Reliability and validity of the Functional Living Index-Cancer in Turkish cancer patients

The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Functional Living Index-Cancer in Turkey. The English version of the Functional Living Index-Cancer was translated into Turkish following the standard translation methodology. The questionnaire was administered to 110 cancer patients who had been receiving chemotherapy. Internal consistency reliability was in the acceptable range for this instrument. Among cancer patients, the Cronbach alpha reliability for the total scale was .88, and subscale alpha coefficients ranged from .60 to .83, which is similar to the alpha of .79 observed in the Functional Living Index-Cancer, English version. The results of the principle components analysis and varimax rotation resulted in 5-factor structure: physical functioning, psychological functioning, current well-being, social functioning, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The results of this study suggest that the Turkish version of the Functional Living Index-Cancer is a reliable and valid supplementary measure of the quality of life in cancer patients in Turkey, and it can be used in clinical trials and studies of outcome research in oncology.     

Reliability and validity of the breast cancer screening belief scale among Turkish women

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Turkish women, and the use of breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography remains low in Turkey. Therefore, we need to identify the beliefs, influencing BSE and mammography, and a valid and reliable tool to measure constructs. The Champion's health belief model scale (CHBMS) is a valid and reliable tool to measure beliefs about breast cancer, BSE, and mammography in an English culture. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of a Turkish version of the CHBMS related to breast cancer, BSE, and mammography. A convenience sample of 656 women was recruited from 3 health centers and 2 maternal and child health centers in Istanbul. The CHBMS was translated to Turkish, validated by professional judges, back translated, and tested. Factor analysis yielded 7 factors for BSE: confidence, seriousness, barriers-BSE, health motivation 1 and 2, susceptibility, and benefits-BSE. For mammography scale, 6 factors were identified: seriousness, benefits-mammography, barriers-mammography, health motivation 1 and 2, and susceptibility. All items on each factor were from the same construct. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients ranged from.75 to.87 for the subscales. The Turkish version of the CHBMS showed adequate reliability and validity for use in Turkish women. It could easily be used to evaluate the health beliefs about breast cancer, BSE, and mammography. Further refinement is required to study Turkish women's health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors in various settings.     

Translation of the short version of the Perinatal Grief Scale into Swedish

INTRODUCTION: Women's emotions and grief after miscarriage are influenced not only by the context in which the miscarriage occurred but also by their past experience, the circumstances around the miscarriage and their future prospects. Their emotions therefore express a specific form of grief. Normally the time needed to work through the loss varies. A number of different scales, measuring women's emotions and grief after miscarriage have been published. One instrument that measures the specific grief, such as the grief after miscarriage is the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) that was designed to measure grief after perinatal loss and has good reliability and validity. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to translate the PGS into Swedish and to use the translation in a small pilot study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The original short version of the PGS was first translated from English into Swedish and then back-translated into English, using different translators. During translation and back-translation, not only the linguistic and grammatical aspects were considered but also cultural differences. The Likert 5-point and a 10-point scale were tested in a pilot study where 12 volunteers anonymously answered the PGS twice. The intra-personal correlations were compared and analysed with weighted kappa-coefficient. FINDINGS: In all, five different versions were tested before the final Swedish version was established. The weighted kappa-coefficient for the volunteers was 0.58, which is regarded as representing good reproducibility. CONCLUSION: The PGS was translated successfully into Swedish and could be used in a Swedish population. As this work is rather time-consuming we therefore wish to publish the Swedish version so that it may be used by other researchers.     

