唇腭裂术后上颌骨发育不良骨牵引矫治的临床研究

目的:探讨口内入路牵引成骨技术在唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不良患者成年之前矫治中的作用。方法:对12例9～12岁唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨明显发育不良者,采用高位LeFortI型截骨术,将上颌骨完全断离,安装口内牵引器,按一定的速度和频率牵引上颌骨向前,对术前、术后头颅定位X线侧位片进行颅颌面软硬组织的测量分析,数据以SPSS10.0统计软件包进行t检验。结果:本组病例上颌骨牵引前移明显,SNA角增加7°～11°,软组织鼻尖点、鼻底点及上唇最突点明显前移,面部外形得到明显改善,上下前牙获得正常覆牙合、覆盖关系。随访3～36个月,咬合关系保持稳定。结论:骨牵引成骨技术可以很好地用于矫治唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不良,早期解除上颌骨畸形,使面部软组织得到适应性改变,面型更为协调,避免或减轻口颌系统继发畸形和功能障碍,不失为唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不良的有效治疗方法。     

牵引成骨术治疗青少年上颌骨严重发育不足的初步报告

目的 通过青少年上颌骨严重发育不足,特别是继发于唇腭裂术后严重畸形者行改良Ｌｅ Ｆｏｒｔ Ｉ型截骨,并通过颅骨外固定上颌骨牵引成骨前移术,对牵引成骨后硬组织改建及腭咽闭合功能进行初步探讨。方法 采用颅骨外固定牵引装置（ＫＬＳ－ＭＡＲＴＩＮ公司提供）对６例１１～１５岁唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨严重发育不足及发育性上颌骨严重后缩畸形的青少年实施牵引成骨术。运用正颌外科电脑分析软件对术前、术后头颅定位Ｘ线侧位     

改良式Hyrax扩弓器矫治上颌牙弓狭窄的临床观察

目的观察改良式Hyrax扩弓器对生长发育期上颌牙弓狭窄的矫治作用。方法选择14例恒牙早期上颌牙弓狭窄病例,应用改良式Hyrax扩弓器进行扩弓。通过测量扩弓前后X线头颅定位侧位片和模型,进行统计学分析。结果14例上颌牙弓狭窄患者经2~3周扩弓后,后牙反全部解除并过矫治2~3mm,■间出现间隙2~4mm。上颌正中咬合片显示:腭中缝打开,低密度阴影出现。结论改良式Hyrax扩弓器是一种快速、有效、安全、经济实惠的扩弓装置。     

唇腭裂继发上颌骨发育不足牵引成骨后颌骨变化

目的　比较唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者颅外支架式牵引成骨术 (RigidExternalDistraction ,RED)前后上下颌骨前后向和垂直向位置及牙颌关系变化 ,评价RED治疗上颌发育不足效果。方法　唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者 2 2名 ,其中男性 1 4名 ,女性 8名 ,平均年龄为 1 5 3岁。所有患者在改良高位LeFortⅠ型截骨术基础上行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术。测量RED前后头颅定位侧位片上下颌骨位置及牙颌关系各项指标 ,用配对t检验比较RED术前术后变化。　结果　RED前后SNA角、NA与FH夹角、Ptm至S距离、Ptm至A距离、上中切牙至腭平面距离、上颌第一磨牙至腭平面距离、SNB角、面角、颌凸角、下颌平面角、ANB角、Y轴角、NA与AMe比、覆牙合和覆盖变化具高度显著性差异。　结论　RED用于唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者 ,可有效地延长上颌骨长度和高度并使之前移 ;下颌骨则顺时针旋转 ,上下颌骨间位置和比例更为协调 ,下颌骨的生长发育方向更趋于正常     

Pancherz分析法评价牵引成骨术矫治骨性上颌后缩的硬组织变化

严重骨性上颌后缩患者，可通过采用DO技术牵引成骨技术（distraction osteogenesis，DO）向前水平牵引上颌骨，从而解除反覆盖，建立前牙正常的覆[牙合]、覆盖关系。目前文献一般以“上颌骨前移距离”描述牵引成骨的效果，但所选取的头影测量分析法中，并没有一项指标直接反映这个移动距离。Pancherz头影测量分析法着重分析上下颌骨的矢状方向上的位置变化，结果有较高的可信度。但将其用于安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]研究者较少。作者应用Pancherz分析法评价上颌前方牵引对上下颌骨的作用，初步探讨牵引成骨矫治骨性上颌后缩的机制。     

