Ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: efficacy of first-line combination perindopril/indapamide therapy

Background

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is more sensitive than office BP and is highly correlated with the left ventricular mass (LVM) of hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

Methods

In this prospectively designed ancillary study of the PICXEL trial, the effects of first-line combination perindopril/indapamide on ambulatory BP were compared with those of monotherapy with enalapril in 127 patients. Hypertensive patients with LVH received once daily either perindopril 2 mg/indapamide 0.625 mg (n = 65) or enalapril 10 mg (n = 62) for 52 weeks. Dose adjustments were allowed for uncontrolled BP. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP and echocardiographic parameters were measured at baseline, week 24, and week 52.

Results

At study end, both treatments significantly improved ambulatory BP compared with baseline (p ≤ 0.01). Perindopril/indapamide treatment reduced 24-hour and daytime systolic BP (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) significantly more than enalapril treatment (p < 0.01). No significant between-group differences were noted for diastolic BP (DBP) or for night-time measurements. Trough/peak ratios were higher with perindopril/indapamide than with enalapril (88.5 vs 65.8 for SBP and 86.7 vs 63.9 for DBP, respectively). The global smoothness index was higher with perindopril/indapamide than with enalapril (6.6 vs 5.2 for SBP and 5.6 vs 4.9 for DBP, respectively). With perindopril/indapamide treatment, LVM index was significantly reduced (−9.1 g/m² from baseline; p vs baseline <0.001). More patients required dose increases with enalapril (87%) than with perindopril/indapamide (71%). No unusual safety elements were noted.

Conclusions

First-line perindopril/indapamide combination decreased ambulatory SBP and PP, and LVM more effectively than enalapril.     

Blood pressure normalization by fixed perindopril/indapamide combination in hypertensive patients with or without associate metabolic syndrome: results of the OPTIMAX 2 study

The aim of the observational pharmaco-epidemiological study Optimax II was to seek whether the pre-existence of a metabolic syndrome (MS) defined by the NCEP-ATP III criteria impacts blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients receiving a fixed perindopril/indapamide combination therapy. The primary objective of the study was to compare in patients with and without MS the rate of BP control defined as a systolic BP < or = 140 mmHg and a diastolic BP < or = 90 mmHg. Patients were prospectively included and the follow-up lasted 6 months. The study population consisted of 24,069 hypertensive patients (56% men; mean age 62 +/- 11 years; 18% diabetics; mean BP at inclusion 162 +/- 13/93 +/- 9 mmHg). MS was found in 30.4% of the patients (n = 7322): 35.2% women and 20.1% men. Three therapeutic subgroups were constituted: Group A, previously untreated, received the combination therapy as initial treatment; Group B, previously treated but with unsatisfactory results and/or treatment intolerance, had its previous treatment switched to perindopril/indapamide; and Group C, previously treated, with good treatment tolerance but uncontrolled BP, received the study treatment in adjunction to the previous one. The normalization rate was 70.3% in group A, 68.4% in Group B, and 64.1% in Group C (p < 0.0001). The pre-existence of MS did not show any significant influence on these rates since BP lowering was -22.7 +/- 13.7 (SBP) and -12.0 +/- 10.0 mmHg (DBP) in patients without MS and 22.6 +/- 13.3 (SBP) and -12.1 +/- 9.7 (DBP) in those with MS. The results of this study show a significant effect of perindopril/indapamide treatment on systolic BP lowering, whatever the treatment status: initiation, switch, or adjunctive therapy, and independently from the presence or not of MS. This effect may be related to the specific vascular effect of the perindopril/indapamide combination, which has recently demonstrated in the ADVANCE trial its ability to reduce mortality, and cardiovascular and renal complications in diabetic patients.     

The prevention of the hypertension related damage in type-2 diabetes: the first step of the ADVANCE trial

ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation) is a large-scale trial designed to investigate the benefits of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. After a mean of 4.3 years of follow-up, 73% of those assigned to active treatment (fix combination of 4/1.25 mg perindopril/indapamide) and 74% of those assigned to control remained on randomised treatment. Compared with patients assigned to placebo, those assigned to active therapy had a mean reduction in blood pressure of 5.6/2.2 mm Hg. The relative risk of a major macrovascular or microvascular event was reduced by 9% (861 [15.5%] active vs 938 [16.8%] placebo; hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-1.00, p = 0.04). The fix combination of perindopril and indapamide could be the best possible protector against hypertension-related consequences for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Blood pressure normalization in a large population of hypertensive patients treated with perindopril/indapamide combination: results of the OPTIMAX trial

Objective

To determine if the fixed-dose perindopril/indapamide combination (Per/Ind) normalizes blood pressure (BP) in the same fraction of hypertensive patients when treated in everyday practice or in controlled trials.

