肺癌和肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的检测

目的　为了探讨T淋巴细胞亚群在肺癌和肺结核发生中的变化 ,采用流式细胞术检测肺癌 3 0例 ,肺结核 2 5例 ,正常人 2 0例的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果　肺癌组和肺结核组CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8比值均明显低于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而CD8则高于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ,但两组各项指标无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　肺癌及肺结核患者免疫功能低下 ,T淋巴细胞亚群的检测对监控患者的免疫状态 ,指导临床治疗 ,观察疗效及预后有关重要的意义     

食管、贲门癌患者术前术后细胞免疫变化及意义

目的 探讨食管癌贲门癌术前,术后免疫指标变化及其临床意义.方法 用流式细胞术定量检测55例患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,NK细胞及WBC术前,术后不同时期动态变化,并进行统计学分析.结果 (1)术后第8天患者T淋巴细胞亚群有所恢复,CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8增加,CD8减少,NK细胞增高(P<0.01);(2)术后2 d WBC值与术后8 d CD3、CD4、CD8值有相关性;(3)中晚期患者较早期患者CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8减少,CD8、NK增加(P<0.05);(4)有淋巴结转移患者较无淋巴结转移患者CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8减少,NK增加(P<0.05).结论 (1)术后患者免疫功能有所恢复.(2)术后炎症感染对患者免疫功能有刺激作用,可能为患者免疫功能增强起一定作用.(3)中晚期患者较早期患者免疫功能有明显下降.(4)有淋巴结转移患者较无淋巴结转移患者免疫功能有明下降.(5)手术是治疗食管癌贲门癌有效措施.     

恶性肿瘤患者T细胞亚群和可溶性白介素-2受体检测及意义

目的 :了解恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的改变。方法 :对 2 0 0例恶性肿瘤患者及 30例正常人的T淋巴细胞亚群和可溶性白介素 - 2受体 (SIL - 2R)进行了同步检验及相关性研究。结果 :肿瘤患者CD3、CD4 、CD4 /CD8均低于正常人 (P <0 .0 5) ,SIL - 2R、CD8均高于正常人 (P <0 .0 5) ,其中CD4 /CD8与SIL - 2R呈负相关。结论 :恶性肿瘤患者的免疫功能是低下的。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者T细胞亚群的研究

目的 :对 136例乙型肝炎肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者的T淋巴细胞进行了研究 .方法 :采用间接荧光法检测了患者的T淋巴细胞亚群 (CD+ 3 ,CD+ 8和CD+ 4 /CD+ 8) .结果 :患者T淋巴细胞亚群表现为严重紊乱 ,与正常对照组比较 ,CD+ 3 T淋巴细胞明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ,CD+ 8T淋巴细胞明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,导致CD+ 4 /CD+ 8明显降低 (P <0 0 1) .结论 :乙型肝炎肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者的T淋巴细胞亚群紊乱 ,而使免疫功能紊乱 ,这对指导临床治疗和判断预后具有重要意义     

急性病毒性肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测分析

目的 :了解急性甲、乙、丙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群对疗效和预后判断的价值。方法 :用APAAP桥联酶标法检测 10 2例急性甲、乙、丙型病毒型肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3 、CD4、CD8、及CD4/CD8,并检测了 2 9例急性甲、乙、丙型病毒性肝炎患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群变化。结果 :与正常对照相比 ,10 2例急性甲、乙、丙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血CD3 、CD4、CD4/CD8均有不同程度的降低 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ,而各型肝炎的CD8均显著增高 (P <0 . 0 1) ;2 9例患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群比较 ,7例治疗效果差者 ,其CD4、CD4/CD8处于低水平而CD8始终处于高水平 (P >0 . 0 5 ) ,另 2 2例治疗效果较好者 ,各亚群指标均接近或恢复正常水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :急性甲、乙、丙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的改变是以CD4、CD4/CD8的降低 ,特别是CD8的显著增高为其特征 ,各亚群在治疗过程中的动态变化在一定程度上可能反映疾病的疗效及预后。治疗时 ,应注意调节机体的细胞免疫功能。     