弹性牵引治疗上颌骨腭骨正中骨折29例报告

目的 :探讨上颌骨腭骨正中骨折的治疗措施。方法 :对29例上颌骨腭骨正中骨折所形成的裂缝,采用橡皮圈牵引复位术+牙弓夹板颌间牵引复位术(或牵引钉颌间牵引复位术),辅以颅颌固定联合治疗。结果:术后纵向裂口逐渐缩小,骨缝基本拉拢,1月左右CT片显示骨折复位愈合情况良好,拆除全部牵引装置,3月后复查CT显示骨折全部Ⅰ期愈合、咬合关系正常。结论:橡皮圈牵引复位术+牙弓夹板颌间牵引复位术(或牵引钉颌间牵引复位术)辅以颅颌固定联合治疗上颌骨腭骨正中骨折,有利于骨折的复位愈合,能较好地恢复硬腭的形态结构,获得良好的咬合关系,恢复咬合功能。是一种价廉物美、值得推广的好方法。     

唇腭裂患者上颌骨牵引成骨术后发音方式的变化

目的:通过对行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术(rigidexternaldistraction,RED)唇腭裂患者治疗前后的错误发音数量变化、不同发音部位、不同发音方法以及不同类型错误发音发生特点及其变化评价,分析上颌骨RED对患者发音方式的影响。方法:1999年至2001年行上颌骨RED的唇腭裂术后上颌发育不足患者21例,其中男性13例,女性8例,平均年龄15.05岁。所有患者RED前后进行语音测听并分类。治疗前后错误发音的差异性用非参数检验。结果:RED术后42.9%患者错误发音数较RED前增加,19.0%减少,38.1%无变化。从发音部位,舌尖前音错误发音发生率最高,其次为舌面音。从发音方法,错误发音多发于塞擦音。错误发音类型以咽喉摩擦/爆破音为主,其次为腭化构音和声门爆破音。上颌骨RED后腭化构音累及音节数减少,但咽喉摩擦/爆破音和声门爆破音反而增加,尤其是咽喉摩擦/爆破音。结论:唇腭裂患者经RED前移上颌骨后,会对患者发音方式产生影响,在行语音治疗前需考虑全面。     

颅外固定牵引成骨技术矫治重度上颌发育不全术后长期稳定性的初步研究

目的探讨对外置式牵引成骨技术矫治重度上颌后缩术后的长期稳定性。方法对采用外置式牵引器矫治的5例重度上颌发育不足患者拍摄治疗前、稳定期末、术后1年及术后3～6年头颅定位侧位片,分析其X线头影测量结果。结果SNA角术后一年平均复发率23.7%,术后3～6年平均复发率38.0%。A点水平位移术后一年内平均复发率27.6%,术后3～6年平均复发率39.0%。A点垂直位移在术后1年内或上升或下降,但术后1年到术后3～6年内该变量均为向下增长。结论①在外置式牵引器拆除后一年内存在明显复发倾向,一年后复发趋势仍然存在,但明显减弱。②牵引成骨术后上颌骨前部骨质存在不同程度吸收改建。③未成年患者采用外置式牵引成骨术后面中部在垂直方向上存在进一步生长发育的可能。     

唇腭裂患者上颌骨牵引成骨术后口鼻腔共鸣的变化

目的:通过研究行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术(rigidexternaldistraction,RED)的唇腭裂患者前后过度鼻音、过低鼻音的变化,并结合腭咽部结构功能变化、上颌骨前移幅度等因素,综合分析上颌骨RED对口鼻腔共鸣的影响。方法:1999年至2001年行RED治疗的唇腭裂术后上颌发育不足患者21例,其中男性13例,女性8例,平均年龄15.05岁。所有患者RED手术前后语音测听、拍摄静止位及[i]位头颅定位片测量腭咽闭合功能,对检测结果行非参数检验。结果:RED术后患者过度鼻音程度显著加重。RED前61.9%患者存在过度鼻音,RED术后增至90.5%,所有患者均未出现过低鼻音。上颌骨前移幅度对患者术后过度鼻音加重程度有显著影响。患者腭咽闭合冠状收缩不全率(RVCR)和RED前的过度鼻音程度也直接影响术后的过度鼻音程度。结论:唇腭裂患者经RED前移上颌骨后,鼻腔共鸣增加,过度鼻音加重。     

颈带牵引面弓配合上颌快速扩弓的长期疗效评价

过去40年中，扩弓的作用在轻中度拥挤的患者中得到了重视。通过面弓的内弓扩大可以和口内螺旋器扩弓一样扩大上颌骨。本试验的目的在于比较两种扩弓方法对长期疗效的影响。     

纤维蛋白凝胶对上颌扩弓成骨矿化的影响

目的:研究原位注射纤维蛋白凝胶对SD大鼠上颌扩弓成骨矿化的影响.方法:体外实验中,将大鼠骨髓间充质细胞(rBMSCs)在不同凝血酶浓度制备的纤维蛋白凝胶环境下进行共培养,通过CCK-8、ALP染色和活性定量以及茜素红染色,检测梯度浓度凝血酶制备的纤维蛋白凝胶降解产物对rBMSCs细胞增殖和成骨分化的影响.将rBMSCs...     