Methods

In this prospective trial, 17 938 hypertensive patients were treated with Per 2 mg/Ind 0.625 mg for 3–6 months. In Group 1 Per/Ind was initiated in newly diagnosed patients (n = 7032); in Group 2 Per/Ind replaced previous therapy in patients already treated but having either their BP still uncontrolled or experiencing side-effects (n = 7423); in Group 3 Per/Ind was added to previous treatment in patients with persistently high BP (n = 3483). BP was considered normalized when ≤ 140/90 mm Hg. A multivariate analysis for predictors of BP normalization was performed.

Results

Subjects were on average 62 years old and had a baseline BP of 162.3/93.6 mm Hg. After treatment with Per/Ind, BP normalization was reached in 69.6% of patients in the Initiation group, 67.5% in the Replacement Group, and 67.4% in the Add-on Group (where patients were more frequently at risk, diabetic, or with target organ damage). Mean decreases in systolic BP of 22.8 mm Hg and in diastolic BP of 12.4 mm Hg were recorded.

Conclusions

This trial was established to reflect everyday clinical practice, and a treatment strategy based on the Per/Ind combination, administered as initial, replacement, or add-on therapy, led to normalization rates that were superior to those observed in Europe in routine practice. These results support recent hypertension guidelines which encourage the use of combination therapy in the management of arterial hypertension.     

西拉普利与吲达帕胺或氢氯噻嗪合用的降压疗效观察

目的研究和评价西拉普利与小剂量吲达帕胺或氢氯噻嗪合用降压疗效及对代谢的影响。方法选择45例轻、中度原发性高血压患者,随机分成3组,每组各15例。西拉普利组:单用西拉普利2.5-5mg,1／d;西拉普利与吲达帕胺合用组:西拉普利2.5mg,1／d,加吲达帕胺2.5mg,1／d;西拉普利与氢氯噻嗪合用组:西拉普利2.5mg,1／d,加氢氯噻嗪12.5mg,2／d,3组疗程均为8周。观察3组治疗前后的随测血压(CBP)和生化指标。结果西拉普利与利尿剂合用后的两组总有效率及降压程度均明显优于西拉普利单用组,且治疗前后各项生化指标无明显改变。结论西拉普利与吲达帕胺或氢氯噻嗪联合应用治疗高血压较单用西拉普利更有效,而且对代谢无影响,具有良好效果。     

Advanced credit: patient enrolling and therapy initiation in the ADVANCE trial

In the new millennium, high blood pressure and diabetes are emerging as one of the greatest threats to the health of populations worldwide. The comanagement of diabetes (hemoglobinA1c < 6.5%), and hypertension (blood pressure <130/80 Hgmm), has become central to the prevention of macro- and microvascular disease in diabetic patients. The Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: PreterAx and DiamicroN trial, the first large prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, uses a factorial 2 x 2 design to determine the effects on macro- and microvascular outcomes of blood pressure lowering (with a perindopril/indapamide combination) and of intensive glucose control using a gliclazide MR based regimen.     

缬沙坦与依那普利治疗老年1、2级高血压的疗效和安全性比较

目的比较缬沙坦与依那普利治疗老年1、2级高血压的疗效和安全性。方法 2011年11月—2013年9月选择110例老年1、2级高血压患者,随机分为缬沙坦组54例、依那普利组56例,前者服用缬沙坦80~160 mg,1次/d,后者服用依那普利2.5~20 mg,2次/d,疗程均为8周,观察两组治疗前后血压变化和不良反应发生情况。计量资料采用成组设计u检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果治疗8周后,两组血压均明显降低[(140.5±8.3)/(84.9±7.0)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(138.9±7.5)/(85.9±5.8)mm Hg],与治疗前[(154.8±10.4)/(96.0±5.9)mm Hg vs(152.9±11.2)/(96.6±5.6)mm Hg]比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。总有效率缬沙坦组83.3%,依那普利组76.8%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不良反应发生率缬沙坦组9.3%,明显低于依那普利组28.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论缬沙坦与依那普利治疗老年1、2级高血压均有显著疗效,前者不良反应小,耐受性和安全性好,更适合老年患者。     

