多种肿瘤标志物联合检测对肝门胆管癌诊断的意义

目的:探讨联合检测肿瘤标志物CA50,CA125,CA242,CA19-9及CEA对肝门胆管癌诊断的意义.方法:选择近2年间住院且术后病理证实为肝门胆管癌患者90例作为观察组,同期胆道良性病变患者91例作为对照组,采用全自动电化学发光分析仪测定两组患者术前血清中CA50,CA125,CA242,CA19-9及CEA的水平.分别计算两组血清中5种肿瘤标志物的敏感性、特异性及准确性.结果:观察组血清CA50,CA242,CA19-9及CEA的水平明显高于对照组(均P＜0.01),而观察组血清CA125水平与对照组血清CA125水平比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).血清CA19-9在肝门胆管癌中阳性率最高(86.67％),次为CA242( 63.33％)及CA50 (60％);两组患者血清中5种标志物的阳性率比较,除CA125外,各相应组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对于肝门胆管癌的诊断,血清CA19-9灵敏度最好(93.98％),而CEA的特异度最好(94.60％).结论:联合检测CA50,CA242,CA19-9和CEA有助于肝门胆管癌与胆道良性疾病鉴别.     

肝内胆管结石并胆管癌的临床病理和生化特征分析

目的探讨肝内胆管结石并胆管癌的临床病理和生化特征。方法选取我院收治的12例肝内胆管癌和同期良性病变（肝内胆管结石14例,肝外胆管结石30例,结石性胆囊炎40例）患者病例资料,通过多因素logistic回归分析模型探讨乙型肝炎病毒标志物检测,血清非特异性肿瘤标志物（CA19—9、CA125、CEA和AFP）检测,肝内胆管结石等10项影响因素对肝内胆管癌患病率的影响。结果本次研究所纳入病例,肝内胆管癌患者的乙肝病毒携带率或慢性乙肝患病率（33.3％）均明显高于同期的肝外胆管结石和结石性胆囊炎患者（P〈0．05）;多因素Logistic回归模型显示：肝内胆管结石（OR=1．05,CI为0．92～1．38,P=0．023）,乙肝病毒感染（OR=1．02,95％CI为0．78。1．31,P=0．02）;ICC患者血清高于参考值的CA19—9和黄疸指数对回归方程亦有贡献（P〈0．05）。结论乙型肝炎病毒感染,肝内胆管结石,高于参考值的CA19—9和黄疸指数可能作为提示诊断肝内胆管癌的辅助指标。     

肿瘤标志物CA19-9和CA242联合检测在胆管癌中的诊断价值

目的研究多肿瘤标志物蛋白质芯片联合检测CA19-9和CA242在胆管癌中的应用。方法应用多肿瘤标志物蛋白质芯片诊断系统检测75例胆管疾病患者,经术中和(或)术后病理学证实,其中胆管癌40例、胆管良性病变35例。检测两种肿瘤标志物糖类抗原19—9(CA19-9)．糖类抗原242(CA242)的改变。结果75例患者中,糖类抗原199和糖类抗原242同时阳性者39例,其中胆管癌患者33例,其中糖类抗原19—9大于500u／ml者28例;胆管良性病变中,有6例为糖类抗原19—9和糖类抗原242同时阳性,一例糖类抗原19—9大于500u／ml者。当糖类抗原19—9和糖类抗原242同时阳性时,诊断胆管癌敏感性为82．5％,特异性为82．9％。结论应用多肿瘤标志物蛋白质芯片诊断系统检测胆管癌,当糖类抗原19—9和糖类抗原242同时阳性时,敏感性和特异性均较好,可作为临床诊断胆管癌的较好指标。     

