安徽省成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

目的 探讨安徽省成人慢性肾脏病(CKD)患病率及相关危险因素.方法 采用分层多级抽样的方法随机抽取安徽省18岁以上常住居民3800人,进行CKD及相关危险因素的检测和问卷调查.结果 在资料完整的3374名居民中,经人口年龄、性别构成比校正后,白蛋白尿患病率为9.8％(95％CI 8.8％～10.9％);肾功能下降患病率为2.1％(95％CI 1.7％～2.7％).该人群CKD患病率为10.4％(95％CI 9.4％～11.5％);知晓率为6.5％.女性、年龄增加、糖尿病、高血压和高尿酸血症是CKD的独立危险因素,而肥胖、高脂血症、吸烟和饮酒与CKD发病率增高无关.结论 安徽省成人CKD患病率为10.4％,知晓率为6.5％.女性、年龄增加、高血压、糖尿病及高尿酸血症是CKD的独立危险因素.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

目的 探讨我国内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔少数民族聚居区成年人群中慢性肾脏病（CKD）患病率及其危险因素。 方法 对该地区20岁以上常住居民进行CKD抽样调查,被调查者均检测了尿白蛋白/肌酐比率、血尿（离心后尿沉渣显微镜检查）及估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR,检验血清肌酐后用国人校正的简化MDRD公式计算）;并同时调查了CKD的相关危险因素。 结果 符合入选条件的被调查者共4522例,白蛋白尿阳性率为7.11%;血尿阳性率为2.64%;eGFR低于60 ml•min-1•(1.73 m2)-1者为2.75%;去除白蛋白尿、血尿及eGFR下降共同存在造成的重复,该地区CKD患病率为12.95%。高血压患病率38.90%,糖代谢异常6.61%,脂代谢异常34.60%,腰围增大24.79%,代谢综合征15.02%。多因素Logistic回归分析及分层分析显示,年龄增加、腰围增大、收缩压升高、空腹血糖升高、血清三酰甘油增高及患代谢综合征与白蛋白尿发生相关;年龄增加、收缩压升高及空腹血糖升高与肾功能下降相关;年龄增加与血尿发生相关。 结论 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔地区CKD患病率为12.95%。相关危险因素包括年龄增加、腰围增大、高血压、血糖或血脂异常、及代谢综合征。     

广西贺州城镇成人慢性肾脏病的流行病学调查

目的 探讨广西贺州城镇成人慢性肾脏病(CKD)的患病情况及危险因素。 方法 在广西中小城市贺州，采用分层整群系统随机抽样的方法，抽取贺州部分城镇1200名18岁以上的常住居民，对其进行问卷调查、检测肾脏损伤指标及相关危险因素。 结果 在资料完整的1069名居民中，白蛋白尿的患病率为7.5％；血尿的患病率为4.8％，肾功能下降的患病率为3．6％。该人群CKD的患病率为14.4％，知晓率为1.4％。二分类Logistic回归分析提示，年龄（OR为1.022，95%CI为1.008～1.035）、性别（OR为2.249，95%CI为1.502～3.367）、高血压（OR为4.397，95%CI为2.601～7.432）及糖尿病（OR为7.422，95%CI为3.985～13.825）与CKD独立相关。 结论 在我国广西中小城市贺州部分城镇中，成人CKD的患病率为14.4％，知晓率为1.4％。CKD的相关危险因素包括年龄、性别、高血压及糖尿病，与发达国家和我国大城市相似。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区成人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.     

武汉市某社区成年人群慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

目的探讨武汉市江夏区金口街成年人群慢性肾脏病患病情况及相关危险因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法对该地区1850名20岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查并检测肾脏损伤指标及相关危险因素,包括尿常规、尿白蛋白／肌酐比值、血清生化指标、血红蛋白及肾脏B超等。结果在1850例资料完整的居民中,镜下血尿为5．9％,白蛋白尿检出率为10．3％,肾功能下降为4．2％。该人群中慢性肾脏病患病率12．6％,知晓率6．4％。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,慢性肾脏病的最危险因素为高血压,其余依次为肾结石、高尿酸血症、糖尿病等。结论该区慢性肾脏病患病率较高,慢性肾脏病的疾病谱和相关因素已经与我国大城市和发达国家类似。     