鼻咽癌患者脾区低剂量照射对外周血T-淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 :探讨鼻咽癌 (NPC)患者脾区接受低剂量照射后外周血T 淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法 :比较 5 8例常规放疗(NPC 1)前后和 5 0例放疗加脾区低剂量照射 (NPC 2 )前后淋巴细胞亚群的变化。T 淋巴细胞亚群用抗人T 淋巴细胞单克隆抗体致敏红细胞直接法检测。结果 :①NPC患者外周血T 淋巴细胞各亚群均低于正常人。常规放疗后的T 淋巴细胞较放疗前进一步下降 ,CD3 为 (48 31± 3 75 ) % ,CD4 为 (2 0 76± 4 70 ) % ,CD4 /CD8比值 0 95± 0 2 9,低于放疗前 ,(P <0 0 0 1)。但CD8无变化。② 5 0例NPC患者在放疗同时每周 1次脾区低剂量照射 ,放疗后的CD3 为 (5 2 6 2± 4 2 6 ) % ,CD4 为 (2 7 6 2±3 0 6 ) % ,高于放疗前 (P <0 0 0 1) ,CD8(19 14± 3 10 ) %低于放疗前 ;CD4 /CD8比值 1 48± 0 2 7,高于放疗前 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论 :NPC患者放疗期间接受低剂量的脾区放射 ,可刺激外周血T 淋巴细胞的CD3 和CD4 升高 ,抑制CD8。     

再生障碍性贫血患者T淋巴细胞亚群与免疫球蛋白的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨再生障碍性贫血 (再障 )患者T淋巴细胞亚群与免疫球蛋白的变化及其临床意义。方法　对 2 2例再障患者 (再障组 )进行外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及其血清免疫球蛋白检测 ,并与 18例门诊健康体检者 (对照组 )进行比较。结果　再障组CD+ 4 、CD+ 4 /CD+ 8、IgG、IgA、IgM水平比对照组明显降低 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,但CD+ 8明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;大部分患者CD+ 3 正常。再障组治疗后 15例有效 ,其IgG、IgA、IgM、CD+ 4 、CD+ 4 /CD+ 8比值升高至正常或接近正常 ,CD+ 8明显降低至正常或接近正常 ,与治疗前相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1或 0 .0 5 )。结论　再障患者发病与免疫功能异常密切相关 ,不仅存在细胞免疫功能的异常 ,也存在着体液免疫功能的异常。用免疫抑制剂治疗有效者 ,T淋巴细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白水平可恢复正常或接近正常     

大肠癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化与病程的相关性

目的分析T淋巴细胞亚群变化在大肠癌患者不同病程中的相关性。方法检测58例不同时期大肠癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化。结果A期大肠癌患者的CD3(T细胞总数)、CD4(辅助性T细胞)与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),CD8(抑制性T细胞)明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05);B、C、D期患者CD8明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。随着Dukes分期增加,CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8逐渐降低,CD8逐渐增高。结论大肠癌患者存在免疫功能低下,且T淋巴细胞亚群水平与大肠癌患者的病程有明显的相关性。     

双黄连雾化吸入对毛细支气管炎患儿T细胞免疫功能作用的研究

目的 :探讨双黄连对毛细支气管炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 :采用APAAP桥联酶标法 ,对 3 5例毛细支气管炎患儿进行双黄连雾化吸入前后T淋巴细胞亚群检测 ,并与 3 0例健康儿相比较。结果 :毛细支气管炎患儿T淋巴细胞CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8比值明显低于健康儿童 (P <0 .0 1)。CD8值明显高于健康组儿童 (P <0 .0 5 )。毛细支气管炎患儿经双黄连治疗后较治疗前CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8比值明显回升 (P <0 .0 5 )。CD8明显回落 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :双黄连可调节人体T淋巴细胞亚群的平衡 ,起到加强患儿免疫功能的作用。     

非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群测定分析

目的　测定中高度非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的数量。方法　采用酶免疫染色技术对 2 6例中高度非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行测定并与 30例健康对照者进行比较。结果　患者组CD3下降 (P<0 0 1) ,CD4下降 (P <0 0 1) ,CD8升高 (P <0 0 1) ,CD4 /CD8下降 (P <0 0 1)。结论　中高度非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者免疫失调 ,细胞免疫功能下降     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.