肝门胆管良性狭窄的原因和处理

目的：探讨单纯肝门胆管良性狭窄的原因和治疗。方法：回顾性总结分析单纯肝门胆管良性狭窄73例的病因,治疗方法和效果。结果：病因依次为肝胆管结石（48例）,高位胆管损伤（19例）,胆囊结石Mirizzi征（4例）,单纯良性瘢痕性狭窄（2例）,分别施行了肝门胆管空肠吻合,肝门胆管整形,肝门胆管切除等手术87例次,随访1－19年61例次的远期效果,优良77％,好转6．6％,差16．4％,其中,以肝门胆管空肠吻合效果最好,优良达90．7％,结论：肝门胆管良性狭窄的主要原因是肝胆管结石和高位胆管损伤,治疗以肝门胆管空肠大口吻合效果最好。     

肝门部胆管癌的肿瘤标记物和基因研究现状及前景

邹声泉教授目前肝门部胆管瘤的分子生物学研究刚刚起步，确切的作用机制还不清楚。肝门部胆管癌虽然缺乏特异性的肿瘤标记物，但是下列相关抗原的检测对肝门部胆管癌高危人群普查、临床诊断、监测复发和判断预后有很大的价值：（1）CEA是一种分子质量为2．0X10’的糖蛋白。Uchino等研究发现，测定胆汁中CEA对肝门部胆管癌的早期诊断、分析手术疗效、评估残存肿瘤、判断预后有显著意义。（2）CA19．9、CA125、CA50、CA242等糖链群肿瘤标记物对肝门部胆管瘤有较高的灵敏度，阳性率仅次于胰腺癌，其中CA50和CA199有较好的相关性，诊断…     

肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9、CA50联合检测在胆管癌诊治中的作用

目的 寻找对胆管癌诊断、疗效判断和随访有价值的肿瘤标志物。方法 采用RIA联合检测34例经手术和病理证实胆管癌和21例胆囊息肉患者血清中CEA、CA19-9、CA50的水平，并对其中15例根治性切除的胆管癌患者进行随访。结果 血清CA19-9的敏感性和特异性最好，分别为80．15％和92％；胆管癌根治性切除后，患者血清CA19-9、CA50水平较术前明显降低。结论 肿瘤标志物联合检测对胆管癌术前诊断、疗效评价和随访有价值。     

肝内胆管结石并胆管癌的诊治体会(附18例报告)

目的：探讨肝胆管结石并胆管癌的早期诊断与治疗方法。方法：对123例肝内胆管结石患者前瞻性研究，术前经B超及CT检查，糖抗原CA19－9、CA125、CA50的测定，术中对可疑组织均行活检。对诊断为并有胆管癌患者采取的相应的手术治疗。结果：本组病例发现胆管癌18例，对其确诊率达100％；手术根治率61％。结论：B超及CT结合CA19－9有利于早期发现胆管结石并胆管癌，改善其治疗效果。     

肝门部胆管癌诊治的研究

目的 探讨提高肝门部胆管癌诊疗的方法。方法 术前对20例患者行血清CA19-9、CA242、CEA测定，手术方式分别为根治性切除和各种非根治性手术，并对89%(51/57)患者进行随访。结果 CA19-9对肝门部胆管癌术前诊断的敏感性特异性分别为78%和90%，47%(27/57)的患者获得根治性切除，其１年生存率为96%,3年生存率为32%。结论 血清CA19-9值检测有助于术前诊断和疗效的判断，根治性切除是提高疗效的最佳方法。     

联合检测血清CA19-9|CEA 和尿酸在鉴别诊断胆管癌与胆道良性疾病中的意义

目的：探讨 CA19-9,CEA 及肝肾功能各生化指标在胆管癌与胆道良性病患者血清中的变化规律以及其对于鉴别诊断胆管癌和胆道良性病和在术前评估中的意义。方法：用电化学发光免疫法和生化比色法测定并分析5 年间采集的胆管癌48 例、胆道良性病32 例及正常人31 例血清中CA19-9,CEA 和肝肾功能各生化指标的含量。结果：与正常人相比,胆管癌组和胆道良性病组CA19-9,TBIL,DBIL,AST 及ALT 水平均显著升高(P<0.01) ,而尿酸水平显著下降(P<0.01),肌酐水平在3 组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胆管癌组血清中CA19-9 水平明显高于良性胆道病组(P<0.05),而CEA 在胆管癌组与胆道良性病组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单项检测中血清 CA19-9 的敏感性最高达75％ ( 36/48 )。胆管癌组内,CA19-9 与TBIL 均呈低度正相关性( r=0.351,P=0.014),与DBIL 的相关性有统计学意义( r=0.33,P=0.022)。结论：胆管癌与胆道良性病患者都存在不同程度的肝肾功能损害,联合测定CA19-9,CEA,尿酸对胆管癌及胆道良性病的鉴别诊断具有一定的参考意义。     