老年骨质疏松症流行病学调查及预防措施研究

目的探讨老年骨质疏松症流行病学调查及预防措施。方法 2017年6月至2018年6月,对辖区5432例老年人进行骨质疏松症调查。结果骨质疏松症发生率为12. 44%;腰椎2～4部位骨密度平均为(0. 820±0. 111) g/cm~2,股骨颈平均骨密度为(0. 818±0. 103) g/cm~2,股骨颈粗隆平均骨密度为(0. 712±0. 100) g/cm~2,Ward三角区平均骨密度为(0. 704±0. 112) g/cm~2;骨质疏松症患者女性比例、年龄、饮酒比例、日饮用牛奶量250 mL/d比例、未口服钙片比例及体育锻炼30 min/d比例分别为59. 17%、(75. 20±9. 28)岁、60. 95%、69. 08%、65. 83%、57. 25%,明显高于无骨质疏松症者(P0. 05); Logistic回归分析显示女性、年龄是老年人发生骨质疏松的危险因素(OR=1. 761、1. 964,P0. 05),而日饮用牛奶量、口服钙片和体育锻炼是老年人发生骨质疏松的保护因素(OR=0. 725、0. 661和0. 718,P0. 05)。结论本地区老年骨质疏松症发生比例较高,应根据相关危险因素采取有针对性的措施,以减少骨质疏松的发生。     

上海市1582例中老年男子勃起功能障碍流行病学调查

为调查我国中老年男性人群勃起功能障碍的患病率及其高危因素.本文用描述流行病学方法,采用多阶段抽样方法在城市一般人群中抽取上海市区40岁以上的男性居民1582例,完成勃起功能障碍自答问卷.结果1582例中ED患病率为73.1%,且随其年龄增长而上升,60岁以上者上升幅度尤为明显.影响ED患病率的有关因素是年龄、心理性、器质性疾病等.其中,内分泌疾病(糖尿病),心血管病变、泌尿生殖器官疾病患者中,ED发病率较高.经济收入状况与ED患病率有显著相关性,而教育文化程度与ED患病率无相关性.     

上海地区胆囊结石病的流行病学调查

目的: 研究上海地区居民胆囊结石病（以下简称胆石病）的患病情况及其相关的危险因素。方法: 2010年8月至2011年7月期间,对上海三个区部分20~79岁自然人群15 256人进行横断面调查。其中男8 617人,女6 639人。使用问卷调查、体格检查和实验室生化分析等方法收集参加者相关临床数据。胆囊疾病采用空腹B超检查确诊。采用t检验和Logistic逐步回归分析与胆石病相关的危险因素。结果: ①胆石病总体患病率为7.02%,女性（8.10%）略高于男性（6.19%）（P<0.05）。不论性别,胆石病的患病率随年龄递增（P<0.05）。②胆囊总体切除率为2.48%,女性（3.42%）是男性（1.75%）的约2倍（P<0.05）,也随年龄递增（P<0.05）。③Logistic逐步回归分析显示,女性、高龄、脂肪肝、胆石病家族史、高血压、体质量指数增加为胆石病相关的危险因素。结论: 本研究调查显示,当前上海地区人群总体胆石病患病率为7.02%,胆囊切除率为2.48%。性别、年龄、脂肪肝、胆石病家族史、高血压和体质量指数与胆石病发生密切相关。     

驻某地团级以上军队干部骨关节炎流行病学调查

目的了解驻某地团级以上军队干部骨关节炎(OA)流行病学特征并探讨其危险因素。 方法2012年5月至7月对驻某地团级以上军队干部进行分层整群随机抽样,选取460例团级以上军队干部为研究对象。采用自行设计的《骨关节专项体检调查登记表》进行问卷调查,并由专科医师进行体格检查、影像学检查与实验室检查。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用χ²检验,单因素分析中P < 0.05的变量进入Logistic回归分析模型。 结果本次研究对象有效样本共426人,总体患病率为52.82%,单因素分析中的危险因素进入Logistic回归分析,结果显示年龄(OR ＝ 2.499,95%CI ＝ 1.578－3.935,P < 0.01)、级别(OR ＝ 2.743,95%CI ＝ 1.902－3.940,P < 0.05)、训练强度(OR ＝ 1.015,95%CI ＝ 1.002－3.104,P < 0.05)、工作强度(OR ＝ 1.855,95%CI ＝ 1.035－3.297,P < 0.05)、外伤手术史(OR ＝ 6.831,95% CI ＝ 5.320－8.287,P < 0.01)、BMI(OR ＝ 1.194,95% CI ＝ 1.077－3.487,P < 0.01)与OA密切相关,其患病率随年龄、级别、工作强度、身体质量指数(BMI)增加而升高。 结论团级以上军队干部OA患病率较高,高龄、高级别、高训练强度、高工作强度、外伤手术史、肥胖/超重是团级以上军队干部OA患病的危险因素。     

