期前收缩后心肌复极异常的临床意义探讨

目的：探讨期前收缩后心肌复极异常的临床意义。方法：分析247例期前收缩后心肌复极的变化情况。结果：期前收缩后伴与不伴有心肌复极异常的病因，心血管病分别为68／78例与58／169例，其中冠心病分别38／78例与18／169例，差异均有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01），冠心病期前收缩后T波倒置加深、ST段改变、T波改变伴ST段和／或U波异常较其它各疾病组明显增高，差异均具有显著性意义（P＜0．05）；频发与偶发室上性期前收缩及室性期前收缩所出现的各类型心肌复极异常差异均无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：期前收缩后伴心肌复极异常主要见于心血管疾病，可提示为器质性期前收缩，有助于与功能性期前收缩相鉴别，对冠心病的诊断有一定意义。     

心肌复极异常心电图表现与冠心病患者心肌酶谱指标的关系研究

目的探究心肌复极异常心电图表现与冠心病患者心肌酶谱指标的关系。方法选取2015年6月—2016年4月在清河县中心医院就诊的冠心病患者198例,分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组45例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组78例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组75例,另选取同期在本院体检健康者40例作为对照组。比较4组受试者心肌复极异常心电图表现及心肌酶谱指标〔天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)〕,并比较不同心肌复极异常心电图表现患者心肌酶谱指标。结果 AMI组、UAP组和SAP组患者ST段异常、T波异常发生率高于对照组,AMI组和UAP组患者ST段异常、T波异常发生率高于SAP组,AMI组患者ST段异常、T波异常发生率高于UAP组(P0.05);AMI组患者V2导联Tp-Te间期长于UAP组、SAP组和对照组(P0.05)。SAP组患者血清CK水平高于对照组(P0.05),而SAP组患者与对照组受试者血清AST、CK-MB、LDH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);AMI组和UAP组患者血清AST、CK、CK-MB及LDH水平高于对照组,AMI组患者血清AST、CK和CK-MB水平高于UAP组(P0.05),而AMI组和UAP组患者血清LDH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ST段异常患者血清AST、CK、CK-MB及LDH水平高于无ST段异常患者,T波异常患者血清AST、CK、CK-MB及LDH水平高于无T波异常患者(P0.05)。结论心肌复极异常心电图表现与冠心病患者心肌酶谱指标升高有关。     

ST—T改变（一）ST改变的机制与分类

ST段在心电图上从 QRS波终末至 T波开始 ,正常时位于基线上。在体表心电图上 ,最容易产生错误分析的是 ST段和 T波 ,其中一个重要原因 :ST段和 T波常依据描述而不是所测的值 ,这就需要对其有足够理解以减少误诊。1 . ST段形成机制和 ST段改变分类ST段相当于心室肌细胞跨膜电位 2相 (缓慢复极期 ) ,位于基线上意味着心室复极平台 2期无明显电位差。ST段改变包括时程延长或缩短 ,或从基线向上或向下偏移 ,也可伴有 T波改变。其中 ST段偏移又分为 :原发性 ST段改变和继发性 ST段改变。前者与心肌复极有关 ,后者与心室肌复极无关。2 …     

心肌复极异常心电图表现与冠心病病人AST、CK、CK-MB及LDH水平的相关性

目的研究心肌复极异常心电图表现与冠心病病人天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平的相关性。方法选取2015年1月-2016年1月在我院接受治疗的冠心病病人150例作为观察组。根据冠心病类型的不同,将病人分为3组:不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组以及急性心肌梗死(AMI)组,每组50例。另选取同期来我院进行体检的健康人50例作为正常对照组。比较4组研究对象的心肌复极异常心电图和心肌酶谱相关指标。并比较不同心电图结果病人的心肌酶谱相关指标。结果 4组ST段异常、T波异常及V2导联Tp-Te间期比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);T波异常发生率及ST段异常发生率随病情加重升高(P<0.05);AMI组V2导联Tp-Te间期明显长于对照组、SAP组及UAP组(P<0.05)。AMI组、UAP组LDH、CK-MB、CK及AST水平均明显高于对照组;AMI组LDH、CK-MB、CK及AST水平明显高于UAP组与对照组(P<0.05)。存在心肌复极异常病人的心肌酶谱指标水平显著高于心肌复极正常病人(P<0.05)。结论心肌复极异常与冠心病病人心肌酶谱相关指标有一定关系,当心肌复极异常时会导致冠心病病人心肌酶谱指标升高,可以此作为冠心病病人心肌损伤程度评价的指标之一。     