磁共振成像和磁共振胆道成像对肝门部胆管癌诊断和手术可切除性的估价

目的 探讨磁共振成像（MRI）和磁共振胆道成像（MRC）联合应用对肝门部胆管癌的诊断及手术可切除性的估价。方法 从1997年3月至1999年5月在对280例阻塞性黄疸进行了经肝脏MRI和MRC检查中,有38例诊断为肝门部胆管癌（13.6%,38/280),并经手术和病理证实。结果 38例肝部部胆管癌中,24例MRI平扫,在肝门区可见较高信号肿块影,14例行增强扫描,8例可见病灶呈不均匀性强化,MRI肿瘤的显示率为84%（32/38）。MRI发现4例肝转移,7例门静脉主干或分支受累,MRC均可见肝门区阻塞,肝内胆管扩张,MRC定位准确性为100%。本组切除率为24%（9/38）,其中I型4例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型a、b各1例,Ⅳ型无1例能切除,本组手术不能切除的原因主要为肝转移、肝门部肿块已侵及门静脉或肝动脉,结论 MRI和MRC联合应用有助于肝门部胆管癌的诊断及评估手术的可切除术。     

Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗（附35例分析）

目的总结Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的手术经验。方法回顾性分析我院1999年1月至2006年12月，行手术切除的35例Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。Ⅲa型16例，行肝门部胆管切除8例，行联合右半肝＋右侧尾状叶切除7例，行联合右半肝＋尾状叶切除、门静脉分叉部切除主干左支吻合1例。Ⅲb型19例，行肝门部胆管切除8例，行联合左半肝＋左侧尾状叶切除9例，行联合左半肝＋尾状叶切除、门静脉分叉部切除主干右支吻合1例．行联合左半肝＋尾状叶切除、门静脉分叉部切除主干右支吻合、肝固有动脉分叉部切除主干右支吻合1例。结果本组32例获得随访，随访时间18～113个月。肝门部胆管切除病例术后病理根治性切除率为37．5％，联合肝叶切除病例术后病理根治性切除率73．7％，3例联合肝叶切除＋血管切除病例均获术后病理根治性切除。肝门部胆管切除术后并发症发生率为31．3％，联合肝叶切除组术后并发症发生率为31．6％。3例联合肝叶切除＋血管切除病例术后均无胆肠吻合口漏、肝断面坏死、胆漏等严重并发症。结论联合肝叶切除，必要时行受累分叉部血管切除重建，有益于提高Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除率，且不增加术后并发症的发生率。     

Extensive hilar bile duct resection using a transhepatic approach for patients with hepatic hilar bile duct diseases

BACKGROUND: Extensive hilar bile duct resection beyond the second- or third-order intrahepatic biliary radicals is usually required for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma as well as those with benign inflammatory stricture. Most hilar cholangiocarcinoma is resected with combined major hepatectomy to obtain free surgical margins. The purpose of this study was to show the surgical procedure and the usefulness of extensive hilar bile duct resection using a transhepatic approach for patients with hilar bile duct diseases. METHODS: Five patients with hepatic hilar bile duct disease and who were unfit for major hepatectomy for several reasons underwent extensive hilar bile duct resection by way of a transhepatic approach. Four of the patients had hilar bile duct cancer, including 1 with mucous-producing bile duct cancer of low-grade malignancy and 1 with a postsurgical benign bile duct stricture. RESULTS: After extensive hilar bile duct resection, bile duct stumps ranged in number from 3 to 7 mm (mean 4.4). Surgical margins at bile duct stump were free of cancer in all 4 cancer patients. The long-term outcomes were as follows: 3 patients are alive at the time of publication, and 2 patients have died. CONCLUSIONS: A transhepatic approach may be useful when performing extensive hilar bile duct resection bile duct stricture of biliary disease at the hepatic hilus, especially in high-risk patients who are unfit for major hepatectomy as well as in those having benign bile duct stricture and low-grade malignancy.     