Epidemiology investigation of chronic kidney disease in the Zhuang nationality village from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the rural adult population of Zhuang nationality from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods A cross-sectional survey in a village of Zhuang agglomerated settlement was performed by cluster sampling. Demography data of participants were collected using questionnaire. Kidney damage indexes were examined and risk factors were explored. Morning spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g was defined as albuminuria. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by abbreviated MDRD equation ＜60 ml•min-1•(1.73 m2)-1 was defined as reduced renal function. Morning spot urine dipstick (1＋or greater) and then ＞3 red blood cells/HP by microscopy was defined as hematuria. The crude and adjusted prevalence of indicators of kidney damage were calculated and risk factors associated with the presence of CKD was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results A total of 2104 subjects older than 18 years were enrolled in the study, of whom 2036 persons agreed and completed. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria, haematuria and reduced eGFR was 1.1%, 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 5.7％ and the awareness rate was 5.3％. Independent risk factors associated with CKD were age, gender and hypertension. Conclusions In the Zhuang nationality village of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 5.7％ people have either proteinuria, haematuria and/or reduced eGFR, indicating the presence of kidney damage, with awareness rate of only 5.3%. Independent risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease are age, gender and hypertension, which are similar to developed countries and domestic big cities.     

支气管哮喘患者人群慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

目的 了解支气管哮喘患者人群慢性肾脏病流行病学现状。 方法 选择≥14岁的支气管哮喘患者为研究对象进行问卷调查、体格检查和肾脏损伤及相关危险因素检测。根据相关疾病诊断标准对资料进行分析。 结果 郑州市14岁以上支气管哮喘患者人群蛋白尿、血尿和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）下降患病率为别为9.41%、10.37%和3.03%,均高于普通人群。CKD患病率高达17.38%,女性显著高于男性（21.47%比13.99%,χ2 = 6.060,P = 0.014）;CKD1～5期患病率分别为8.61%、5.10%、3.03%、0.48%和0.16%。在哮喘分期中,急性发作期CKD患病率为24.42%,显著高于慢性持续期和临床缓解期（χ2 = 12.445,P = 0.002）;急性发作期蛋白尿和eGFR下降患病率均高于其他两期（χ2 = 19.619,P ＜ 0.01和χ2 = 9.305,P = 0.010）。 结论 支气管哮喘人群具有较高的肾脏损伤发生率,尤其在急性发作期,应重视此人群肾损害的评估。     

上海城市社区成年人群慢性肾脏病流行病学研究

目的 获取上海城市社区成年人群慢性肾脏病流行病学及其高危人群数据，有助于慢性肾脏病的早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗及有助于国家卫生政策的制定。 方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样法对上海市长宁区江苏街道中2596名18岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查并检测肾脏损伤指标及相关危险因素，包括体格检查、尿常规+沉渣镜检、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（ACR）、Scr、BUN、血尿酸、血糖、血胆固醇（Cho）、血三酰甘油（TG）、血红蛋白（Hb）及肾脏B超等。调查员均经过培训及接受技术指导，同时培训社区居委会有关人员，以便与居民的沟通与联络。3个月后对ACR试纸半定量检查阳性者进行复查。 结果 在2554例资料完整的居民中，白蛋白尿患病率为6.3%；肾功能下降为5.8%；镜下血尿为1.2%。该人群中CKD患病率11.8%，知晓率8.2%。多因素Logistic回归提示，CKD的最强烈危险因素为高尿酸血症，其余依次为肾结石、贫血、糖尿病、腹型肥胖、高血压、年龄。 结论 在上海城市社区人群中，CKD患病率为11.8%，知晓率仅为8.2%。CKD的危险因素为高尿酸血症、肾结石、贫血、糖尿病、腹型肥胖、高血压、年龄。     

Epidemiological investigation on chronic kidney disease in hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients in Kunming urban community

