我国姜科药用植物研究——Ⅳ.姜三七醌(Stahlianthusone)的化学结构

从草药姜三七的挥发油得到一种新倍半萜醌,分子式C_(15)H_(16)O_2,定名为姜三七醌(Ia)(Stahlianthusone)。经光谱分析和化学反应测定了其化学结构为1,6-二甲基4-异丙基萘醌-5,8。     

活血止痛制剂中三七的专属性鉴别方法研究

目的：建立活血止痛散和活血止痛胶囊中三七的专属性鉴别方法,并采用高分离度快速液相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱（RRLC-QQQ/MS）对结果加以验证。方法：采用高效薄层色谱法研究三七与其混伪品人参、红参、三七茎叶的特征条带。以高效硅胶G薄层板为固定相,二氯甲烷-无水乙醇-水（70：45：6.5）展开,10%硫酸乙醇溶液显色,105℃加热至条带清晰。分别置紫外光灯（365 nm）和日光下检视。RRLC-QQQ/MS分析采用Agilent Rapid Resolution HT SB-C18（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm）色谱柱,以5 mmol·L^-1醋酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱。离子化模式为ESI-,碎裂电压100 V。结果：三七可检出三七皂苷R1,未检出人参皂苷Rb₃、人参皂苷Rf。人参和红参可检出人参皂苷Rb₃和人参皂苷Rf,未检出三七皂苷R1。三七茎叶可检出人参皂苷Rb₃,未检出三七皂苷R1或人参皂苷Rg₁。以三七对照药材、三七皂苷R1（应检出）和人参皂苷Rb₃（不得检出）为对照,可实现活血止痛制剂中三七的专属性鉴别和人参（红参）或三七茎叶的非法掺杂投料检查。6个厂家的93批样品均未发现人参、红参或三七茎叶冒充三七非法投料。RRLC-QQQ/MS与高效薄层分析结果一致。结论：该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可为含三七中成药的质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC法测定人参三七颗粒中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立同时测定人参三七颗粒中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁含量的方法。方法: 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Sunfire C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分析柱,流动相以乙腈-水梯度洗脱;检测波长为203 nm;柱温30℃;流速1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:人参皂苷Rg₁,Re,Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁之间有较好的分离度,4种成分在线性范围内与峰面积之间线性关系良好,人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁加样回收率分别为99.83%,97.84%,98.43%,97.34%,RSD分别为2.08%,1.66%,1.73%和1.42%（n=5）。结论:本方法可同时测定人参三七颗粒中的人参皂苷Rg₁,Re,Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁含量。     

HPLC测定三七提取液中三七皂苷R2(S)、七叶胆苷XVII和人参皂苷F2的含量

目的 建立同时测定三七提取液中三七皂苷R₂(S)、七叶胆苷XVII及人参皂苷F₂含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 色谱柱为Waters Acquity UPLC CSH-C₁₈(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),流动相为0.01%甲酸-水(A)和0.01%甲酸-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,检测波长为203 nm,进样量为5 μL,流速为0.35 mL·min^-1,柱温为40 ℃。结果 在43 min内可完成三七皂苷R₂(S)、七叶胆苷XVII和人参皂苷F₂的分离测定。3种皂苷峰面积和浓度线性关系良好(r²>0.999 8);日内和日间精密度RSD<3.4%;回收率为98.4%~102.1%。结论 该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于三七提取液中皂苷成分的测定。     

三七绒根中皂甙B1及B2的分离和鉴定

从三七Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen绒根中分得二种微量皂甙,三七皂甙B₁和B₂三七皂甙B₁为一种新皂甙,证明其结构为达玛20(22)-烯3β,12β,25三醇6-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ),其皂甙元亦为一种新皂甙元,其结构为达玛20(22)-烯-3β,12β,6 C,25四醇。三七皂甙B₂经鉴定为已知皂甙人参皂甙(ginsenoside—Rh₁,Ⅱ)。     

60Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对三七粉中三七皂苷R1含量的影响

目的 考察⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照灭菌对三七粉中有效成分三七皂苷R1含量的影响。方法 选择5,8,10 kGy 3种辐照剂量对三七粉进行辐照。采用UPLC测定,比较辐照前后三七粉的需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数及其主要有效成分之一三七皂苷R1的含量。结果 三七粉经过5 kGy剂量辐照后,已能达到卫生学标准要求,且有效成分三七皂苷R1含量较辐照前无明显变化;经过8,10 kGy剂量辐照后,三七粉中所含三七皂苷R1有明显变化。结论 ⁶⁰C_O-γ射线辐照灭菌的效果理想,但要慎重选择辐照的剂量。     