口内入路的颌骨牵引成骨技术

目的 探讨口内入路的颌骨牵引成骨技术在牙颌面畸形矫治中的应用。方法 使用６种不同类型的口内牵引器分别水平向延长上颌骨和下颌骨体,水平垂直双向延长下颌骨升支以及垂直向延长牙槽嵴,以矫正重度上颌后缩畸形、小下颌畸形、半侧颜面发育不全畸形以及颌骨缺损畸形等,共１２例。结果 １２例不同类型的颌骨牵引成骨除１例牵引器故障,中途更换,另１例发生下颌下缘骨折并发症外,无感染、成骨不良、骨不愈合开Ｈｅ等并发症,１     

手术辅助快速扩弓矫治上颌横向发育不足的临床疗效分析

目的:评价手术辅助快速扩弓矫治成人上颌横向发育不足病例牙齿和基骨的变化。方法:上颌发育不足患者20例(男13例,女7例)按年龄分为扩弓组和手术组,扩弓组(平均年龄12.51±0.82岁)行矫形快速扩弓治疗;手术组(平均年龄19.07±2.54岁)行手术协助快速扩弓治疗。所有患者治疗前后摄头颅定位正侧位片和咬合片,头影测量分析、比较。结果:两组病例均有明显的扩弓效果,手术组牙弓宽度增加更为显著,扩弓组牙弓长度增加明显,但组间均无显著性差异;治疗前后,手术组B点显著后移,而扩弓组B点前移,组间有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗前后,手术组腭平面后旋,扩弓组腭平面前旋,组间有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗前后,两组病例上颌切牙均内倾,组间无显著性差异。结论:手术协助快速扩弓治疗成人上颌横向发育不足,可取得良好的扩弓效果;对上下颌骨、上颌切牙在矢状面的改变更有利于III类错畸形的矫正;在病例的选择上,更适用于低角病例。     

Distraction osteogenesis after irradiation in rabbit mandibles

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of irradiation on the formation of bone after distraction osteogenesis in rabbit mandibles. Sixteen rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: one was given 50Gy (n=6), one was given 60Gy (n=6), and one acted as a control group (n=4). One month after irradiation, the distractors were inserted. The control group was not irradiated. After a latency period of 8 days, distraction was activated at a rate of 0.4mm twice a day. The mandibles were harvested 6 weeks after consolidation. The specimens and histological examination showed good formation of bone. Histological slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin confirmed that the regeneration was bone. The bony trabeculae of the control group were much better than those of the irradiated groups. However, the nuclei of osteocytes were round and the osteoblasts around the trabeculae were columnar or cubic in shape in the irradiated groups. Osteoid was present in the dense fibrous connective tissue. There were significant differences in the surface:volume ratio of areas of bony trabeculae between the control and both experimental groups (p=0.010 and p=0.001), but there was no significant difference between the 50Gy and 60Gy groups. The results suggested that preoperative radiation prevented optimal regeneration of bone. However, the microscopic appearance of osteocytes and osteoblasts and the osteoid in the dense fibrous connective tissue in both irradiated groups showed that osteogenesis was still active and in progress. These findings may indicate that bone formation had only been delayed. The evidence was similar for both 50Gy and 60Gy.     

槲皮素在大鼠上颌快速扩弓时对腭中缝骨改建的影响

目的：研究槲皮素对大鼠上颌快速扩弓时腭中缝骨质改建的作用。方法：18只6周龄SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组,A组为空白对照组,B组为扩弓组,C组为扩弓并灌服槲皮素组,每组均6只。其中,A组不扩弓,也不灌服槲皮素;B﹑C组用双眼圈簧扩弓器扩弓,力值0.98 N,C组扩弓后每天灌服槲皮素（100 mg/kg）,A、B组根据体重灌服同剂量的生理盐水。14 d后处死大鼠,标本进行石蜡切片,行常规苏木精-伊红染色、Masson三色染色、免疫组织化学染色。利用Image-pro plus软件对切片吸光度进行分析,采用SPSS 19.0 软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：实验第14天,H-E染色和Masson染色显示,A组腭中缝见少量纤维组织,可见软骨细胞、间充质样细胞及成骨细胞等;B﹑C组腭中缝处纤维组织较多,成纤维细胞﹑软骨细胞增多,腭中缝近骨区域处多见成骨细胞;C组成骨细胞数量明显多于B组,有新骨钙化沉积。免疫组织化学染色显示,B组大鼠腭中缝组织中的BMP-2表达量在第14天时显著高于A组（P<0.01）,C 组大鼠腭中缝组织中BMP-2 的表达量显著高于B组（P<0.05）。结论：上颌快速扩弓可扩大生长发育期大鼠的腭中缝;槲皮素能够促进大鼠上颌快速扩弓时腭中缝BMP-2的表达,使骨质沉积钙化,加速新骨形成。     