The Bournemouth Questionnaire for Neck Pain: Cross-cultural Adaptation,Reliability, and Validity of the Turkish Version

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was first to translate and culturally adapt the BQN, and then to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BQN in Turkish individuals with chronic neck pain.MethodsThe English version of the BQN was translated into Turkish with permission from its authors. That translation was assessed using 85 participants with a mean age of 46.75 years who had chronic neck pain. At the same time, the participants were assessed sociodemographically and with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD). A test–retest procedure was performed with 62 participants who underwent a second assessment with the BQN within 24 hours of the first assessment, to test its reliability.ResultsInternal consistency was strong and all Cronbach alpha values were between 0.97 and 0.99. The BQN showed high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ˃ 0.92) for all domains. The total mean (± standard deviation) scores for the 3 questionnaires were as follows: BQN, 30.9 (± 11.18); NPAD, 48.16 (± 12.93); NDI, 17.85 (± 6.29). The results of the Turkish version of the BQN illustrated adequate external construct validity and sensitivity. A Turkish translation of the test has not previously been available for chronic pain.ConclusionThe BQN was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. The reliability and validity were tested against the NPAD and the NDI. The Turkish version of the BQN is multidimensional, short, practical, and suitable for use with individuals with neck pain.     

Study of the reliability and validity of the Community Health Intensity Rating Scale (CHIRS) in the Turkish community

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Community Health Intensity Rating Scale (CHIRS) that was translated into the Turkish language and applied in the Turkish community. The CHIRS is a tool that assesses the intensity of need for care of persons/families in the community. The original version of the tool was translated into Turkish, examined for face validity and language appropriateness by the Turkish experts, and then applied to 372 families living in Odemis, Turkey. Significant correlations were found between total scale score (TSS) and total number of household members, and between the TSS and the total number of visits to any health institution within the previous month. In addition, the self-health care needs evaluation scores supported predictive validity. For reliability, min-max values, standard errors and deviations, skewness, and kurtosis coefficients of parameter scores, domain scores, and TSS were examined. The mean TSS was 26.7 (+/- 5.32) and the mean age of the participants was 35.0 years. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha (.525) and Guttman split-half coefficient (.629) values were established for the TSS. In conclusion, the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of CHIRS have been established.     

An Arabic Language Version of the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile instrument in Jordan, whose society and culture differ from that of North America, where the instrument was developed. The instrument was translated into Arabic, back-translated, and pilot tested to ascertain cultural sensitivity. The Arabic version was then evaluated using a convenience sample of 950 adults in the northern part of Jordan using a principal components factor analysis. The order of factors was not entirely identical to those isolated previously during the psychometric assessment of the English language version. Only the structure of three factors—self-actualization, health responsibility—and exercise were the same as those obtained in the English version. The forced, six factor solution explained only 39.3% of the variance in the measure. The alpha reliability coefficients were 0.89 for the total scale and ranged from 0.85 to 0.60 for the subscales. It was concluded that the Arabic version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile has demonstrated initial reliability and validity. Further testing is recommended.     

Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale for Healthy Behaviors

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale for Healthy Behaviors (CASSS-HB).

Translation and Testing of the Cardiac Diet Self-Efficacy Scale for Use With Taiwanese Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purposes of this investigation were to translate the Cardiac Diet Self-Efficacy (CDSE) scale from English to Mandarin Chinese and to test the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the translated scale in a sample of Taiwanese older adults.
Design and Sample: This study used a methodological design to translate the CDSE based on the Brislin's model: (1) translation from source language (SL) of English to the target language (TL) of Chinese, (2) evaluation of Chinese version, (3) blind back translation from Chinese to English, (4) comparison of original and back-translated English versions, and (5) evaluation of the translated scale by a committee of bilingual Taiwanese experts. The translated CDSE scale was tested with 156 community-dwelling Taiwanese older adults, and any problems occurring during the administration of the scale were documented.
Results and Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of CDSE scale were acceptable. However, the validity of items may have been impacted by differences in culture, language, and educational levels between English-speaking and Chinese-speaking populations. These findings suggest the need for further methodological study to evaluate and refine translation tools to resolve differences in culture, language, and educational levels between SL and TL.     

