Community mental health ideology and personality preferences of social work students

105 women social work graduate students completed the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) and the Community Mental Health Ideology (CMHI) Scale. Scores on each of the 16 EPPS variables were divided into deciles and into quartiles for comparisons with extreme scores on the CMHI Scale. Results revealed that high CMHI scorers showed significantly lower needs for deference and order personality variables, and indicated that the degree of commitment to community mental health ideology is significantly related to personality preferences.     

社区医务人员心理健康状态调查与分析

目的　探讨社区医务人员心理健康状况及其存在的问题。方法　应用 SCL-90对 3 1 6名医务人员进行调查 ,调查结果与全国常模进行对照 ,同时进行医生、护士、医技、常模间的对照。应用自制的患者评定量表对社区医院环境、硬件设施、技术质量、服务态度、收费、健康教育、心理疏导、灵活性等进行调查。结果　除躯体化外 ,社区医务人员整体、医生 SCL-90总分及各因子均分均较全国常模低 ,比较有显著性差异 ;除躯体化、敌对、恐怖、精神病因子外 ;护士组 SCL-90分及各因子均分均较常模低 ,比较有显著性差异 ;除躯体化、敌对外 ,医技组 SCL-90总分及各因子均分均较常模低 ,比较有显著性差异 ;医护、护技之间 SCL-90总分及各因子均分无差异 ;医、技之间 ,除敌对外 ,SCL-90总分和各因子均分无差异 ;社区医院服务态度、收费、灵活性最好 ,硬件设施、健康教育、心理疏导严重缺乏。结论　社区医务人员心理健康水平较好 ,能提供较好的服务 ;社区医院硬件设施应更新 ,应多开展健康教育、心理疏导工作     

A community mental health accountability scale

An Accountability Questionnaire was administered to administrators, service providers, and board members of 50 community mental health centers. The results, using cluster analysis techniques, yielded an Accountability Scale of 22 items. Four clusters with satisfactory discriminative validity were extracted: (a) Importance of Program Evaluation; (b) Satisfaction with State Monitoring Procedures; (c) Traditional Clinical versus Community Psychology Concerns; (d) Agency Preservation versus External Accountability. Analyses of variance indicated that board members, staff, and administrators differed significantly in their scores on each cluster. The Accountability Scale is a potential tool for community mental health agencies in assessing intraorganizational attitudes concerning accountability and has implications for administrative planning and evaluation.     

A regional evaluation of citizen mental health boards

This is a report of an evaluation of citizen board functioning in an eighty-county region. Included in the study were seven county mental health boards, four state hospital boards, one community mental health center and four metropolitan catchment area boards. Board effectiveness criteria (knowledge of mental health legislation, policy-making effectiveness, knowledge of the community and agency procedures, organizational effectiveness) are related to demographic and ideological profiles for each board. Board effectiveness was measured by the Self-Diagnosis Guidelines (Institute for Voluntary Organizations, 1977). Board ideology was assessed with the Community Mental Health Ideology Scale (Baker & Schulberg, 1969). Results indicated that: (1) boards were generally not representative of their communities; (2) most boards saw themselves as only marginally effective; (3) the low self-ratings of boards were due to deficiencies in crucial areas of board responsibility; (4) there were significant differences in effectiveness among boards; and (5) board members reported less support for community mental health philosophy than some professional groups. Implications of the findings for mental health policy and legislation were drawn.     

综合心理干预对社区老人抑郁情绪调整的效果分析

目的:探讨综合心理干预对社区老人抑郁情绪调整的效果。方法:2011年1-7月对社区60岁以上老人236例,随机分成综合心理干预实验组和对照组各118例,将两组采用自编的健康知识掌握评分量表、生活质量状况问卷和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定,将结果进行对比。结果:实验组接受综合心理干预后老年人在躯体健康、心理健康、社会生活3个维度存在问题的比率都低于对照组;实验前后两组HAMD评分比较,实验组实验前后评分差值明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(t=-4.43,P0.01)。结论:专业综合心理干预能有效提高社区老年人的心理健康知识掌握程度,降低社区老年人健康问题比率,能改善老人消极、抑郁情绪,提高社区老人的生活质量。     

Burnout,Moral Distress,Work–Life Balance,and Career Satisfaction among Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Professionals