舒洛地特联合缬沙坦对高血压肾损害患者肾功能和尿蛋白的影响

目的观察舒洛地特联合缬沙坦治疗对高血压肾损害患者肾功能和尿蛋白的影响。方法60例高血压肾损害患者均进行基础治疗，然后随机分为两组，对照组30例，每天晨服缬沙坦胶囊80mg；治疗组30例，在对照组治疗基础上加服舒洛地特胶囊250LSU，每日2次。两组疗程均为3个月。检测治疗前后血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血尿酸（uA）、血清光抑素C（cystatin C）、24h尿蛋白、尿β2－微球蛋白（β2－MG）、尿旺。微球蛋白（α1－MG）、尿N－乙酰－β－D葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）。结果与治疗前相比，两组治疗后BUN、Cr、UA无明显变化（P〉0．05），cystatinC均明显减少（P〈0．01），而治疗组血cvstatin C减少更加明显（P〈O．01）；两组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量、尿α1－MG、β2－MG、NAG均明显减少（P〈O．01），而治疗组24h尿蛋白定量、尿仪。α1－MG、β2－MG、NAG减少更加咀显（P〈0．01）。结论舒洛地特联合缬沙坦治疗比单纯应用缬沙坦治疗能够更有效地降低2型糖尿病肾病患者的尿蛋白，对肾脏具有良好的保护作用。     

Mixed models showed no need for initial response monitoring after starting antihypertensive therapy

ObjectiveTo demonstrate how mixed models may be used to estimate treatment effects, and inform decisions on the need for monitoring initial response.Study Design and SettingMixed models were used to analyze data from the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS), which examined the effects of perindopril and indapamide in 6,105 patients at high risk of a cerebrovascular event.ResultsThe mean effect of perindopril was to lower blood pressure (BP) (systolic/diastolic) by 6/3 mmHg. The mean effects of perindopril/indapamide varied according to baseline BP, and lowering of BP ranged from 9/5 to 14/5 mmHg (for individuals with a baseline systolic BP <140 and >150 mmHg, respectively). We found no variation in the effects of treatment on BP for either perindopril alone or in combination with indapamide. The effects of treatment on the individual can be predicted from the mean effect of treatment for the group (perindopril) or baseline systolic BP subgroup (perindopril/indapamide).ConclusionMonitoring initial treatment response is unnecessary for antihypertensives similar to those examined in this study. To address this issue for other therapies, we suggest that trials should report estimates of treatment effects from mixed models, and the CONSORT statement should be expanded to include this item.     

缬沙坦联合吲哒帕胺治疗高血压的临床研究

目的：探讨缬沙坦联合吲哒帕胺治疗高血压的临床效果。方法：选取280例高血压患者资料进行回顾性分析,随机分为观察组（100例）和对照组（对照A组90例、B组90例）。所有患者均停用其他降压药物2周左右。对照A组给予缬沙坦,对照B组给予吲哒帕胺;观察组给予缬沙坦联合吲达帕胺,3组均连续治疗8周。结果：治疗前,3组患者血压比较无显著性差异;用药治疗后观察组血压降低幅度明显高于对照组,总有效率比较有显著性差异（x2=6.472,P〈0.05）。结论：缬沙坦联合吲哒帕胺治疗高血压病具有起效快、疗效和持续时间长及不良反应少的特点,是治疗高血压的理想选择,值得临床推广和应用。     