Assessment of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: reliability and functionality of the Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire and assess its reliability and validity. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were included in the study. The Turkish version of Boston Questionnaire was obtained after translation process, and was then administered to subjects twice within seven days. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation), and reproducibility. Validity was examined by correlating the Boston Questionnaire scores to general health status (Short Form-36), pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale) and pinch and grip strength measures. RESULTS: Reliability of the Turkish version was very good, with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.82 for symptom severity scale, and 0.88 for functional status scale), and reproducibility (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.60 for symptom severity scale, and 0.77 for functional status scale). The Boston Questionnaire scores were correlated with Visual Analogue Scale, physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain and emotional role subscales of Short Form-36, pinch and grip strength scores to obtain coefficients for external construct validity. CONCLUSION: Adaptation of the Boston Questionnaire for use in Turkey was successful. Our results seem to support previous finding of the English version, indicating that it is valid and reliable.     

中文版决策自我效能量表在原发性肝癌患者治疗决策中的信效度检验

目的 对决策自我效能量表汉化,并通过在原发性肝癌患者决策中的应用进行信效度检验,以评价该量表在我国癌症患者治疗决策领域应用的可行性.方法 按照Brislin量表汉化原则,对量表进行翻译、回译和跨文化调适.采用便利抽样法选取150名原发性肝癌住院患者为研究对象,检验中文版决策自我效能量表的信效度.结果 中文版决策自我效能...     

A cross-cultural analysis of the use of the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) in health visiting practice

This report describes a project that developed and undertook initial validation of a Punjabi version of the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). A multi-disciplinary and multi-ethnic project team translated the EPDS from English to Punjabi. A pilot study indicated a high level of correlation between the two scales opening the way for a larger study in which a total of 98 bi-lingual women completed both the English and Punjabi version of the scale 6-8 weeks after delivery of their child. Of these a further 52 completed the scales on a second occasion, 16-18 weeks post-partum. A small sub-group (n = 15) was subject to independent clinical assessment by a community psychiatric nurse (CPN) to determine their mental state, enabling the outcome of the assessment to be compared with the EPDS score. The scores of the English and Punjabi versions of the scale were analysed using Spearman correlation coefficient and the Bland Altman test. A high correlation was found between overall scores and most individual items on the scale. Furthermore, the independent assessment of mental health state indicated that a number of those women who scored 12 or above on the EPDS scale (the cut-off point for determining risk of post-natal depression (PND)) were diagnosed as having a post-natal depressive disorder by the CPN assessing them independently. Whilst the results to date are promising there is a need for further work to determine the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the Punjabi EPDS tool against international classification of depressive disorders and to establish optimal cut-off scores when using the Punjabi version of the EPDS.     

The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire in patients with leukemia

Aims and objectives. To assess reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Background. Pain is one of the most frequent and significant problems encountered by nurses practice across the world. The Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire was widely translated and used to assess the pain experience of several types of patients because it combines the properties of the standard McGill Pain Questionnaire but takes substantially less time to administer. Design. The study used psychometric testing to establish reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Methods. A convenience sample of 160 patients with leukaemia in Turkey was used to collect data regarding pain evaluation. The original version of the Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire, adapted into Turkish, was tested for internal consistency, content validity, construct validity and concurrent validity. Results. Internal consistency was found adequate at both assessments with Cronbach’s α 0·88 for test and 0·91 for retest. For reliability of the total, sensory, affective and evaluative total pain intensity, high intraclass correlations were demonstrated (0·85, 0·84, 0·82 and 0·70, respectively). Correlation of total, sensory and affective score with the numerical rating scale was tested for construct validity demonstrating r = 0·61 (p < 0·01) for test and r = 0·68 (p < 0·01) for retest. Correlation with blood pressure values for concurrent validity was found to be r = 0·78 (p < 0·001) for test and r = 0·73 (p < 0·001) for retest. Conclusion. Turkish version of the Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire has shown statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for pain evaluation in patients with leukaemia. Relevance to clinical practice. This study provided evidence that the Turkish version of the Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing pain. This scale can be used to assess nursing interventions aimed at decreasing pain and efficacy of the treatment.     