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Kunming urban area. Methods A multistage cluster randomized sampling method was used to collect 400 randomly selected patients (community managed hypertension and diabetes mellitus) in community service centers in the 4 main urban districts of Kunming, Yunnan province. The subjects were screened for CKD by questionnaires, physical examinations, and microalbuminuria tests. Results A total of 343 people were surveyed. The prevalence of albuminuria, proteinuria by routine urinalysis, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and CKD prevalence were respectively 37.3%, 12.2%, 5.0% and 39.1%.A total of 134 patients with CKD (134/343) were screened. Logistic regression analysis showed male (OR=2.312, 95%CI 1.325-4.037, P=0.003), hyperuricemia (OR=1.751, 95%CI 1.109-2.765, P=0.016) and obesity (OR=2.150, 95%CI 1.115-4.146, P=0.022) were related to CKD. Conclusions The prevalences of CKD and albuminuria are 39.1% and 37.3% in patients with chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes) in the main urban community of Kunming, Yunnan. Hyperuricemia, male and obesity are independent risk factors for CKD.     

1031例冠脉造影患者慢性肾脏病流行情况调查

目的 调查疑似冠心病行冠脉造影患者的慢性肾脏病（CKD）流行情况。 方法 2008年12月至2009年10月,于东南大学附属中大医院心内科住院行选择性冠脉造影的1031例患者为对象,观察其CKD的患病率及其危险因素。CKD的定义为eGFR <60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1和(或)蛋白尿,eGFR以简化MDRD公式计算。冠心病定义为至少1支冠脉狭窄≥50%。 结果 患者平均年龄(64.37±11.02）岁,其中男性543例,女性488例;冠心病551例,CKD 134例（13%）。冠心病组CKD的患病率显著高于非冠心病组（18.33%比6.88%,P < 0.01）。随冠脉病变支数增加（0、1、2、3支）,eGFR逐渐下降[（84.24±19.00）、（81.61±23.92）、（75.16±20.99）、（73.92±20.66） ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1,P < 0.01];蛋白尿患者比例逐渐增加（0.42%、0.82%、1.96%、3.25%,P = 0.006）;CKD患病率逐渐增高（6.88%、13.11%、21.57%、23.38%,P < 0.01）。Logistic回归提示年龄增长（OR=1.094,95%CI 1.068~1.120）、冠脉病变支数增加（OR=1.288,95%CI 1.074~1.543）、高血压（OR=1.974,95%CI 1.082~3.603）、心脏收缩功能不全（OR=3.183,95%CI 1.696~5.972）、高尿酸血症（OR=5.366,95%CI 3.224~8.931）是CKD的重要危险因素。 结果 冠脉造影证实的冠心病患者中,CKD患病率显著高于非冠心病者,且随冠脉病变支数增加而显著增加。年龄增长、冠脉病变支数增加、高血压、心脏收缩功能不全、高尿酸血症为CKD的危险因素。     

郑州市城区成年人慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

目的 了解郑州市城区成年人慢性肾脏病(CKD)的流行现状.方法 采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的的方法,抽取郑州市4个社区内20岁及20岁以上常住居民共1855人,进行问卷调查、体格检查、肾脏损伤及相关危险因素检测.结果 在资料完整的1752名居民中,经人口年龄和性别构成比校正后,白蛋白尿、血尿、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降的患病率分别为5.78%、8.19%和1.58%.男性蛋白尿和血尿的患病率低于女性(4.37%比7.29%,X2=6.252,P=0.012;5.08%比11.51%,X2=24.499,P＜0.01);eGFR下降患病率高于女性(2.26%比0.86%,X2=5.830,P=0.016).按年龄将研究对象分为7个亚组,蛋白尿和eGFR下降患病率随年龄的增加而升高(X2=13.428,P=0.037;X2=17.080,P=0.009).该人群CKD的粗患病率为14.50%,经年龄、性别标化后的患病率为13.57%,女性高于男性(17.83%比9.59%,X2=23.132,P＜0.01). CKD最多见的表现形式是血尿(50.40%)和蛋白尿(31.89%).多因素Logistic回归结果显示,性别、年龄、吸烟、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和高尿酸血症是CKD的危险因素.该人群CKD的知晓率为8.27%,治疗率为7.09%.结论 郑州市成年人群CKD的患病率为13.57%;知晓率为8.27%.CKD的相关危险因素包括性别、年龄、吸烟、肥胖、高血压及糖尿病等.