基于谱效关系表达的中药三七药效物质筛选研究

摘 要 目的： 以犬心肌缺血模型为对象,研究中药三七对犬心肌缺血保护作用谱效关系及药效物质基础。方法: 在建立中药三七液相指纹图谱分析方法的基础上,采用结扎犬冠状动脉致急性心肌缺血的模型,运用双变量相关分析和多元回归分析,将三七提取物药效数据与指纹图谱共有峰的相对峰面积相关联,研究药物治疗心肌缺血作用的物质基础及谱效关系。结果: 研究证实人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、三七皂苷R1均与药效呈显著正相关,其中人参皂苷Rb₁可显著降低血清中乳酸等物质水平的升高,人参皂苷Rg₁可显著降低血清FFA水平升高,是中药三七治疗心肌缺血的主要有效成分。结论:通过谱效关系研究获得了药效活性物质,建立了三七药材谱效关系评价的方法,客观反映了药物内在质量,为该类中药的创新研究提供了借鉴。     

中药三七对大鼠心肌缺血保护作用的谱效学研究

目的 以大鼠心肌缺血模型为对象,研究中药三七对大鼠心肌缺血保护作用谱效关系及药效物质基础。方法 在建立中药三七液相指纹图谱分析方法的基础上,研究药物治疗心肌缺血作用的物质基础及谱效关系。结果 人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、三七皂苷R₁是中药三七治疗心肌缺血的主要有效成分。结论 通过谱效关系研究直接获得药效活性物质,建立了三七药材谱效关系评价的新方法,客观反映了药物的内在质量,为该类中药的进一步研究提供了新的思路。     

白花丹参化学成分的研究

从白花丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza f.alba)中分离出14个二萜醌类化合物,其中2个为新化合物,由光谱分析推定为1,2,15,16-四氢丹参醌(Ⅰ)和丹参醛(Ⅱ);另一个化合物Ⅲ与R₀-090680的结构相同。化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ对淋巴白血病细胞P₃₈₈均有较强的抑制作用。     

HPLC梯度法测定复方三七维康胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1的含量

摘 要 目的:建立HPLC梯度法同时测定复方三七维康胶囊中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷R_b1、R_g13种皂苷的含量。方法: 色谱柱：大连Spherisorb C¹⁸分析柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相：乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长 203 nm。结果:三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷R_g1和R_b1分别在1.06～18.55 μg（r=0.997 3）、2.02～35.35 μg（r=0.998 2）和2.02～35.35 μg（r=0.998 2）之间线性关系良好。平均回收率三七皂苷R₁为100.8%（RSD=1.53%,n=5）,人参皂苷 R_g1为98.9%（RSD=1.87%,n=5）,人参皂苷R_b1为99.7%（RSD=1.90%,n=5）。结论:HPLC梯度洗脱法能够将多种皂苷很好地分离检测,该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于控制其质量。     

7α和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-4-雌甾烯-3-酮的合成

由于7α-甲基或10β-乙酰氧基4(5)烯-3-酮雌(雄)甾化合物具有显著的抗着床或抗蜕膜活性,我们合成了既具有7α-甲基或7β-甲基又具有10β-乙酰氧基的两个新甾族化合物(1_a)和(1_b)。经药理试验表明(1_a)和(1_b)对孕鼠均有抗早孕作用。     

Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of 6-(N-arylamino)-7-methylthio-5,8-quinolinediones

A series of 6-(N-arylamino)-7-methylthio-5,8-quinolinedione derivatives4a-4l was newly synthesized for the evaluation of antifungal activity. 6-(N-Arylamino)-7-methylthio-5,8-quinolinediones were prepared by regioselective nucleophilic substitution of 6,7-dichloro-5,8-quinolinediones with arylamines in the presence of Ce³⁺, and Na₂S/dimethylsulfate. The MIC values of4a-4l were determined for antifungal susceptibilityin vitro againstCandida species by agar streak method. The derivatives4a-4l had generally potent antifungal activities against all human pathogenic fungi. Especially they had the most potent activity againstC. krusei at 12.5≈0.8 μg/ml. Compounds4d, 4g, 4h, 4j and4k had more potent antifungal activities than fluconazole. Compounds4g and4h completely inhibited the fungal growth at 0.8≈6.3 μg/ml against allCandida species, while fluconazole inhibited the growth at 25 μg/ml. The compounds such as4g and4h containing an N-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)- or N-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)amino substituent exhibited the most potent antifungal activities.     

In vitro andin vivo antifungal activities of 6-[(N-4-bromophenyl) amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinediones

Antifungal activities of 6-[(N-4-bromophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK7) were tested. The MIC values of RCK7 were determined for antifungal suceptibility,in vitro againstAspergillus niger, Cryptococcus neoformans andTrichophyton mentagrophyte by standard agar streak method.In vitro, RCK7 showed more potent antifungal activity than fluconazole and ketoconazole. Also, RCK7 was tested forin vivo antifungal activity in the treatment of systemic infection withCandida albicans in normal mice. The therapeutic potential of RCK7 had been assessed by evaluating their survival rate against systemic infections compared with that of ketoconazole. ED₅₀ of intraperitoneally administered RCK7 was 2.05±0.30 mg/kg but that of ketoconazole was 8.00±0.73 mg/kg, respectively. When RCK7 was administered intravenously at the ED₅₀ (2.05 mg/kg), the colony counts ofCandida albicans in the liver after 7 days and 14 days were reduced as likely as ketoconazole at the ED₅₀ (8.00 mg/kg), and the better survival rates than ketoconazole’s were achieved after 14 days. The results suggest that RCK7 may be a potent antifungal agent.     