Assessment of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Boston questionnaire

Objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire and assess its reliability and validity.

Methods. Sixty-seven patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were included in the study. The Turkish version of Boston Questionnaire was obtained after translation process, and was then administered to subjects twice within seven days. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation), and reproducibility. Validity was examined by correlating the Boston Questionnaire scores to general health status (Short Form-36), pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale) and pinch and grip strength measures.

Results. Reliability of the Turkish version was very good, with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.82 for symptom severity scale, and 0.88 for functional status scale), and reproducibility (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.60 for symptom severity scale, and 0.77 for functional status scale). The Boston Questionnaire scores were correlated with Visual Analogue Scale, physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain and emotional role subscales of Short Form-36, pinch and grip strength scores to obtain coefficients for external construct validity.

Conclusion. Adaptation of the Boston Questionnaire for use in Turkey was successful. Our results seem to support previous finding of the English version, indicating that it is valid and reliable.     

A Spanish language version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile

The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a Spanish language version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) is described. The 48-item instrument was translated into Spanish and found to be culturally relevant and reliable in a pilot study. The Spanish version was then administered to a diverse but predominantly Mexican-American group of 485 Hispanics residing in metropolitan and surrounding rural areas. In a principal components factor analysis, all but one item loaded significantly on six factors similar to those isolated previously during psychometric assessment of the English language version. Those six dimensions comprise the HPLP subscales of self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management. The six factors explained 45.9% of the variance in the measure. Second-order factor analysis yielded a single factor, interpreted as health-promoting lifestyle. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was .93 and 2-week test-retest reliability was .86; alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from .70 to .87.     

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Abiloco-Kids

ABILOCO-Kids is a scale that assesses the walking ability of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) from the viewpoint of parental perception. The aim of this study was to translate the ABILOCO-Kids scale into Turkish and to establish its reliability and validity in children with CP. Turkish children were recruited in this study. ABILOCO-Kids is a scale developed by Caty and et al. This scale assess the walking ability of children with CP focusing on the activity domain of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ABILOCO-Kids scale was translated from English into Turkish using the forward-backward-forward method. The motor functions of the 63 children participating in the study were evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88). The ABILOCO-Kids scale was repeated in 30 children after one week to establish test-retest reliability. While internal and external construct validity were investigated using Rasch analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient, respectively; reliability was evaluated in terms of internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha and Person Separation Index (PSI). All items of the ABILOCO-Kids were found to fit the Rasch Model (chi-square 14.35 (df?=?20), p?=?0.813). The internal construct validity was good, overall mean item fit residual was ?0.109 (SD: 0.719) and mean person fit residual was ?0.215 (SD: 0.817). The reliability was good with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.98 and PSI of 0.99. When the test-retest was examined via Differential Item Functioning (DIF) by time, none of the items showed DIF. Spearman correlation coefficients of the ABILOCO-Kids scale in relation to the GMFM and GMFCS were r?=?0.824, p?<?0.001; r?=??0.788, p?<?0.001 respectively. The Turkish version of the ABILOCO-Kids scale is a valid, reliable and unidimensional scale for children with CP. This scale will allow the differences in the locomotion of children with CP to be evaluated from the perspective of the family.     

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II)

Y?ld?r?m D., K?sa S. & Hisar F. (2012) Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II). International Nursing Review Aim: To test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism II Scale (EOMII) for use by staff nurses as being essential to quality patient care. Methods: This study consisted of 385 nurses from four joint commission internationally accredited hospitals. The EOMII scale was translated using a back‐translation technique. The statistical analysis was carried out using Cronbach's alpha to test the internal consistency of the scale, while the factor analysis was carried out using the principal component analysis together with the varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization to test its construct validity. Results: The total mean scores of all the items of the scale were found to be 155.33 (minimum 77 – maximum 219) and the standard deviation was 29.45. All the items showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.92, indicating a high level of reliability. Cronbach's alpha consistencies in subgroups were between 0.87 and 0.70. In this study, job satisfaction and quality results show the sign of convergence as in the original scale, which shows that the scale has a high construct validity (P < 0.01). Discussions: Transcultural differences in the quality of nursing services can only be compared with reliable and valid instruments. This study shows that the Turkish version of the EOMII scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the nurses' working environment and to provide quality patient care in Turkey.     