��֧غ���没�¹����Ի������η���

目的：探讨华支睾吸虫病所致梗阻性黄疸的临床病理特点及治疗方法，提高诊治水平。方法：对近年来收治的华支睾吸虫病所致梗阻性黄疸8例病人进行回顾性总结和临床分析并文献复习。结果：8例病人均有明确食生鱼史。引起梗阻性黄疸的原因：1例合并有肝门部胆管癌，1例合并胆管结石，5例为炎性胆管狭窄。全部病人均有嗜酸性粒细胞增多症。CT和B超检查见胆管扩张。粪便中均找到华支睾吸虫卵。5例病人手术治疗。术中在胆管内发现华支睾吸虫成虫及虫卵。结论：华支睾吸虫病所致梗阻性黄疸的病因是炎性胆管狭窄、胆石症、胆管癌和成虫及虫卵阻塞胆管。食生鱼史、嗜酸性粒细胞增多症、粪便中找到华支睾吸虫卵、CT及B超特征性改变均有助于诊断。吡喹酮治疗有效。伴有胆管癌、胆结石及重症胆管炎时应及时手术。     

Benign hilar stenosis mimicking Klatskin tumor

Preoperative diagnosis of hilar carcinoma (Klatskin tumor) is usually done according to the only clinical and imaging findings. However, in 5-15% of patients operated with this diagnosis, hilar stenosis is an inflammatory pseudo-tumoral benign one. We reported the case of a patient who underwent resection of common bile duct for suspicion of hilar carcinoma in whom, despite clinical and imaging findings highly suggestive of malignancy, pathologic examination revealed aspecific cholangitis. After a review of the literature, we conclude that resection of common bile duct is mandatory to exclude malignancy and allows excellent biliary drainage. Associated major hepatectomy should ideally be indicated, due to its higher risks, after pathological confirmation of cholangiocarcinoma, if necessary by frozen section.     

Role of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and cytology of bile in diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic cancer

To evaluate the clinical value in diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic cancer carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) and cytology in the bile were examined in 343 patients with benign biliary disease and 71 patients with biliary and pancreatic cancer. An abnormal CEA level was defined as a level of more than 500 ng/ml in the gallbladder bile and 40 ng/ml in the bile duct bile. Increased bile CEA levels were observed in 50.0% in 22 patients with bile duct cancer, 60.0% in 20 with gallbladder cancer and 23.8% in 21 with pancreas cancer. False positive rate in 343 patients with benign diseases was only 1.2%. Bile CA19-9 levels were measured in 195 patients with benign disease and 30 with malignancy. However, the overlap between the values of the 2 groups was too great for differentiation of malignancy from benign disease. The positive rates of bile cytology were 52.2% in 23 patients with bile duct cancer, 40.0% in 15 with gallbladder cancer and 27.3% in 22 with pancreatic cancer. The diagnostic accuracies of combined assessment of bile CEA and cytology were 68.0% in 25 patients with bile duct cancer, 77.3% in 22 with gallbladder cancer and 37.5% in 24 with pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of this combined test was 60.6% (43/71), and the specificity was 98.8% (339/343). This combined test is considered to be reliable screening test especially for biliary cancer.     