Utilization of soy protein isolate mixed with rice protein in Japanese women

Utilization and requirement of soy protein isolate (SPI) and SPI-rice combination were examined in twenty-five female students. After 1 day on protein-free diet, each subject received a low-protein diet for 10 days. The protein sources were SPI for ten subjects and SPI-rice combination, in which the ratio of two proteins was 6:4, for fifteen subjects. The nitrogen intakes were about 45, 65 and 85 mg/kg in both the two series of experiments. Energy intake was at an approximate maintenance level of 36.1 +/- 3.0 kcal/kg. Apparent nitrogen balance improved with increase in nitrogen intake. The regression equations between nitrogen intake (X, mg/kg) and balance (Y, mg/kg) are shown in the following: SPI: Y = 0.411 X - 40.8 (n = 10, r = 0.812) SPI and rice protein: Y = 0.392 X -32.7 (n = 15, r = 0.739) From the above equations, the maintenance intakes of SPI and SPI-rice combination for an apparent nitrogen equilibrium were calculated to be 99 and 83 mg N/kg, respectively. Digestibilities were 98.2 +/- 5.0% for SPI and 93.1 +/- 6.1% for SPI-rice combination. The NPUs of SPI at intake levels of 40, 60 and 80 mg N/kg were 47 +/- 24 (n = 4), 49 (n = 2) and 44 +/- 3 (n = 4), respectively. The NPUs of SPI and rice mixed protein at intake levels of 45, 70 and 90 mg N/kg were 67 +/- 13 (n = 5), 51 +/- 7 (n = 5) and 54 +/- 12 (n = 5), respectively. It was concluded from the present study that both SPI and the SPI-rice combination had a high nutritive efficiency comparable with that of egg protein.     

The effect of combination treatment with acarbose and glibenclamide on postprandial glucose and insulin profiles: additive blood glucose lowering effect and decreased hypoglycaemia

This study compared the effects of acarbose plus glibenclamide combination therapy with acarbose or glibenclamide treatment alone on postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide levels, and the tendency to develop hypoglycaemia. A total of 84 patients with Type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose: 120-180 mg/dl; postprandial blood glucose: 140-240 mg/dl) was included in this two-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomised to one of 4 treatment groups: acarbose (100 mg); glibenclamide (3.5 mg); acarbose plus glibenclamide; or placebo. Treatment was administered before a standard breakfast, and fasting (07.30 h, 08.00 h) and postprandial (09.00, 10.00, 11.00, 12.00 h) blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide levels were determined. Acarbose plus glibenclamide treatment significantly reduced the mean increase in postprandial blood glucose levels (23.7+/-17.3 mg/dl) compared with either acarbose (58.4+/-31.6 mg/dl), glibenclamide (56.9+/-42.8 mg/dl) or placebo (101.6+/-49.2 mg/dl) (p<0.05 for all). Serum insulin levels (mean AUC(7.30-12 h)) observed with acarbose plus glibenclamide combination therapy were significantly lower than those observed with glibenclamide monotherapy (243.5+/-161.1 vs 383.4+/-215.8 hr x microU/ml; p=0.02), and comparable with the values seen with placebo (226.0+/-166.6 hr x microU/ml), suggesting that acarbose modifies the insulin secretion induced by glibenclamide. Glibenclamide monotherapy resulted in a significantly higher rate of decrease in blood glucose level than with acarbose plus glibenclamide (71.8+/-29.9 vs 46.2+/-18.0 mg/dl x h(-1); p=0.0003), and blood glucose levels at 11.00 h were also markedly lower with glibenclamide (84.4+/-29 mg/dl) than acarbose plus glibenclamide (102.0+/-41 mg/dl), suggesting a reduced tendency for hypoglycaemic episodes with acarbose plus glibenclamide than with glibenclamide alone. In all, 6 (29%) hypoglycaemic episodes occurred with glibenclamide, 2 (10%) with acarbose plus glibenclamide and none with acarbose. Acarbose plus glibenclamide combination therapy results in an additive glucose lowering effect and reduced risk for hypoglycaemia. Acarbose modifies the insulin secretion induced by glibenclamide, which explains the lower risk of hypoglycaemia compared with glibenclamide monotherapy.     

The impact of vitamins and/or mineral supplementation on blood pressure in type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: The present study designed to assess the effect of Mg+Zn, vitamin C+E, and combination of these micronutrients on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, 69 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into four groups, each group receiving one of the following daily supplement for three months; group M: 200 mg Mg and 30 mg Zn (n = 16), group V: 200 mg vitamin C and 150 mg vitamin E (n = 18), group MV: minerals plus vitamins (n = 17), group P: placebo (n = 18). Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Treatment effects were analyzed by general linear modeling. RESULTS: Results indicate that after three months of supplementation levels of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure decreased significantly in the MV group by 8 mmHg (122 +/- 16 vs. 130 +/- 19 mmHg), 6 mmHg (77 +/- 9 vs. 83 +/- 11 mmHg), and 7 mmHg (92 +/- 9 vs. 99 +/- 13 mmHg), respectively (p < 0.05). Also combination of vitamin and mineral supplementation had significantly effects in increasing serum potassium (p < 0.05) and in decreasing serum malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the levels of these parameters in the other three groups. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that in type 2 diabetic patients a combination of vitamins and minerals, rather than vitamin C and E or Mg and Zn, might decrease blood pressure.     