The effects of rapid maxillary expansion on voice function

Objective:To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on vocal function in patients with bilateral maxillary crossbite.Materials and Methods:We designed our research as a prospective, controlled, clinical study. The treatment group and the control group each had 20 subjects for a total of 40 subjects. Acoustic voice samples were recorded from all patients at T₁ and T₂ by the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP Model 5105) for acoustic analysis in Computerized Speech Lab (CSL).Results:No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups in the means of any parameters.Conclusions:RME does not change vocal quality or resonance, so it can be safely used with patients.     

Influence of activation protocol on perceived pain during rapid maxillary expansion

Objective:To investigate the influence of two different activation protocols on the timing and intensity of pain during rapid maxillary expansion (RME).Materials and Methods:A total of 112 prepubertal patients (54 males and 58 females, mean age 11.00 ± 1.80 years) with constricted maxillary arches underwent RME with two different activation protocols (group 1: one activation/day; group 2: two activations/day). Patients were provided with a numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) to correctly assess their daily pain.Results:Subjects treated with RME at two activations/day reported statistically significantly greater amounts of pain than subjects treated with RME at one activation/day. Differences related to gender and skeletal maturity were found.Conclusion:The choice of activation protocol influences the perceived pain during RME, and less daily expansion is correlated to less pain. Pain reported during RME could be influenced by skeletal maturity and gender of the subjects under treatment.     

腭部不同类型快速扩弓配合前方牵引的应用进展

上颌快速扩弓配合前方牵引面具是早期治疗上颌骨发育不足的骨性安氏Ⅲ类错牙合常见方法之一.传统方法常用牙和黏膜支持式装置治疗替牙期及恒牙早期的骨性Ⅲ类患者,随着种植支抗的发展,种植钉被广泛应用于正畸治疗中,展示出稳定的骨性支抗效果.本文将对腭部不同类型快速扩弓配合前方牵引技术作一简要综述,为临床治疗提供参考.     

Rapid maxillary expansion in therapy-resistant enuretic children: An orthodontic perspective

Objective:To evaluate whether rapid maxillary expansion (RME) could reduce the frequency of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children and whether a placebo effect could be ruled out.Methods:Thirty-four subjects, 29 boys and five girls with mean age of 10.7 ± 1.8 years suffering from primary NE, were recruited. All subjects were nonresponders to the first-line antienuretic treatment and therefore were classified as “therapy resistant.” To rule out a placebo effect of the RME appliance, all children were first treated with a passive appliance for 4 weeks. Rhinomanometry (RM), acoustic rhinometry (AR), polysomnographic registration, and study casts were made at different time points.Results:One child experienced severe discomfort from the RME appliance and immediately withdrew from the study. Following RME, the long-term cure rate after 1 year was 60%. The RM and AR measurements at baseline and directly after RME showed a significant increase in nasal volume and nasal airflow, and there was a statistically significant correlation between reduction in enuresis and increase in nasal volume. Six months postretention, a 100% relapse of the dental overexpansion could be noted.Conclusions:RME has a curative effect in some children with NE, which could be connected to the positive influence of RME on the sleep architecture. Normal transverse occlusion does not seem to be a contraindication for moderate maxillary expansion in attempts to cure NE in children.     

Facial soft-tissue changes after rapid maxillary expansion analyzed with 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry: A randomized,controlled clinical trial

Objective:To evaluate three-dimensional (3-D) soft tissue facial changes following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and to compare these changes with an untreated control group.Materials and Methods:Patients who need RME as a part of their orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups of 17 patients each. Eligibility criteria included having maxillary transverse deficiency with crossbite, and to be in the normal range according to body mass index. In the first group (mean age  =  13.4 ± 1.2 years), expansion was performed. The second group received no treatment initially and served as untreated control (mean age  =  12.8 ± 1.3 years). Skeletal and soft tissue changes were evaluated using posteroanterior cephalograms and 3-D facial images. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the soft tissue changes. The secondary outcomes were evaluation hard tissue and soft tissue relations. Randomization was done with preprepared random number tables. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessment only. MANOVA, t-test, and correlation analyses were used (P  =  .05).Results:In both groups, there was a general trend of increase for the transverse skeletal measurements, but these increases were more limited in the control group. Alar base width was greater in the treatment group (P  =  .002). Pogonion soft tissue point (P  =  .022) was located more posteriorly in the expansion group compared with the control group.Conclusions:Soft tissue changes between groups were similar, except for the alar base, which became wider in the treatment group. Weak correlations were found between the skeletal and soft tissue changes.