-κB的活化来实现。     

姜黄素对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞PGE_2和IL-10影响

目的:观察姜黄素对脂多糖刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的影响。方法:体外培养小鼠RAW264.7细胞,脂多糖刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞分泌细胞因子,用不同浓度姜黄素进行干预,ELISA法检测培养上清液中抗炎细胞因子IL-10和炎症因子PGE2含量。结果:姜黄素可抑制脂多糖刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞释放PGE2,促进抗炎因子IL-10表达,并呈一定量效关系,其影响细胞因子释放作用与细胞毒作用无关。结论:姜黄素呈浓度依赖性地抑制脂多糖刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞释放PGE2,促进IL-10表达。     

三黄泻心汤对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞释放炎性细胞因子影响的研究

目的:观察三黄泻心汤对LPS刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞释放炎性细胞因子的影响。方法:体外培养小鼠RAW264.7细胞,LPS刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞分泌细胞因子,用不同浓度三黄泻心汤及三黄泻心汤有效组分进行干预,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中TNF-α含量。结果:三黄泻心汤及三黄泻心汤有效组分可抑制LPS刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞释放TNF-α,并且其影响细胞因子释放作用与细胞毒作用无关。结论:三黄泻心汤及其有效组分B2、B3可抑制LPS刺激小鼠RAW264.7细胞释放TNF-α。     

川续断皂苷Ⅵ对M1/M2型巨噬细胞极化的调节作用及机制

目的：研究川续断皂苷Ⅵ对M1/M2型巨噬细胞极化的调节作用及机制。方法：MTT法检测川续断皂苷Ⅵ对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响。ELISA检测脂多糖（LPS）诱导状态下RAW264.7细胞上清中TNF-α和IL-6的分泌量；Griess法检测LPS诱导状态下RAW264.7细胞上清中一氧化氮（NO）含量；荧光定量PCR检测TNF-α、IL-6、精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)和细胞因子信号转导抑制蛋白-2(SOCS2)基因表达水平。Western blot检测一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和p-p65蛋白表达。结果：在LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中，川续断皂苷Ⅵ抑制TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS和p-p65蛋白或基因表达水平，同时增加HO-1基因表达。川续断皂苷Ⅵ能抑制LPS诱导下RAW264.7细胞分泌的NO。川续断皂苷Ⅵ增加IL-4诱导下M2型巨噬细胞标志物Arg1和SOCS2基因表达。结论：川续断皂苷Ⅵ可以抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞向M1型极化，同时促进其向M2型极化，可通过调节M1/M2型巨噬细胞极化发挥其抗炎免疫调节作用。     

α-促黑素细胞激素抑制RAW264.7细胞产生炎症相关的免疫分子

目的 研究α-促黑素细胞激素（α-MSH）对巨噬细胞产生炎症相关的免疫分子的影响。探讨α-MSH的抗炎作用机制。方法 分别用LPS或α-MSH PLS处理体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞,以Griess试剂测定NO,采用DADPH-黄递酶组织化学染色法检测iNOS,采用MTT法检测IL-1和TNF-α,采用ELISA法测定IL-6,细胞膜表面免疫相关分子的表达用FACS进行分析。结果 RAW264.7细胞在LPS刺激下产生NO、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α显著增多,iNOS活性明显增强,细胞表面MHC Ⅱ、CD14、CD40、CD54、CD80和CD86分子表达水平增高;若在LPS刺激的同时给予α-MSH,能够抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞产生NO,IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α,使iNOS活性及表达MHCⅡ、CD14、CD40、CD54、CD86分子降低,但CD80分子降低不明显。结论 α-MSH抑制巨噬细胞产生NO、iNOS、前炎性细胞因子及表达膜表面免疫相关分子是其抗炎作用的重要机制之一。     