Metoprolol succinate extended release/hydrochlorothiazide combination tablets

Lowering elevated blood pressure (BP) with drug therapy reduces the risk for catastrophic fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Given the heterogeneity of hypertension as a disease, the marked variability in an individual patient's BP response, and low response rates with monotherapy, expert groups such as the Joint National Committee (JNC) emphasize the value of combination antihypertensive regimens, noting that combinations, usually of different classes, have additive antihypertensive effects. Metoprolol succinate extended-release tablet is a beta-1 (cardio-selective) adrenoceptor-blocking agent formulated to provide controlled and predictable release of metoprolol. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is a well-established diuretic and antihypertensive agent, which promotes natruresis by acting on the distal renal tubule. The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety/tolerability of the antihypertensive combination tablet, metoprolol extended release hydrochlorothiazide, essentially reflect the well-described independent characteristics of each of the component agents. Not only is the combination product more effective than monotherapy with the individual components but the combination product allows a low-dose multidrug regimen as an alternative to high-dose monotherapy, thereby, minimizing the likelihood of dose-related side-effects.     

缬沙坦／氨氯地平和依贝沙坦／双氢克尿噻联合治疗老龄高血压疗效的研究

目的 比较缬沙坦/氨氯地平和依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻两种联合用药对老龄高血压患者的疗效.方法 经过4周药物洗刷期,94例老龄高血压患者被随机分为缬沙坦160 mg/氨氯地平5 mg和依贝沙坦300 mg/双氢克尿噻12.5 mg两组,治疗周期为24周,对于药物治疗4周后无反应的患者氨氯地平或双氧克尿噻加倍剂量给药.观察期间测定卧位、坐位及立位血压（收缩压和舒张压）和心率,治疗结束后并测定尿酸和血钾数值.结果 用药后两组各自的血压值均明显下降（氨氯地平和双氢克尿噻剂量加倍者分别为9例和11例）,但两组间的比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,从卧位到站立血压下降在依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻组中比缬沙坦/氨氯地平组更明显,分别为-17.2/-9.1 mmHg和-10.1/-1.9mmHg（SBP：t=2.14,P＜0.05,DBP：t=3.11,P＜0.01）.在依贝沙坦/双氢克尿噻组中,相对治疗前血钾水平明显降低（-0.4 mmol/L,t=2.33,P＜0.05）,尿酸明显升高（＋29.7 μmol/L,t=2.54,P＜0.05）.结论 两组药物均能显著降低老龄患者的高血压状况,但缬沙坦/氨氯地平组在对由体位改变引起的血压变化情况影响较小,且有较少的代谢副作用.     

中风患者脉压特征及降压治疗后的变化和预后转归

目的探讨中风患者脉压的变化特点和降压治疗的影响以及对预防中风再发的作用。方法将80例中风患者随机分为两组，分别予培哚普利与吲哒帕胺联合治疗或安慰剂治疗4年，观察血压、血钠、血钾、血肌酐及中风、心血管事件的发生情况。结果老年中风患者舒张压随着年龄并无继续上升，但脉压则显著增高(P＜0．05)，并与血钠水平呈正相关(P＜0．01)，与安慰剂组比较，联合治疗组脉压下降，血钠浓度降低，中风和总心血管事件发生率较低(P值均＜0．05)。结论老年患者、尤其是出现动脉硬化后，应密切注重对脉压的控制，以达到最大限度改善预后的目的，培哚普利与吲哒帕胺联合治疗是有效手段之一。     

A review of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension: blood pressure control in the early morning hours