制川乌配方颗粒与标准煎剂对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀抑制作用的比较研究

目的 对制川乌配方颗粒与标准煎剂抗炎药效等效性进行研究。方法 应用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法比较制川乌标准煎剂及配方颗粒对其抑制作用。结果 在抗炎药效等效性研究中,在小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制率22.51%～38.65%共同效应范围内,1/2、1、2倍临床等效剂量（195.00、390.00、780.00 mg/kg）制川乌标准煎剂等效于0.07、0.20、0.46倍临床等效剂量（27.36、77.67、178.29 mg/kg）制川乌配方颗粒所产生的抗炎效应,制川乌配方颗粒等效剂量DEE_{制川乌配方颗粒}=-22.950＋0.258× DEE_{制川乌标准煎剂}（R²=0.958,r=0.979,P<0.01）,回归系数b₀=-22.950,95% CI为（4.549,41.351）,与总体均值0相比,差异有显著性（P<0.05）,常数项b₁=0.258,95% CI为（-0.218,0.299）,与总体均值1相比,差异有显著性（P<0.05）。制川乌配方颗粒与制川乌标准煎剂药剂量在1/8～1倍临床等效应剂量范围内（48.75～390.00 mg/kg）具有可比性,制川乌配方颗粒的等剂量效应EED_{制川乌配方颗粒}=2.963＋1.573×EED_{制川乌标准煎剂}（R²=0.923,r=0.961,P<0.01）,回归系数b₀=2.963,95% CI为（-5.373,11.300）,与总体0比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）,常数项b₁=1.573,95% CI为（1.230,1.915）,与总体均值1相比差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论 在抗炎方面制川乌配方颗粒和制川乌标准煎剂的等效应剂量不具有等效性,制川乌配方颗粒等效应剂量较制川乌标准煎剂小。在抗炎方面制川乌配方颗粒和制川乌标准煎剂的等剂量效应不具有等效性,制川乌配方颗粒等剂量效应较制川乌标准煎剂大。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅣ.α-氯-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类及其乙烯噁二唑类衍生物的合成

Synthesis of 35 new compounds of α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides and 5-[α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl ) vinyl]-oxadiazoles by known methods are reported. In preliminary test in mice 10 compounds were found to possess pronounced activity against Schistosomiasis japonica. Among these Ⅰ₁₂, Ⅰ₁₃, Ⅰ₁₄, Ⅰ₂₀, Ⅱ₁ and Ⅱ₈ were shown to be the most effective.     

Studies on the specificity of CNF, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor isolated from the blood plasma of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus). I. Interaction with PLA2 from Lachesis muta muta snake venom

A phospholipase A₂ inhibitor has been previously purified and cloned from the blood plasma of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. This inhibitor, named CNF for Crotalus neutralizing factor, interacts with crotoxin, the main neurotoxin from C. d. terrificus venom, abolishing its phospholipase A₂ activity. Crotoxin is a heterodimer of an acidic subunit (CA) and a basic phospholipase A₂ (CB). CNF acts by forming a stable non-toxic complex with CB, replacing CA in the toxic CA–CB of crotoxin.In the present investigation, we have shown that CNF has a broader specificity. It is able to inhibit the PLA₂ activity of the whole venom from the bushmaster snake (Lachesis muta muta), a species evolutionary related to Crotalus. Inhibition experiments have been carried out with four PLA₂ active components isolated from L. m. muta venom, one basic and three acidic ones. CNF inhibition is not restricted to the basic PLA₂, but extended to the three acidic forms as well.     

Cytotoxic activity of Perilla frutescens var. japonica leaf extract is due to high concentrations of oleanolic and ursolic acids

Three triterpene acids, ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), and oleanolic acid (7), were isolated from the ethanol extract of leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. japonica Hara (Labiatae; Japanese name: Egoma). These acids are the active principles responsible for the cytotoxicity against three cultured human tumor cell lines, HL-60 (leukemia carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), and Hep-G2 (hepatic carcinoma), with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 12–48 μM.     

野蔷薇根化学成分的研究

野蔷薇根系蔷薇科植物多花蔷薇(Rosa multiflora Thunb.)的干燥根,民间用其除风湿、活气血和治疗乳糜尿。Takahashi等从野蔷薇根中分离出2α,19α-二羟基熊果酸(tomentic acid)。我们从野蔷薇根中分离出三个化合物,通过光谱和化学反应分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇,2α,19α-二羟基熊果酸,和2α,19α-二羟基熊果酸-(28-1)-β-D-     

狭叶藜芦中活性成分的化学研究 Ⅲ.β1-查茄碱的结构和狭叶藜芦碱丙、碱丁的部分结构研究

自狭叶藜芦中首次分离出β₁-查茄碱和两个新碱狭叶藜芦碱丙、碱丁。根据光谱数据和衍生物的制备,测定了β₁-查茄碱的结构,初步推定了狭叶藜芦碱丙和碱丁的部分结构。