厚朴酚对骨关节炎的抗炎和软骨保护作用

目的探讨厚朴酚的体外抗炎活性和对碘乙酸单钠(MIA)诱导的骨关节炎(OA)的影响。方法脂多糖(LPS)处理的RAW264.7细胞中体外评价厚朴酚的抗炎作用,设立LPS组、厚朴酚不同浓度组(5、10、20μmol/L),以正常培养的细胞作为对照组,Griess试剂测量培养基中NO的累积;Western blot检测细胞iNOS、COX-2蛋白的表达。MIA诱导OA的SD大鼠模型,分为MIA组、厚朴酚不同浓度组(5、10、20 mg/kg),以正常大鼠作为对照组,取大鼠膝关节组织样本进行组织学分析,实时PCR分析大鼠IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、MMP-2、MMP-9和COX-2的mRNA表达;ELISA检测培养基上清液中PGE 2、IL-6及各组大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量。结果厚朴酚抑制LPS处理的RAW264.7细胞中的NO、PGE2和IL-6的产生(P0.05)。此外,厚朴酚抑制MIA诱导OA大鼠模型的IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的升高及MMP-2、MMP-9和COX-2的合成(P0.05)。结论厚朴酚在OA大鼠模型中发挥有效的抗炎活性并保护软骨。     

连翘酯苷A通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路并激活Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制LPS诱导的炎症及氧化应激

目的 探讨连翘酯苷A(forsythiaside A,FSA)对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症和氧化应激的影响.方法 建立LPS诱导RAW 264.7巨噬细胞模型,给予不同质量浓度连翘酯苷A,以观察其对炎症介质(NO和PGE2)生成和促炎细胞因子(TNF-α和IL-1β)表达的影响,并探讨其可能机制.结果 ...     

荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞抗炎作用及相关机制研究

目的在荔枝草抗炎有效部位筛选的基础上,深入研究荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物(LZC)体外抗炎的作用及相关机制,为荔枝草的临床开发利用提供实验数据和理论依据。方法以脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7建立炎症模型,检测LZC对该炎症模型释放的炎症因子以及炎症信号通路TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB中关键基因表达的影响。结果荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物在6.25~25μg/ml范围内,可显著抑制LPS刺激的RAW 264.7细胞炎症因子PGE2、NO、TNF-α和IL-6的释放水平,且具有量效关系。进一步研究结果显示,荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物也能显著抑制TLR4、MyD88和NF-κBp65蛋白和mRNA水平的表达。结论荔枝草乙酸乙酯提取物可通过TLR4信号通路减少炎症相关因子的释放从而发挥抗炎的作用。     

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 via PI3K/Akt and Nrf-2 signaling pathways mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of Schisandrin in Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-stimulated macrophages

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis is thought to induce periodontitis. In this study, we isolated Schisandrin from the dried fruits of Schisandra chinensis and examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Schisandrin in macrophages stimulated with LPS from P. gingivalis. First, Schisandrin inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. And Schisandrin suppressed the nuclear translocation and activity of NF-κB and phosphorylation of IκBα in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Next, the presence of a selective inhibitor of HO-1 (SnPP) and a siRNA specific for HO-1 inhibited Schisandrin-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, Schisandrin induced HO-1 expression of RAW 264.7 cells through Nrf-2, PI3K/Akt, and ERK activation. Therefore, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Schisandrin on P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells may be due to a reduction of NF-κB activity and induction of the expression of HO-1, leading to TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 down-regulation.     

Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of a Folk Herbal Medicine,Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke at RAW264.7 Cell Line

This study is to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the ethanol extract of Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke. An inflammatory cellular model was established by addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on RAW264.7 cell line. The cellular secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NO and IL-10 in supernatant, mRNA expression of TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS and HO-1, protein expression of COX-2 and HO-1, and activation of NF-κB were assayed by ELISA, the Griess method, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot and immunocytochemistry method, respectively. The ethanol extract of D. indica not only reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators and blocked NF-κB activation, but also slightly promoted release of the anti-inflammatory mediator HO-1 and suppressed IL-10 secretion. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of D. indica are attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators by blocking NF-κB activation. The extract of D. indica can also slightly promote HO-1 production to reduce inflammation.     

草木犀石油醚提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞促炎介质的影响

目的 研究草木犀石油醚提取物在体外的抗炎作用.方法 采用小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW 264.7建立炎症细胞模型,加入10 μg/L的LPS培养液和不同浓度的草木犀石油醚提取物进行干预.ELISA法检测上清液中TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6和NO的分泌量;实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测TNF-α, iNOS 和 COX-2的 mRNA表达;Western 印迹法检测COX-2 蛋白的表达.结果 草木犀提取物干预后细胞所分泌的炎性介质(TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6和NO)与模型组相比均显著降低(P＜0.01),并存在剂量依赖关系;RT-PCR结果显示干预后细胞TNF-α,iNOS和COX-2的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P＜0.01),也存在剂量依赖关系;Western印迹结果显示草木犀石油醚提取物及地塞米松干预后COX-2蛋白水平明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 草木犀的石油醚提取物通过下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞表达炎性介质而发挥其体外抗炎作用, 且其下调作用呈剂量依赖性.     