急性心肌梗死患者心肌复极异常心电图表现及其与恶性心律失常的关系研究

背景恶性心律失常可导致急性心肌梗死患者出现晕厥或猝死,因此探讨急性心肌梗死患者心肌复极异常心电图表现与恶性心律失常的关系具有重要意义。目的分析急性心肌梗死患者心肌复极异常心电图表现及其与恶性心律失常的关系。方法选取2016年10月—2018年9月湖北医药学院附属东风总医院收治的急性心肌梗死患者105例,根据恶性心律失常发生情况分为A组(发生恶性心律失常,n=41)和B组(未发生恶性心律失常,n=64)。分析所有患者心肌复极异常心电图表现及恶性心律失常发生情况,比较两组患者心肌复极异常心电图表现;急性心肌梗死患者心肌复极异常心电图表现与恶性心律失常的关系分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 (1)105例急性心肌梗死患者中出现ST段异常94例(89.5%),T波异常91例(86.7%),QT间期离散度(QTd)为(74.57±10.69)ms,校正的QT间期离散度(QTcd)为(84.63±12.79)ms,Tp-Te间期为(114.46±22.57)ms。(2)105例急性心肌梗死患者中发生恶性心律失常41例(39.0%),其中快速心室扑动/心室颤动10例,持续性室性心动过速10例、尖端扭转型室性心动过速5例、严重三度房室传导阻滞4例、单形性室性心动过速3例、多形性室性心动过速2例、其他7例。(3)A组患者中ST段异常、T波异常、QTd70 ms、QTcd80 ms、Tp-Te间期≥100 ms者所占比例高于B组(P0.05)。(4)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ST段异常、T波异常、QTd70 ms、QTcd80 ms、Tp-Te间期≥100 ms是急性心肌梗死患者恶性心律失常的危险因素(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者心肌复极异常心电图表现主要包括ST段异常、T波异常、QT间期延长及Tp-Te间期延长,恶性心律失常发生率为39.0%;ST段异常、T波异常、QTd70 ms、QTcd80 ms、Tp-Te间期≥100 ms是急性心肌梗死患者恶性心律失常的危险因素。     

ST段水平延长对冠心病的诊断价值探讨

为探讨ST段水平延长≥0.12s对冠心病的诊断价值,对冠心病组(n=56)与对照组(n=39)的心电图进行对比分析。结果显示两组ST段水平延长>0.12s阳性率间差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01),ST段水平延长诊断冠心病的敏感度为78.6％,特异度为89.7％,准确度为83.2％,阳性预测值为91.7％;同时冠心病组18例有对称直立T波的心向量图均有原发性T环异常改变。提示ST段水平延长≥0.12s对冠心病有较高的诊断价值,如同时伴T波改变将进一步提高诊断准确性。     

室性期前收缩后ST段、T波异常96例报告

1998年以来 ,我们对 96例患者的室性期前收缩后 ST段、T波异常情况进行了观察。现报告如下。临床资料 :本文室性期前收缩后 ST段、T波异常患者 96例 ,男 5 7例 ,女 39例 ;年龄 33～ 85岁 ,平均 ( 6 4 .2± 12 .1)岁。其中冠心病 4 4例 ,高血压病 2 0例 ,其它心脏病 18例 ,非心血管病 14例。方法 :测量 ST段自 J点后 0 .0 4秒至 T波开始 ,时限为0 .0 5～ 0 .15秒 ,以 T- P段作为基线 ;ST段上移时自基线上缘量至 ST段上缘 ,ST段下移则自基线下缘量至 ST段下缘。测量 T波自基线的上缘垂直地测量到波形的顶点 ,测量倒置波的深度时应自…     

右美托咪啶对冠心病心肌氧耗及缺血的影响

目的观察右美托咪啶对冠心病患者开胸手术心肌氧耗和缺血的影响。方法选择40例合并冠心病的开胸手术患者,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,随机分为对照组（C组）和右美托咪啶组（D组）。术中以HP多功能监测系统连续监测无创血压、SpO2和心电变化,应用ST-T段自动分析监测系统监测ST段及T波变化。于麻醉前、静脉注射右美托咪啶10 min、麻醉诱导气管插管完毕即刻、术毕、拔管完毕即刻、拔管后30 min,记录上述各参数。以收缩压（SBP）、心率（HR）、心率收缩压乘积（RPP）作为心肌氧耗的指标,以ST段及T波改变作为心肌缺血和缺氧的指标。结果 C组在麻醉诱导气管插管完毕即刻、拔管完毕时、拔管后30 min,SBP、HR、RPP均有升高（P〈0.05）;D组在注射右美托咪啶10 min后各时间点ST段及T波有显著性改善（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪啶应用于冠心病患者开胸手术能降低心肌耗氧,改善心肌缺血,有助于降低围术期冠心病患者的并发症。     

436例女性动态心电图与活动平板运动检查ST-T改变分析

本组均为女性患者。年龄25～60岁。大多因发作性心悸、气短、心前区不适、头晕而就诊。24小时动态心电图（D（、G）检查。发生ST—T改变者301例,其中单纯性ST段改变138例;单纯性T波改变163例,检出室性期前收缩（PVS）187例,房性期前收缩（PAS）195例。PAS并PVS 205例。本组均作活动平板运动试验。运动前T波低平、负正双向、浅倒者。运动后T波均直立。有6例在运动结束后3～4分钟出现T波负正或正负双向。5～8分钟T波逐渐恢复直立。ST段下移者,运动后ST段恢复正常者157例,运动后ST段未继续发生改变（下移或上抬）85例。     

心脏性晕厥或猝死的若干高危心电表现

目的 探讨快速性心律失常所致心脏性晕厥或猝死的高危心电图表现。方法 分析入院时或入院后至少发生1次心脏性晕厥或猝死的33例患者发作时与发作前后的常规12导联心电图或持续心电监护心电图。结果 引起心脏性晕厥或猝死的若干高危心电图表现：①长Q—T间期综合征，②Brugada综合征，③异常J波，④复杂性室性期前收缩，⑤冠心病急性心肌梗死呈广泛前壁心肌梗死伴新出现的右束支传导阻滞及弓背抬高的ST段持续不降，或伴ST—T电交替；或广泛前壁心肌梗死伴墓碑样ST段抬高，⑥扩张型心肌病伴进展性QRS波群低电压。结论 心脏性晕厥或猝死存在多种高危心电图表现。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.