Measurement of blood pressure in the clinic may provide a false impression of blood pressure control. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows the automatic recording of the circadian variation in blood pressure and evaluation of the efficacy of antihypertensive medication throughout the dosing interval. Ambulatory blood pressure provides more effective prediction of cardiovascular risk; blood pressure control at the time of heightened risk in the early morning after waking and before taking the next dose of medication is becoming important in order to improve long-term prognosis. To achieve blood pressure control in the early morning, a long-acting antihypertensive agent is essential. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, as well as having a terminal elimination half-life of 24 h, has a large volume of distribution due to its high lipophilicity. The efficacy of telmisartan 80 mg monotherapy has been demonstrated using ABPM, with superior reduction in mean values for the last 6 h of the dosing interval compared with ramipril 10 mg and valsartan 80 mg. In addition, telmisartan 80 mg provides superior blood pressure control after a missed dose compared with valsartan 160mg. When combined with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg, telmisartan 40mg and 80mg is more effective than losartan/HCTZ (50/12.5 mg) at the end of the dosing interval. Furthermore, greater reductions in last 6 h mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are achieved with telmisartan/HCTZ (80/12.5 mg) than with valsartan/HCTZ (160/12.5 mg) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Recent data from a large group of patients show that telmisartan 80 mg controls the early morning blood pressure surge more effectively than ramipril 5-10 mg and, thus, may have a greater beneficial effect on long-term cardiovascular risk. This supposition is being tested in the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) programme.     

The role of insulin-like-growth-factor-binding protein 3 in the evaluation of disease activity in acromegaly

Studied the diagnostic value of measurements of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 compared to insulin-like growth factor-1 as a parameter of disease activity in patients with active (n = 12, 8 females, 4 males, 29-69 years old) and inactive (n = 14, 11 females, 3 males, 28-58 years old) acromegaly. Patients were assigned to the active group if they had GH levels > or = 2 ng/ml, to the inactive group if they had growth hormone levels < 2 ng/ml after 75 g glucose challenge. The absolute serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration (526 +/- 66 ng/ml vs. 272 +/- 61 ng/ml, p = 0.015; mean +/- SE) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score (3.23 +/- 0.33 vs. 0.67 +/- 0.58, p = 0.0013) was higher in the active than in the inactive group, but no significant difference was seen between the corresponding insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 values (7270 +/- 1500 vs. 5340 +/- 1050 ng/ml). Positive significant correlation was found between insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 both in the active (n = 12, r = 0.55, p < 0.05) and in the inactive (n = 14, r = 0.61, p < 0.05) group. A significant negative correlation existed between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and age in the inactive (r = 0.58, n = 14; p < 0.05), but not in the active (r = 0.35, n = 12) group. The diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is less than that of the insulin-like growth factor-1. Conclude that the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 has smaller suitability to determine the activity of acromegaly than the insulin like-growth factor-1 measurement.     

Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of lutein combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation on contrast sensitivity in people with age-related macular disease (ARMD). DESIGN: A prospective, 9-month, double-masked randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Aston University, Birmingham, UK and a UK optometric clinical practice. SUBJECTS: Age-related maculopathy (ARM) and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) participants were randomized (using a random number generator) to either placebo (n=10) or active (n=15) groups. Three of the placebo group and two of the active group dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: The active group supplemented daily with 6 mg lutein combined with vitamins and minerals. The outcome measure was contrast sensitivity (CS) measured using the Pelli-Robson chart, for which the study had 80% power at the 5% significance level to detect a change of 0.3 log units. RESULTS: The CS score increased by 0.07+/-0.07 and decreased by 0.02+/-0.18 log units for the placebo and active groups, respectively. The difference between these values is not statistically significant (z=-0.903, P=0.376). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that 6 mg of lutein supplementation in combination with other antioxidants is not beneficial for this group. Further work is required to establish optimum dosage levels.     

贝那普利联合吲达帕胺治疗轻中度高血压疗效观察

目的探讨贝那普利和吲达帕胺小剂量联合治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的疗效及安全性。方法将本院2009年2月-2010年12月收治的120例原发性高血压患者随机分为对照组（55例）和治疗组（65例）,对照组口服贝那普利10 mg/次.d,治疗组口服贝那普利5 mg/次.d＋吲达帕胺1.25 mg/次.d。给药8周后,观察患者血压、心率、生化指标及不良反应。结果用药8周后,两组患者收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）均显著下降（P〈0.05）;治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为95.4%和72.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为13.8%和25.5%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但均能耐受;两组治疗前后心率及生化指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论较单用贝那普利相比,贝那普利联合吲达帕胺降压效果显著提高;对心率、血糖、总胆固醇等生化指标等无显著影响;且不良反应发生率低,安全可靠。