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cell

Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl has long been used as a fork herb in inflammation-related therapy. This study was undertaken to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the plant. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for evaluating the extract. While dexamethasone (DM) was used as a positive control, the effects of ethanol extract on the production of IL-1beta, IL-6, NO, COX-2 and TNF-alpha, the expression of iNOS mRNA, TNF-alpha mRNA, COX-2 mRNA, protein production of COX-2 and HO-1, NF-kappaB and I-kappaB of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were studied by sandwich ELISA, real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry assay respectively. The results showed that K. striata (Thunb.) Schindl had a good anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. On one hand, it could significantly inhibit the production of IL-1beta, IL-6, NO, TNF-alpha, COX-2 in LPS-stimulated cell than that of single LPS stimulated cell (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). On the other hand, it could increase the production of IL-10 and HO-1 than that of single LPS intervention cell (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Furthermore, the extract also could inhibit the production of NF-kappaB and I-kappaB compared to single LPS stimulated cell. In a word, it suggested that the anti-inflammatory actions of K. striata (Thunb.) Schindl ethanol extract might be due to the down-regulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, NO, TNF-alpha and COX-2 via the suppression of NF-kappaB activation and conversation of I-kappaB production, and another pathway was up regulating the production of IL-10 and HO-1.     

Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E<Subscript>2</Subscript> production by chloroform fraction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cudrania tricuspidata</Emphasis> in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Background

Cudrania tricuspidata extract is an important traditional herbal remedy for tumors, inflammation, gastritis, and liver damage and is predominantly used in Korea, China, and Japan. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract have not yet been conclusively proved.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the effects of the CHCl₃ fraction (CTC) of a methanol extract of C. tricuspidata on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Results

We observed that the protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 enzymes were markedly inhibited by CTC in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CTC reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Conclusions

Our results show that the C. tricuspidata extract could modulate macrophage-mediated inflammatory functions such as the overproduction of cytokines, NO, and PGE2. The CTC was found to be the active fraction in this context.

     

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of a folk herbal medicine, Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke at RAW264.7 cell line

This study is to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the ethanol extract of Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke. An inflammatory cellular model was established by addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on RAW264.7 cell line. The cellular secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, NO and IL-10 in supernatant, mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, COX-2, iNOS and HO-1, protein expression of COX-2 and HO-1, and activation of NF-kappaB were assayed by ELISA, the Griess method, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot and immunocytochemistry method, respectively. The ethanol extract of D. indica not only reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators and blocked NF-kappaB activation, but also slightly promoted release of the anti-inflammatory mediator HO-1 and suppressed IL-10 secretion. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of D. indica are attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators by blocking NF-kappaB activation. The extract of D. indica can also slightly promote HO-1 production to reduce inflammation.     

β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside isolated from the bark of Sorbus commixta ameliorates pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages

The bark of Sorbus commixta has been used in Asian traditional medicine for treatment of cough, asthma, bronchial disorders, gastritis and dropsy. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of β-sitosteryl-3- O -β-glucopyranoside, a major compound of the bark of S. commixta, is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms of β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and cytokines released from cells were measured using EIA assay kit. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or Western blot analysis. β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and PGE₂ along with the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside inhibited the NF-κB activation induced by LPS, which was associated with the abrogation of IκBα degradation and subsequent decreases in nuclear p65 levels. The result suggested that the β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-glucopyranoside inhibited NO and pro-inflammatory productions by down-regulating the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via the negative regulation of the NF-кB pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.     

Expolysaccharides from Bifidobacterium animalis RH activates RAW 264.7 macrophages through toll-like receptor 4

A water-soluble expolysaccharide (EPS) was prepared from Bifidobacterium animalis RH by enzymatic hydrolysis, ethanol precipitation and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Its immunomodulating activity was evaluated using murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The data obtained showed that the EPS promoted proliferation and phagocytosis activity of RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the EPS promoted RAW 264.7 cells to produce NO, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in a dose-dependent manner. Further work revealed that the EPS activated RAW 264.7 cells majorly through TLR4.