胆管癌患者胆汁中肿瘤标志物测定及其临床意义

目的探讨胆汁中肿瘤标志物对胆管癌的诊断价值。方法采用放射免疫测定法测定31例胆管癌患者和13例良性胆管疾病患者的胆汁中癌胚抗原（CEA）、甲胎球蛋白（AFP）、糖链抗原（CA19-9）的含量;确定具有诊断价值的肿瘤标志物及其分界值。结果良恶性组胆汁中AFP、CA19-9水平差异无显著性（P> 0.05）;恶性组胆汁CEA水平高于良性组（P< 0.05）。取分界值为7.0ng/ml,根据胆汁CEA水平升高诊断胆管癌的敏感性为80.6%,特异性为100％。结论胆汁中CEA水平增高是诊断胆管癌的一个重要指标。     

Differential Diagnosis of Stenosing Lesions at the Hepatic Hilus

A significant number of stenosing lesions at the hepatic hilus represent benign disease rather than hilar cholangiocarcinoma. It is unclear, however, which perioperative investigations are useful for defining benign lesions in this location. A series of 49 consecutive patients who presented with obstructive jaundice due to a stenosing lesion at the hepatic hilus were investigated by documenting elevated plasma bilirubin levels, the presence of weight loss, and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ca 19-9 concentrations. Radiologic investigations included direct cholangiography, transabdominal ultrasonography, computed tomographic (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A tissue diagnosis was obtained in all patients, and the preoperative investigations were reviewed to assess their accuracy for predicting malignancy. The final tissue diagnosis was a benign lesion in 12 patients (benign idiopathic strictures 10, choledocholithiasis 2). Among the 37 patients who presented with a malignant lesion, 2 had metastatic colorectal cancer, 7 had gallbladder cancer, and 28 had hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Of the 12 patients with benign lesions, 4 (33%) had elevated tumor markers (CEA and CA 19-9), 12 (100%) had cholangiograms suspicious for malignancy, and 9 (75%) had CT and MRI features consistent with a malignant diagnosis. Thus among patients presenting with hilar strictures approximately one-fifth are due to nonmalignant causes, but the preoperative diagnosis is difficult and resection remains the most reliable way to rule out malignancy in this site.     

胆管癌的磁共振诊断与误漏诊原因分析

目的总结胆管癌MR征像,提高MR对胆管癌的诊断与鉴别诊断的准确性。方法本组收集1996年1月～2005年12月,经MRI及MRC诊断为胆管癌或MRI诊断胆管炎但临床怀疑胆管癌67例。分析MRI和MRCP的影像学表现和诊断,并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果术前MR诊断正确的56例,漏诊8例,误诊3例。肝门区胆管癌31例;胆总管区胆管癌24例。病理学表现为结节型18例,肿块型21例,浸润型13例,乳头型14例。结论胆管癌的MRI表现与生长方式有关,MRCP诊断胆管梗阻定位准确率高,仔细观察各种征像并结合临床,可提高胆管癌诊断的准确性。     

Indications for combined resection and reconstruction of the hepatic artery in biliary tract carcinoma]

More than 10 years have passed since hepatic artery resection was first performed for the treatment of biliary tract cancer. The safety of this procedure has been established with the introduction of the microsurgery technique. However, the benefits of and indications for this treatment have not yet been clarified. Twenty-three patients underwent vascular resection (portal vein in 7, portal vein + hepatic artery in 9, hepatic artery in 7) among 114 resected patients with biliary tract cancer in our institution. The right hepatic artery was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis in most cases. The curative resection rate was 88.9% in hilar bile duct cancer. However, it was less than 50% in other carcinomas. Cumulative 5-year survival rates of vascular resection patients with hilar bile duct cancer, lower bile duct cancer, gallbladder cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma were 14.8%, 25%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. On the other hand, the rates were 38.9%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, in the stage III + IV patients who did not undergo vascular resection. The longest survival period among patients with hilar bile duct cancer and lower bile duct cancer was 85 months and 65 months, respectively, whereas it was 15 months in gallbladder cancer and 20 months in cholangiocarcinoma patients. No hilar bile duct cancer patient who survived for more than 3 years had lymph node metastasis. The longest surviving cholangiocarcinoma patient has received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. It is concluded that patients with hilar bile duct cancer are good candidates for vascular resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be administered to gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma patients, because vascular resection alone does not result in prolongation of life in these patients.