Adaptation of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Turkish women and evaluation of the selected variables associated with breast self-examination

The purpose of this study was to adapt Champion's Revised Health Belief Model Scale for Turkish women and to examine selected sociodemographic variables associated with breast self-examination (BSE). Data were collected from a total of 430 females who were living in one of the Health Center areas located in Izmir, a city in the west of Turkey. Champion's revised Health Belief Model Scale was translated into Turkish, validated by professional judges, translated back into English, and then tested. Factor analysis yielded 7 factors: susceptibility, seriousness, barrier 1, barrier 2, confidence, benefits, and health motivation. Significant correlations were found between 2 barriers. Therefore, 2 barriers were considered one barrier subscale. All the items on each factor were from the same construct. Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from .58 to .89, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .89 to .99 for the subscales. Women who received low scores on barriers reported greater frequency of BSE practice. Likewise, women having high scores on confidence, benefits, health motivation, susceptibility, and seriousness reported a greater frequency of BSE in the last year. The frequency of BSE practice was higher in high school and university graduates, women with a family history of breast cancer, and women with breast cancer and BSE training. The Turkish version of Champion's Revised Health Belief Model Scale was found to be a valid and reliable tool for use with Turkish women. It could be used to evaluate health beliefs about breast cancer and BSE among Turkish women.     

Turkish adaptation of the parental health beliefs scale

AIM: This paper reports an adaptation of the English version of the Parental Health Beliefs Scale for use with Turkish parents and an evaluation of its psychometric properties. BACKGROUND: As a profession, nurses are particularly concerned with cross-cultural influences that affect the health beliefs of populations. Although the international literature describes questionnaires and specific scales in health promotion and health beliefs, adequate Turkish-language instruments are scarce. Therefore, suitable instruments need to be developed or adapted for the Turkish parents. METHOD: This was a psychometric study. A convenience sample (n=257) was recruited in 2003 from parents who attended a primary healthcare centre in Erzurum, Turkey. Translation and back-translation of the original English instrument and content validation by an expert panel were the first two steps. The third step was psychometric testing of the adapted instrument to establish internal consistency, inter-item correlation and construct validity. Data were collected using the Parental Health Beliefs Scale. Socio-demographic data were also collected. The investigators visited the centre every workday, and interviewed the samples. The parents read and self-completed the questionnaire. FINDINGS: Content validity procedure resulted in a final scale that consisted of 20 items. Cronbach's alpha was 0 x 75. Factor analysis yielded three factors related to chance, internality and powerful others. CONCLUSION: Although acceptable levels of reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Parental Health Beliefs Scale for parents were reached, cultural factors appeared to play a role in the applicability of the scale. Further validation research is therefore needed before the scale can be recommended for use in nursing research and practice.     

Psychometric evaluation of the Spanish and English versions of the spiritual coping strategies scale

The Spiritual Coping Strategies (SCS) Scale measures how frequently religious and nonreligious (spiritual) coping strategies are used to cope with a stressful experience. This study's purpose is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly translated Spanish version of the SCS. A total of 51 bilingual adults completed the SCS in Spanish and English, with 25 completing them again 2-3 weeks later. Internal consistency reliability for the Spanish (r = 0.83) and English (r = 0.82) versions of the SCS in the total sample were good. Test-retest reliability was .84 for the Spanish and .80 for the English version. Spanish and English responses to the SCS items and the resulting score for the subscales and the total scale were not significantly different. Scores on the English and Spanish versions were correlated as expected with time since the stressful event and happiness with family and with spouse or partner, supporting the validity of the Spanish SCS. Study findings support the reliability and validity of the newly translated Spanish SCS.