A projected shortage of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) health professionals was identified as a major issue during the National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match System Capacity Initiative. Work-related distress and work–life balance were noted to be potential barriers to recruitment/retention. This study examined these barriers and their association with career satisfaction across HCT disciplines. A cross-sectional, 90-item, web-based survey was administered to advanced practice providers, nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and social workers in 2015. Participants were recruited from membership lists of 6 professional groups. Burnout (measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and moral distress (measured by Moral Distress Scale—Revised) were examined to identify work-related distress. Additional questions addressed demographics, work–life balance, and career satisfaction. Of 5759 HCT providers who received an individualized invitation to participate, 914 (16%) responded; 627 additional participants responded to an open link survey. Significant differences in demographic and practice characteristics existed across disciplines (P?<?.05). The prevalence of burnout differed across disciplines (P?<?.05) with an overall prevalence of 40%. Over one-half of pharmacists had burnout, whereas social workers had the lowest prevalence at less than one-third. Moral distress scores ranged from 0 to 336 and varied by discipline (P?<?.05); pharmacists had the highest mean score (62.9 ± 34.8) and social workers the lowest (42.7 ± 24.4). In multivariate and univariate analyses, variables contributing to burnout varied by discipline; however, moral distress was a significant contributing factor for all providers. Those with burnout were more likely to report inadequate work–life balance and a low level of career satisfaction; however, overall there was a high level of career satisfaction across disciplines. Burnout, moral distress, and inadequate work–life balance existed at a variable rate in all HCT disciplines, yet career satisfaction was high. These results suggest specific areas to address in the work environment for HCT health professionals, especially the need for relief of moral distress and a greater degree of personal time. As the creation of healthy work environments is increasingly emphasized to improve quality care and decrease costs, these findings should be used by HCT leadership to develop interventions that mitigate work-related distress and in turn foster recruitment and retention of HCT providers.     

煤工尘肺患者心理障碍及社会支持研究

目的 探讨煤工尘肺患者的心理障碍及社会支持.方法 调查天府南桐矿区的煤工尘肺患者312例,采用自编的煤工尘肺患者心理量表、症状自评量表(SCL- 90)、生活满意度量表和社会支持量表测定,评估其心理障碍症状.结果 312例煤工尘肺患者SCL-90总均分及各因子得分显著高于对照组(t=12.48,P＜0.001),社会支...     

下岗职工心理卫生状况及其相关因素研究

目的：探讨下岗职工心理卫生状况及其影响因素。方法：随机抽取保定市部分国有和集体企业下岗职工400人和在岗职工110人为调查对象。采用SCL－90、LES、EPQ、社会支持问卷和应对方式问卷分别对两组人中同进行调查。结果：20％的下岗职工存在心理障碍,与对照组（10％）比较有显著差异（P＜0．001）。主要表现为抑郁、焦虑、躯体比。女性较男性更为突出（P＜0．001）。下岗职工组LES总分、工作学习问题因子分高于对照组（P＜0．01）;EPQ的精神质、神经质高于对照组（P＜0．01）;社会支持量表总分及各因子分均低于对照组（P＜0．001）;应对方式问卷的消极应对因子分显著高于对照组（P＜0．001）。相关及回归分析表明：性别、消极应对、神经质个性特点及生活事件是影响下岗职工心理卫生状况的主要因素。结论：部分下岗职工存在着明显的心理障碍,应引起社会、政府、企业及心理卫生工作者的重视。     

Decision-making,professional discipline,and program affiliation: Selection of an inpatient treatment alternative

Used a hypothetical case history to examine the clinical decision-making of a group of 75 mental health practioners representing the disciplines of alcohol/drug counseling, nursing, psychiatry, psychology, and social work. The variables of professional discipline, program affiliation, work setting, and influential case history items were studied in relation to clinicians' selection of an inpatient treatment alternative. All clinicians, including para-professionals, performed similarly in that they followed an internally consistent process of reasoning in identifying influential case history items and using them in decision-making. Program affiliation and work setting had no biasing effect on decision-making, and only social workers showed a clear indication of a “set” related to their professional discipline. The implications of these findings for multi-disciplinary settings are discussed.     

团体心理辅导促进高校贫困生心理健康的有效性研究

目的探讨团体心理辅导促进高校贫困生心理健康的效果。方法同时对2所高校各9名贫困生分别进行团体心理辅导,对比辅导前后两组团体成员自尊、抑郁、焦虑、孤独、羞怯量表的得分差异,并在辅导后进行自我主观评价、团体活动反馈和开放性团体效果的评估。结果两组团体成员辅导后各量表平均分均低于辅导前,除某高校团体成员羞怯量表前后测差异不显著外,其余量表前后测差异均达到显著或极显著。所有成员都认为自己在理解别人、乐于交友、有责任感方面进步最大;团体内容有益有价值;学会了正确认识并应对贫困。结论针对性强、团体气氛好的团体心理辅导对于促进高校贫困生心理健康具有实效性和普适性。     

The nature and correlates of community mental health ideology in community mental health centers

Five hundred ninety-five staff at 20 CMHCs were surveyed as part of a large study of mental health worker roles. Data on the endorsement of the ideology of community mental health (CMHI) were obtained. Significant associations were found between ideology and level of education and time allocated to Direct and Indirect Services. Different patterns were noted when specific occupations were considered. Significant associations were also found between CMHI and organizational personal role and role discrepancy. Significant increments in the variance associated with CMHI were accounted for by personal role definition and time spent in Direct and Indirect Services. The absolute level of CMHI among staff was not high. The extent to which CMHCs are carrying out the ideology and the implications of this for the future of the movement is questioned.     

Predicting psychotherapy duration from therapists' sex,professional affiliation,democratic values,and community mental health ideology

Analyzed therapists' scores on the Community Mental Health Ideology (CMHI) and Democratic Values scales and their sex and professional affiliation to predict the number of psychotherapy visits of 166 outpatients. A step-wise multiple regression indicated that all variables taken together accounted for 3% of the variance in treatment duration. A four-way analysis of variance revealed only a significant main effect for the CMHI scale. Thus, low-scoring CMHI therapists had significantly more therapy sessions with their clients than high-scoring CMHI therapists. The latter may emphasize briefer treatment approaches that stress outside resources and primary prevention.     

Breast and cervical cancer screening for women with mental illness: patient and provider perspectives on improving linkages between primary care and mental health

Summary Objective: Previous research suggests that women with mental illness may be at increased risk for breast and cervical cancer. This qualitative study of patients and primary care and mental health providers explored challenges to accessing and providing breast and cervical cancer screening for women with mental illness. Method: Key informant patient and provider participants were recruited from a community health setting and teaching hospital. Narrative data from 1) interviews with women in a community primary care setting (n = 16); 2) telephone interviews with women with mental illness (n = 16); and 3) focus groups with primary care providers (n = 9) and mental health providers (n = 26) were collected. Results: Patient, provider, and system factors that may contribute to suboptimal cancer screening among women with mental illness were identified. Communication between primary care and mental health providers was noted as a key area for intervention to enhance screening. Barriers to and possibilities for a more proactive role for mental health providers were also considered. Conclusions: Both patient and provider study participants emphasized the need to address communication gaps between primary care and mental health providers and to promote the active collaboration of mental health providers in preventive cancer screening for women with mental illness.     

高考学生感恩与自测健康的关系

目的:研究高考学生感恩与自测健康之间的关系。方法:采用感恩问卷(GQ-6)和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V1.0)对207名高考学生进行调查,分析感恩与高考学生自测生理、心理、社会健康和健康总分的关系。结果:1除自测社会健康外,高考学生的自测生理、心理健康和健康量表总分均低于一般人群;2将高考学生感恩成绩分为高感恩组、中间组和低感恩组,且不同感恩组在自测生理健康(F=5.865,P0.01)、自测心理健康(F=7.105,P0.01)、自测社会健康(F=14.232,P0.01)和健康总分(F=13.027,P0.01)上差异均极其显著;3除在自测生理健康方面中间组与低感恩组无差异外,高感恩组在健康各维度上的得分高,中间组居中,低感恩组得分最低;4高考学生的感恩与自测生理健康(r=0.182,P0.01)、自测心理健康(r=0.270,P0.01)、自测社会健康(r=0.351,P0.01)和健康总分(r=0.333,P0.01)均为极其显著正相关;并且感恩能够显著预测自测生理健康(β=0.188,P0.05)、自测心理健康(β=0.274,P0.01)、自测社会健康(β=0.352,P0.01)和健康总分(β=0.338,P0.01)。结论:高考学生总体的自测健康状况不容乐观,应该积极关注高考学生的健康状况;感恩是影响高考学生自测健康的重要因素,应该进一步加强高考学生的感恩教育。     

班级团体辅导在大学生心理健康教育课程中应用的实证研究

目的:进行班级团体辅导式心理健康教育的实证研究,考察班级团体心理辅导应用于心理健康教育课程的可行性与有效性。方法:采取随机整群(班)抽样,选取某医学院2个自然班作为研究对象,实验组24人、对照组24人,实验组进行6个单元的班级团体辅导,对照组不做干预,运用大学生人际关系诊断量表、自我和谐量表、青少年时间管理倾向量表及自编的团体辅导反馈表对辅导效果进行评估。结果:实验班的大学人际关系诊断量表、自我和谐量表、青少年时间管理倾向量表后测得分比对照班有显著性的改善(t=-6.789,-2.999,5.652;P0.01),同时实验班的人际关系诊断量表(t=7.507,P0.01)、自我和谐量表(t=13.801,P0.01)、青少年时间管理倾向量表(t=-13.192,P0.01)后测得分显著优于前测。结论:将班级式团体辅导应用于大学生心理健康教育课程中的方法具有很好的推广价值。     

人际交往团体辅导改善大学生心理健康水平的研究

目的 尝试对较大团体采用人际交往团体辅导改善大学生心理健康。方法 选取云南师范大学大学生49名,采用单因素重复测量设计自然实验,在3个月内对学生进行5个阶段11次活动的团体辅导。使用SCL-90,SAD前后测进行量的分析,结合学生自评和表现进行质的分析。结果 被试在后测SCL-90各项因子得分低于前测,其中敌对因子有非常显著的差异,人际交往敏感、焦虑因子有显著差异;SAD后测得分低于前测,总分、社交苦恼分有非常显著的差异,社交回避分有显著差异。结论 人际交往团体辅导对急于改变个人心理健康状况的大学生有较好的作用,能提高大学生的心理健康水平,特别是在人际交往敏感、社交敏感与社交回避方面。     

徐州煤矿伤工心理健康及社会支持研究

目的研究煤矿受伤工人的心理健康和社会支持状况,为开展针对性心理健康教育提供依据。方法抽取住院井下受伤工人自愿参与的115名作为研究对象,同期在体检中心另选煤矿井下作业工人作对照组,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行问卷调查。结果与对照组比较115名煤矿井下伤工SCL-90各因子分、总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分具有显著差异。社会主客观支持、支持利用度水平具有非常显著差异。结论煤矿伤工心理健康水平较差,应该有针对性地开展健康教育,以便能促进伤工尽快地恢复健康和保持健康的心理。     

Routine antenatal maternal screening for current mental health: evaluation of a change in the use of the Edinburgh Depression Scale in clinical practice

A hospital antenatal clinic conducting routine psychosocial screening changed the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) referral criterion for determining which women needed to be referred to a multidisciplinary meeting health professional (“Safe Start meeting”). The criterion was changed from a score of 10 or more to 13 or more, when no other psychosocial risks were present. Women scoring 10–12 on the EDS, with no other psychosocial risks, were now informed they should contact the Social Work Department if they had issues they wanted to discuss with a health professional. The study evaluated the impact of this change in EDS clinical practice. Records were audited over a 20-month period. In addition, 20 women scoring in this EDS marginal range (10–12), with no other psychosocial risks, participated in a telephone interview to ascertain if they should have been referred to the Safe Start meeting. Of 174 eligible women who scored in the marginal EDS range, none had contacted the Social Work Department. In addition, none of the 20 women interviewed indicated that they would have wanted to talk further with a health professional. This change in clinical practice reduced monthly referrals to the Safe Start meeting by about 20 %. There was a linear relationship between the increasing EDS category scores and the likelihood of psychosocial risks being endorsed. Increasing the automatic referral EDS cutoff score from 10 or more to 13 or more does not appear to result in women “in need” being missed. The reduction in referrals allowed more time in the Safe Start meeting to be devoted to women with greater needs.     

不同年级医学生心理健康状况

目的了解不同年级医学生心理健康状况的差异,为其心理健康教育工作及心理卫生干预提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SA S)、抑郁状态问卷(DS I)、人际信任量表(ITS)、社交回避及苦恼量表(SAD)抽样调查陕西省共计2770名医学生。结果①SCL-90中除敌对因子外,其他各项因子结果均显示一年级医学生高于三年级医学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);②SA S得分没有显著性差异(t=-1.75,P>0.05);③DS I得分显示有显著性差异(t=-4.89,P<0.001);④ITS得分显示有显著性差异(t=-2.08,P<0.05)⑤SAD得分显示有显著性差异(t=-3.32,P<0.001)。结论不同年级医学生的心理健康状况存在差异,在医学生的素质教育中必须针对学生不同的心理特点,有针对地开展心理健康教育。     

炼油企业职工工作倦怠与心理健康关系研究

目的探讨炼油企业职工的工作倦怠与心理健康的关系。方法采用M aslach倦怠量表和心理健康量表对125名炼油企业职工进行了调查。结果①炼油企业职工在情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感3个维度上的总分均分是:3.097±1.502,2.066±1.002,3.333±1.124;②经检验,不同年龄和学历的职工在3维度上没有差异;③常与人打交道的职业(销售和管理者)与不经常与人打交道的职业(如化工和电工等)在情绪衰竭维度上存在差异,经常与人打交道的职业在此维度上得分(3.163±1.074)高于不经常与人打交道职业(2.894±1.613);④不同性别的职工有显著差异,男女职工在情绪衰竭和玩世不恭维度上差异极显著,女职工在情绪衰竭(3.485±1.503)和玩世不恭维度上分值(2.360±0.977)均偏高;⑤已婚和未婚职工在成就感维度上差异显著,且未婚职工的成就感得分(4.111±1.362)高于已婚职工(3.191±1.027);⑥职工的SCL-90各因子分与国内常模进行比较,职工在抑郁、焦虑、强迫因子上的分数高于国内常模,其差异具有统计学意义;⑦情绪衰竭与心理健康各因子呈显著的正相关。结论工作倦怠影响员工的心理健康。